Polyethylene (pe) resinan rudani ne wanda ya sauya rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Shine mafi yawan filastik da aka yi amfani da filastik a cikin duniya.
An gano a cikin 1930s, pe ya daɗe daga farkon sa. A yau, abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antu da yawa.
Daga packaging zuwa gini, filastik yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duniyar yau. A cikin wannan post, zamu bincika duniyar mai ban sha'awa na filastik filastik.
Za ku koya game da kaddarorin, nau'ikan, da aikace-aikace waɗanda suke sa ya zama dole a cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.
Abubuwan sunadarai da tsarin filastik
Tsarin sunadarai
Polyethylene (pe) yana da tsari mai sauki na sinadarai: (C2H4) n . Ya ƙunshi kwayoyin carbon biyu na carbon biyu da ke da alaƙa da atoms huɗu. The 'n ' a cikin tsari yana wakiltar ragowar raka'a na wannan tsarin. Lokacin da kwayoyin halittu da yawa (C2h4) hade tare, suna samar da sarƙoƙi mai tsawo, samar da polyethylene.
Tsarin kwayoyin na pe
Tsarin da ke bayan wannan ake kira polymerization . Monomers Monomers suna haɗu cikin sarkar sarkar, canji cikin pe. Wannan tsari na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar Ziegler-Natta polymerization ko kyauta polymerization . Kowace hanya dan yana shafar kaddarorin karshe na pe.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta
Tsarin kwayoyin pe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikinsa. Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na pe na iya bambanta sosai, kuma wannan yana rinjayar ƙarfin filastik, sassauƙa, da kuma tsoratarwa. Babban nauyin kwayar cuta mafi girma yawanci yana nufin abu mai ƙarfi, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen ma'aikata.
Saka wani muhimmin mahimmanci. PE na iya samun matakan daban-daban na saka ɗamara a sarƙoƙi. Moreari mafi ƙarfi, kamar a cikin ƙananan ƙananan polyethylene (LDPE) , yana haifar da soft, mafi sassauƙa filastik. A gefe guda, manyan-densa polyethylene (HDPE) yana da karancin rassa, wanda ya sa ya zama mai tsauri kuma mafi tsauri.
Lu'ulu'u na dogon lu'ulu'u yana tasiri halayen pE. Thearin crystalline pe shine, mafi tsauri kuma ƙasa da m ya zama. Misali, hdpe, wanda ke da babban digiri na lu'ulu'u lu'ulu'u, ana amfani dashi a cikin samfuran da ke buƙatar ƙarfin, kamar kwantena da bututu. Da bambanci, LDPE, tare da ƙananan lu'ulu'u, cikakke ne ga jakunkuna na filastik da finafinan sassauƙa.
Irin filastik pe filastik
Yaran da yawa na polyethylene (LDPE)
Halaye da kaddarorin
LDPE sanannu ne ga sassauci da kuma nuna gaskiya. Yana da taushi, mai tauri, kuma yana tsayayya da tasiri.
Mabuɗin Key:
Masana'antu
Ana samar da LDPE ta amfani da babban matsin lamba da zazzabi. Tsarin ya shafi:
Karatun gas na Ethylene
Polymerization a cikin reactor
Sanyaya da peletizing
App na gama gari
Jaka na filastik
Matsi kwalba
Faintinan fina-finai
Waya da rufewa
Babban-density polyethylene (HDPE)
Bambanci fasali da fa'idodi
HDPE ya fi karfi kuma mafi tsauri fiye da LDEPE. Yana bayarwa:
Hanyar samarwa
An kera HDPED ta amfani da ƙarancin matsin lamba da zazzabi. Hanyar sun hada da:
Slurry polymerization
Gas na Polymerization
Mashahuri yana amfani da masana'antu
Layin lodethylene (LLDPE)
Kwatanta da LDPE
LLDPE ya haɗu da fasali na LDPE da HDPE:
Masana'antu
Ana samar da LLDPE ta amfani da:
Ziegler-natta
Metallocece castalysts
Waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da izinin ainihin sarrafa kayan sasantawa.
Takamaiman aikace-aikace
Shimfiɗa kunsa
Fasjiyoyin Noma
Tuba mai sauyawa
Murfin na USB
Daidaitaccen nauyi mai tsayi da yawa polyethylene (uhmwpe)
Na kwarai
Uhmwpe yana alfahari:
Tallafin samarwa
Masana'antu uhmwpe yana da hadaddun saboda:
Sosai babban nauyi
Wahala a aiki
Dabaru na musamman kamar galibi ana amfani da su sau da yawa.
Aikace-aikacen Aikace-aikacen
Polyethylene polyethylene (PEX)
Fa'idodi na haɗin gwiwar
Haɗin haɗiye abubuwan haɓaka:
Jurewa
Juriya na sinadarai
Injiniya
Masana'antu
An samar da Pex ta:
Ƙirƙirar HDPE
Haɗin haɗi ta amfani da peroxides, Silane, ko katako na lantarki
Yana amfani da bututu da gini
Matsakaici-yawan polyethylene (mdpe)
Kadarorin da halaye
MDPE yana ba da daidaituwa tsakanin HDPE da LDPE:
Hanyar samarwa
Ana amfani da MDPE yawanci ta amfani da:
CHROMIUUIUSTSTS
Ziegler-natta
Aikace-aikace a cikin bututun gas da kuma su
Ethylene coplymers
Nau'in coflymers
Cutar Ethylene ta gama gari sun hada da:
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva)
Ethylene acrylic acid (eaa)
Ethylene sethaccrylic acid (EMAA)
Keɓaɓɓun kaddarorin da fa'idodi
Ethylene Pofolymers bayar da:
Ingantaccen sassauƙa
Ingantaccen m
Mafi kyawun haske
Ya kara karuwa
Takamaiman aikace-aikace
Mabuɗin filastik na filastik
Al'ada bambancin
Farashin PE sun zo cikin densities daban-daban. Wannan dukiyar tana da tasiri sosai da halaye da aikace-aikace.
Ga saurin rushewa:
Ldpe: 0.910-0.92 g / cm³
Lldpe: 0.915-0.922 g / cm³
MDPE: 0.926-0.940 g / cm³
HDPE: 0.941-0.965 g / cm³
Mafi girma yawanci yana nufin mafi girman ƙarfi da tauri. Ƙananan yawa yana ba da sassauci da ƙarfin hali.
Tsarin nauyi mai nauyi
Nauyin kwayoyin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kaddarorin pe. Yana shafar ƙarfi, tauri, da sarrafawa.
Mabuɗin Key:
Uhmwpe, tare da babban nauyin kwayar halitta, yana nuna ƙarfi da kuma sanadin juriya.
Juriya na sinadarai
Romists na pen gabaɗaya suna nuna kyawawan juriya sunadarai. Sun yi makiya da abubuwa da yawa.
Juriya ya bambanta da nau'in pe:
HDPE: babbar juriya ga sunadarai da kuma karbuwa
LDPE: Kyakkyawan juriya, amma ana iya shafawa ta wasu hydrocarbons
Pe ya tsayar acid, bots, da mafi yawan karuwa. Ba shi da tsayayya ga masu aiki mai karfi.
Amincewa da zazzabi
Rufin PE na iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi. Ayyukansu sun bambanta dangane da nau'in da daraja.
Janar zafin jiki ya kasance:
LDPE: -50 ° C To + 80 ° C
HDPE: -60 ° C To + 120 ° C
Uhmwpe: -200 ° C To + 80 ° C
Pex yana bayar da ingantacciyar juriya na zazzabi, dace da bututun ruwan zafi.
UV juriya
Unfifie pe mai saukin kamuwa da shi zuwa UV lalata. Tsawon hasken rana na iya haifar da rikicewar liyafa da launi mai launi.
Don inganta juriya UV:
Gafara UV Tantsers
Hade da carbon baƙar fata (don samfuran pe pe
UV-tsagewa PE ne ga aikace-aikacen amfani da aikace-aikacen waje kamar fina-finan noma da kayan daki a waje.
Abincin Tsaron Abinci
Da yawa nau'ikan pe ne fDA-yarda don saduwa da abinci. Ba su da guba ba kuma ba su da ɗanɗano ko ƙanshi.
Halayen abinci mai aminci:
HDPE da LDPE ana amfani da LDPE da ake amfani dasu a cikin marufin abinci. Uhmwpe ya dace da kayan aikin sarrafa abinci.
Ka tuna: Koyaushe bincika takamaiman maki don bin aikin lafiyar abinci.
Cikakke kayan alatu na kayan
| kwalliyar | petys | ldpe | ldpe mdpe | hdpe | uhmwpe |
| Density (g / cm³) | 0.910 - 0.925 | 0.915 - 0.925 | 0.926 - 0.940 | 0.941 - 0.965 | 0.930 - 0.935 |
| Lu'ulu'u | Low (40-50%) | Matsakaici (50-60%) | Matsakaici-babba | Babban (70-80%) | Sosai sosai (> 85%) |
| Tenerile ƙarfi (MPa) | 8-12 | 10-30 | 20-35 | 20-40 | 40-48 |
| Melting Point (° C) | 105 - 115 | 120 - 130 | 125 - 135 | 130 - 137 | 130 - 135 |
| Sassauƙa | Mafi sassauci | M | Matsakaici | Kasa m | Akalla m |
| Gridity | Mafi tsauri | Dan kadan m | Matsakaici tsaurara | Ƙagagge | Mafi tsauri |
| Abubuwan da ke cikin key | M, m | Ingantaccen karfi, mai tsayayya da tsari | Daidaitawar kaddarorin | Mai karfi, mai tsayayya da sinadarai | Sosai karfi, sa mai tsauri |
| App na gama gari | Fim, jaka | Mika kunsa, tubing | Gas gas, igiyoyi | Kwalabe, bututu | Sassa masu aiki |
SAURARA: Hakikanin dabi'un na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da takamaiman maki da masana'antun.
Sarrafa dabarun sarrafa pe
Pe filastik ne mai ma'ana. Ana iya sarrafa shi ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban.
Allurar gyara
Yin allurar rigakafi ya shahara sosai ga fasannin biyu. Ga yadda yake aiki:
Pelellets pellets sun narke.
Ana allurar da filastik na molten a cikin mold.
Mold ɗin yana sanyaya, yana sauraron filastik.
An gama sashen da aka gama.
Wannan hanyar tana da kyau don ƙirƙirar sifofin hadaddun. Ana amfani dashi don iyakokin kwalban, kwantena, da kayan wasa.
Hawa
Ana amfani da ƙarfin wucewa don ƙirƙirar bayanan martaba. Tsarin ya shafi:
Narke peelets.
Tilasta filastik na molten ta mutu.
Sanyaya da arfafa da ƙwararren sifar.
Abu ne da kyau ga samar da bututu, tubing, da suturar waya.
Bude molding
Yin allurar rigakafi cikakke ne ga abubuwan m. Anan ne aiwatar:
Tube bututu (parison) ya mamaye.
Parison yana murƙushe a cikin mold.
An busa iska a cikin majami'a, yana faɗaɗa shi zuwa siffar mold.
Sashi yayi sanyi kuma an fitar da shi.
Ana amfani da wannan dabarar don kwalabe, tankuna mai, da manyan kwantena.
Resistation Molding
Magungunan juyawa yana da kyau ga manyan, m sassan. Matakan sune:
Ana sanya foda a cikin mold.
Motar tana mai zafi kuma tana juyawa.
Foda ya narke da suturar ciki ta ciki.
Da mold yana sanyaya, kuma an cire ɓangaren.
Ana amfani dashi don tankuna, kayan aikin filin wasa, da kayaks.
Matsawa maimaitawa (don uhmwpe)
Uhmwpe yana buƙatar aiki na musamman. Ana amfani da sautin matsawa da yawa:
Uhmwpe foda an sanya shi a cikin tsananin m.
Ana amfani da matsin lamba don damfara foda.
Abubuwan yana mai zafi ga melta.
An sanya sashin a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Wannan hanyar tana samar da sassan-ƙarfi kamar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
Fina-finai
Fim ya hura fina-finai na bakin ciki. Tsarin:
PE ya narke da kuma fitar da shi a cikin bututu.
An busa iska a cikin bututun, faɗaɗa shi.
Bubble yana sanyaya kuma ya rushe.
Fim ɗin yana rauni a kan Rolls.
Wannan dabarar tana samar da jakunkuna na filastik da fina-finai.
3D buga tare da pe
3D bugu tare da pe yana fitowa. Yana ba da sabon damar:
FDPE filments suna samuwa ga firintocin FDM.
Yana ba da damar don al'ada, haɓakar kananan abu.
Za'a iya amfani da PE Recycled PE, inganta dorewa.
Kalubale ya kasance, amma yanki ne mai kayatarwa.
Gyare-gyare da ƙari ga filastik
Haɗin haɗiye don ƙirƙirar PEX
PE (PEX) yana ba da ingantattun kaddarorin:
An ƙirƙiri Pex ta hanyoyi uku:
Peroxide (pex-a)
Silane (Pex-B)
Toldron katako (PEX-C)
An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin bututun mai dumama.
Chlorination don samar da CPE
Chlorinated pe (cpe) yana ƙara sabon fasali:
Ingantacciyar juriya
Ingantaccen Wuta
Quara yawan tsayayya mai
Ana amfani da CPE a:
Rufe Membranes
Waya da na USB Jaketing
Kayan aiki
Copolymers (Eva, Ethylene-acrylic acid)
Copolymers hada pe tare da sauran monomers:
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva)
Ƙara sassauci
Mafi kyawun haske
Inganta tasirin juriya
Ana amfani da Eva a cikin:
Takalmi soles
Faɗari
Yawan narke adheher
Ethylene-acrylic acid (eaa)
EAA ta sami aikace-aikace a:
Fa'idodin Multlie
Mayafa
Adheresives
Metallocece pe (mpe) don inganta kaddarorin
MPE yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:
Tsari mafi tsari
Inganta karfi da wahala
Mafi kyawun kaddarorin
Ana amfani dashi a:
Sauran gyare-gyare don takamaiman aikace-aikace
PE za a iya canza tare da ƙari daban-daban:
| nau'in | manufa mai amfani | Nau'in |
| UV Tafata | Hana lalacewa daga hasken rana | Kayayyakin waje |
| Magunguna | Hana oxidation lokacin aiki | Duk samfuran pe |
| Gwaloli | Sanya launi | Kayan masarufi |
| Harshen Rage | Rage flammility | Kayan gini |
Aikace-aikace a kan masana'antu
Pe filastik yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ana amfani dashi a masana'antu da yawa.
Marufi
Kayan marmari
Pe cikakke ne ga marufin abinci. Ana amfani dashi a:
Jaka na filastik
Kwantena
Tasirin kwalban
LDPE da HDPE sune zabi na gama gari. Suna kiyaye abinci mai kyau da aminci.
I jing source U-Nou HDPE Shamfo 16 Oz Lutuon kwalabe
Kashi na masana'antu
PE na haskakawa a cikin kayan aikin masana'antu ma:
Jigilar kaya
Rani layi
Rufe mai kariya
Ana amfani da HDPe sau da yawa don ƙarfinta da juriya na sinadarai.
Abvantbuwan amfãni a masana'antar marufi
Pe yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:
Nauyi
Danshi mai tsayayya
Mai tsada
Sake bugawa
Waɗannan halayen suna yin pe babban zaɓaɓɓen zaɓaɓɓu.
Gini da kayan gini
Bututu da kayan aiki
An yi amfani da bututun pe da piple. Sun yi kyau sosai:
Samar da ruwa
Rarrabawa Gas
Tsarin nazarin shara
Bututun HDPE ne masu dorewa da lalata.
Abubuwan rufewa
Pe kumfa shine ingantaccen insulator. Ana amfani dashi a:
Tushen bango
Rufin rufewa
Sautin sauti
Yana da nauyi da danshi-mai tsauri.
Geomembranes
Pe Geomemranes yana da mahimmanci a cikin gini:
Landsfill Litattafan
Manyan layin
Ikon lalacewa
Suna samar da kyawawan juriya da karkara.
Masana'antu
Tankalin mai
HDPE FEEL Tankuna sune gama gari a cikin motocin. Su:
Wannan yana taimakawa haɓaka ingancin mai da aminci.
Kayan ciki
Ana amfani da PE a cikin masu haɗin kai da yawa:
Ƙafin kofa
Wurin zama
Masu riƙewa
Yana da tsada-inganci kuma mai sauƙin gyara.
Fa'idodi a masana'antar abin hawa
PE yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:
Raguwa mai nauyi
Inganta ingancin Fuel
Ƙananan farashin samarwa
Sake dawowa
Waɗannan fa'idodin sun yi pe peah people a masana'antar mota.
Ilmin aikin gona
Fina-finai
Farin LDPE cikakke ne ga greenhouses:
Haske Watsawa
Riƙewa
Ƙarko
Suna taimakawa ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau.
Tsarin ban ruwa
An yi amfani da bututun pe a cikin ban ruwa:
Busassun tumaki na ruwa
Tsarin yayyafa
Tankunan ajiya ruwa
Suna da tsayayya ga sunadarai da radiation na UV.
Aikace-aikacen mulching
Pe Mulch fenti suna ba da fa'idodi:
Suna taimakawa wajen karuwar amfanin gona da inganci.
Kiwon lafiya da na'urorin likita
Likita-Darasi
An tsara likita na musamman:
Na biocadder
Marin haifuwa
Jeri na sinadarai
Ya hadu da ka'idojin lafiya.
Aikace-aikacen na yau da kullun
Ana amfani da pe a cikin kayan likita daban-daban:
Uhmwpe yana da matukar mahimmanci don musanya hadin gwiwa.
Kayan masarufi
Abubuwan Gida
Ana samun pe a cikin samfuran gida da yawa:
Kwantena
Kashe allon
Sharan shara
Yana da dorewa, mai sauqi ya tsarkaka, kuma mai araha.
Kayan wasa da kayayyakin nishaɗi
PE ya dace da kayan wasa da kayan wasanni:
Kayan aiki
Burin Wasanni
Kaya
Yana da lafiya, mai dorewa, kuma mai tsayayya da tasiri.
Lantarki da lantarki
Cable rufin
Pe kyakkyawan kyakkyawan Insulator:
Yana ba da kariya da karkara.
Abubuwan lantarki
Ana amfani da pe a masana'antar lantarki:
Yana ba da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki da juriya na sinadarai
Tsara Tsara don samfuran Polyethylene
Zabin Abinci
Lokacin zaɓar polyethylene (pe) don ƙirar samfurin, kuna buƙatar bincika dalilai da yawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kaddarorin na inji , kamar ƙarfi na tens da sassauci, wanda ya bambanta da nau'in peed. Juriya na muhalli yana da mahimmanci, musamman idan samfurin zai fuskanci bayyanar UV ko yanayin sunadarai. Misali, HDPE yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya na sunadarai, yayin da LDPE ya fi kyau ga sassauƙa, aikace-aikace mara nauyi. A ƙarshe, hanyar sarrafawa batutuwa - ko kuna amfani da allurar rigakafi , ƙa'idar , ko Bude mold -becuse ba duk nau'in pe suna aiki da kyau tare da kowace hanya.
Na kirkironi
Tabbatar da tsarin masana'antu shine mabuɗin don samar da ingantaccen samfuran pasase. Tsarin ƙira kamar sauƙaƙan sauƙin samarwa da rikitarwa. Kulawa da kauri a cikin tufafi na kauri yana hana lahani ko nutsewa, wanda zai iya faruwa yayin sanyaya. Angledungiyoyin daftarin suna da mahimmanci a cikin allurar da aka gyara, ba da izinin sassan da aka gyara da za'a iya cire su daga mold. Tsallake waɗannan abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da ƙara yawan farashin samarwa da ƙananan samfuran samfur.
| Tsallake mahimmancin | mahimmanci |
| Sauƙi | Yana rage rikitarwa da lokacin samarwa |
| Kayan aiki | Yana hana warping da nutsewa |
| Daftarin kusurwa | Yana sauƙaƙe cirewar saukarwa daga molds |
Sake dawowa
Kamar yadda dorewa ya fi mahimmanci, tsara samfuran pe don sake amfani da fifiko ne. Yin amfani da abu guda , kamar tsarkakakken HDPE ko LDPE , yana sa sake amfani da sauƙi. Kayan samfuran da suka rikitar da tsari kuma sau da yawa suna ƙarewa a cikin filaye. Tsara don Disassembly wani dabarun ne, inda aka gina kayayyaki don haka ana iya ɗauka da sauƙi don sake amfani. mai mahimmanci Share Share Abubuwa yana da mahimmanci kuma-shi yana taimaka wa Recylers gano da kuma matsalolin da ya kamata.
| Matsakaicin la'akari da | la'akari |
| Abu guda amfani | Sauƙaƙe sake dubawa |
| Tsara don Disassebly | Yana sauƙaƙe rushewar samfurin |
| Share abu mai kyau | Taimaka wajen rarrabuwa don tafiyar matakai |
Gwaji da ikon ingancin
Motocin gwajin
Gwajin na injin ya tabbatar da cewa samfuran pe sun hadu da karfin da ake buƙata da kuma ka'idojin radadi. Tenarfin ƙwayoyin ƙasa ya auna yawan kayan pro na iya tsayayya kafin karya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga samfuran kamar bututu ko kwalabe , inda al'amuran ƙira. Tasirin Gwaji yana kimanta kayan juriya game da sojojin kwatsam, tabbatar ba zai fasa ko ta rushe ba. A halin yanzu, gwajin karfin karfi na gwaji yana tantance nawa samfurin zai iya jimre tun kafin ya gaza, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman a cikin m per Ldpe.
| inji | na yau da kullun | aikace-aikace |
| Da tenerile | Auna juriya ga jan sojojin | Bututu, kwantena |
| Tasirin sakamako | Gwada kayan juriya game da tasirin kwatsam | Packaging, sassan motoci |
| Karfin karfi | Yana bibiyar yawan ƙarfin da zai iya sarrafawa | Mai watsa sassauƙa, fina-finai |
Misali, gwajin gwaje-gwajen na sama suna buƙatar haɗawa a cikin Adalcin kwalban Shirye-shiryen Kasuwanci .
Gwajin zafi
Don tabbatar da samfuran pe suna yin amfani da su sosai a yanayin yanayi daban-daban, gwajin zafi yana da mahimmanci. Daban-daban bincika Calorimetry (DSC) yana nuna nuna halin da ke nuna a ƙarƙashin zafi, taimakawa ƙayyade ma'anarsa da lu'ulu'u . Wannan shine mabuɗin don zabar nau'in da ya dace don mahalli mai zafi . Wani hanyar mai amfani shine mai binciken thermogravimetric (TGA) , wanda ke gwada kayan jikin mutum da kuma auna yawan nauyin da ya yi asara. Wannan yana taimaka wa masu masana'antun sun fahimci yadda kayan zasu yiwa a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Gwajin kemik
Produches samfuran sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da ƙuruciya masu tsauri, suna yin magunguna masu mahimmanci. Muhalli damuwa ta jurewa (Esrr) yana kimanta yadda kayan pe suke tsayayya da cin hanci da tasiri ga damuwa da kuma bayyanar da magunguna. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don samfuran da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ajiya na sunadarai ko wuraren waje , inda zasu iya kasancewa tare da abubuwa masu tayar da hankali. Esrr yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki, rage haɗarin gazawar duniya akan lokaci.
| Nau'in gwajin | kullun | na yau da |
| Bambancin bincika Calorimetry | Matakan narke mai narkewa da lu'ulu'u | Aikace-aikacen zafi |
| Tsarin bincike na Thermogratchetric | Yana kimanta kwanciyar hankali | Matsanancin yanayin yanayin zafi |
| Muhalli na damuwa | Gwada sunadarai da damuwa ta juriya | Adana na Cheme, kayayyakin waje |
Kammalawa: makomar filastik
Pe filastik abu ne mai tsari da fa'idodi da yawa. Tsabtarta da daidaitawa suna dacewa da aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Mabuan albarkatun PE sun hada da:
Koyaya, tare da ƙara yawan sharar filastik, daidaita amfani da masana'antu tare da hakkin muhalli yana da mahimmanci. Ana ci gaba da bidi'a a cikin sake amfani da madadin da za'a iya ci gaba zai taimaka a tabbatar da makomar ph yayin rage tasirin muhalli.
Tukwici: Kai mai son sha'awar dukkanin robobi
