Wigeze wibaza kuri plastike mumacupa yawe y'amazi? Birashoboka ko ari amatungo, ibikoresho byahinduye ibipfunyika. Kuva mu 1940, ibi bintu bifatika byahindutse inganda n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Muri iyi nyandiko, uziga kubyerekeye plastiki yamatungo, imitungo, ubwoko, porogaramu, nuburyo byatunganijwe nibindi nibindi.
Plastike ni iki?
Pet, ngufi kuri polyethylene telephthalate, ni polymockele nyinshi. Ni iy'umuryango wa polyester y'ibikoresho.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet), uzwi kandi na formula yayo ya chimique (c10h8o4) n , ni polymber polymer ikozwe mubice bibiri byingenzi:
Imiterere ya molekile ya polyethylene telephthalate
Izi molekile zihuza kugirango zikore igihe kirekire, zisubiramo iminyururu itanga amatungo imbaraga no guhinduka.
Nigute plastike ya plastike ikozwe?
Umusaruro wa plastike ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi. Bitangirana nibikoresho fatizo bikarangirana nuburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa.
Ibikoresho fatizo
Amatungo akozwe mubikoresho bibiri byibanze:
Ethylene Glycol (urugero) : ni amazi atagira ibara, adafite impumuro nziza. Urugero ukomoka kuri Ethylene, iva muri peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe.
Acide Terephthalic (TPA) cyangwa Dimethyl Terephthalate (DMT) : Ibi biva kuri P-XYolene, nabyo byabonetse kuri peteroli. TPA ikunze gukoreshwa kubera ikiguzi cyo hasi.
Inzira yo gupakira
Ibikoresho fatizo birimo inzira ebyiri zo murwego rwo hejuru kugirango ukore amatungo:
Gukomera cyangwa kwamburwa : urugero: urugero rwibasiwe na tpa (uburumbuke) cyangwa DMT (Transterimediction) kugirango ikore gis-hydroxyyethyl terephthalate (bhet) monomer. Iyi ntambwe ikuraho amazi cyangwa methanol nka kristu.
Polycondenation : Monomer Bhet yitabirana mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (hafi 280 ° C) na vacuum. Bakora amatungo maremare ya polymer. Ibicuruzwa byanyuma ni ugusebanya, hasizwe amatungo ya virusi.
Imitungo ya plastiki
Amatungo ya plastike yerekana ibintu byinshi. Ibi bintu bituma bikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Reka twinjire muburyo burambuye kuri buri cyiciro cyumutungo.
| Icyiciro cyumutungo | Ibisobanuro | / agaciro |
| Umutungo | Ubucucike | 1.3 G / CM⊃3 ;, TUR |
| Imiterere ya mashini | Imbaraga za Tensile | 55-75 MPA |
| Kurwanya ingaruka | Hejuru, irwanya kumena cyangwa kumenagura |
| Guhinduka | Nibyiza, birashobora kubumba muburyo butandukanye |
| Umutekano | Byiza, bikomeza imiterere munsi yubushyuhe nigitutu |
| Modulus | 2.0-2.7 GPA, igira uruhare mu gukomera |
| Imiterere yubushyuhe | Gushonga | 250-260 ° C. |
| Ubushyuhe bw'ikirahure (TG) | 70-80 ° C, Softens hejuru yuru rwego |
| Ubushyuhe bwogoshe ubushyuhe (HDT) | 65-80 ° C, ikomeza imiterere yubushyuhe buciriritse |
| Umutungo w'amashanyarazi | Insulation | Inzitizi nziza, ikomeye amashanyarazi |
| Imbaraga zimyidagaduro | Hejuru, ibereye kuri electoronike n'ibigize amashanyarazi |
| Ibintu bya Optique | Mu mucyo | Hejuru, yemerera urumuri kunyura nta kugoreka |
| Gusobanuka | Hejuru, byiza kubipakira |
| Kurwanya imiti | Kurwanya Ibitabo, Hydrocarbone, amavuta, hamwe na acide ivanze | Kurwanya bikomeye kumiti itandukanye |
| Inzitizi | Ogisijeni | Hasi, ikomeza ibirindiro bishya |
| Karubone dioxyde | Hasi, birinda gazi |
| Ubushuhe | Hejuru, irinda imyuka y'amazi kuva |
Umutungo
Imiterere ya mashini
Imbaraga za Tensile : Itungo rifite imbaraga ndende zigera kuri 80 MPA. Irashobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye zo kurambura.
Kurwanya ingaruka : Ifite ingaruka nziza, cyane cyane iyo yahinduwe hamwe ninyongera. Amatungo arashobora gukuramo imbaraga ku ngaruka ataka.
Guhinduka : amatungo arahinduka kuri plastiki. Irashobora kunama utavunitse, yemerera imiterere nibishushanyo bitandukanye.
Guhagarara hejuru : Bikubiyemo imiterere nubunini mubihe bisanzwe. Itungo rifite igipimo gito cyo kugabanuka, kwemeza ibipimo bihamye.
Modulus y'urubyiruko : Amatungo afite Modulus yo muri 2-4 GPA. Ibi byerekana gukomera no kurwanya imitekererezengishwa.
Imiterere yubushyuhe
Gushonga Ingingo : itungo rifite ingingo ya 260 ° C. Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru budashimishije cyangwa bishonga.
Ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho (TG) : TG yamatungo ni hafi 70 ° C. Munsi yubu bushyuhe, itungo rikomeye kandi ritoroshye. Hejuru ya TG, biragaragara cyane.
Ubushyuhe bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe (HDT) : Amatungo afite HDT ya 75 ° C munsi yumutwaro wa 0.45 MPA. Irashobora kubungabunga imiterere yabyo munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Umutungo w'amashanyarazi
Ubushishozi : Amatungo ni insulator nziza y'amashanyarazi. Ifite uruhare runini kumashanyarazi.
Imbaraga zimyidagaduro : Birashobora kwihanganira gradienle ndende ya voltage adakora amashanyarazi. Amatungo afite imbaraga zimirire ya 17 KV / MM.
Ibintu bya Optique
Gukorera mu mucyo : Amatungo arashobora gukorwa muburyo busobanutse, buboneye. Iremerera kugaragara neza yibirimo mugupakira.
Ibisobanuro : Amatungo afite ibisobanuro byiza, yemerera ubugenzuzi burambuye bwerekanwe. Bikoreshwa kenshi mumacupa asobanutse nibikoresho.
Kurwanya imiti
Kurwanya alcool, hydrocarbone, amavuta, hamwe na acide ivanze : amatungo arwanya imiti myinshi isanzwe. Irashobora kwihanganira guhura na alcool, amavuta, hamwe na aside idahwitse nta gutesha agaciro.
Inzitizi
Ogisijeni na karuboni dioxyde itukura : Amatungo afite inzitizi nziza kuri ogisijeni ya dioxyde ya ogisijeni na karuboni. Ifasha kubungabunga ibishya byibicuruzwa byapakiwe.
Kwihanganira ubuhehere : amatungo ararwana n'ubushuhe n'ubushuhe. Ikomeza imitungo n'imikorere yacyo mubidukikije.
Inganda zikoreshwa kumatungo
Amatungo ya plastike atanga ibikoresho byo gukora. Reka dusuzume ibintu byingenzi bihindura ibi bikoresho mubicuruzwa bya buri munsi.
Gutera inshinge
Gutera inshinge bihindura amatungo muburyo busobanutse. Dore uko ikora:
Gushonga Pet Resin (240-280 ° C)
Gutera invundo zoroheje munsi yigitutu kinini
Gukonjesha no gukomera
Urwenya
Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ngombwa. Iragira ingaruka ku gice cyiza no kuzunguruka.
Gusaba bisanzwe harimo:
Ibigize Imodoka
Ibikoresho byo gupakira
Inzu ya elegitoroniki
Guhubuka
Kurambura kwibumba ni ngombwa kugirango usaze amacupa. Inzira ikubiyemo:
Kora amatungo ateganijwe ukoresheje inshinge
Ubushyuhe
Kurambura no kumena umwuka ufunzwe
Gukonjesha muburyo bwiza
Ubu buryo butanga amacupa hamwe ninzitizi zurukuta rumwe. Nibyiza kuri:
Kuzamuka
Kwiyongera bitera impapuro na firime. Inzira:
Gushonga Pet (270-290 ° C)
Imbaraga zinyuramo
Gukonjesha no gukomera
Amatungo yagaragaye akoreshwa muri:
3D icapiro
Amatungo na Petg filaments bikunzwe mu gukora ibiyobyabwenge. Inyungu zirimo:
3D itungo ryacapwe rikoreshwa kuri:
Prototypes
Ibice byihariye
Ibishushanyo mbonera
Gushonga
Gushonga bitanga fibre yinyamanswa. Intambwe:
Gushonga
Extrude binyuze muri spinnerets
Gukonjesha no gukomera filaments
Kurambura kugirango uhuze iminyururu ya polymer
Izi fibre zikoreshwa muri:
Imyenda
Upholteri
Amatapi
Inganda zinganda
Buri gikorwa cyo gukora gitanga inyungu zidasanzwe. Bemerera amatungo guhura nigicuruzwa gitandukanye munganda.
Ubwoko bw'inyamanswa
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa plastike, buri kimwe gifite imitungo idasanzwe ituma ikwiye gusaba bitandukanye.
Amatungo ya Amurfuo (apet)
Amatungo ya Amurfuo (apet) azwiho gukorera mu mucyo kandi tlastique . Kuberako itabura imiterere ya kristalline, igikoresho gikomeza kugaragara kandi byoroshye, bituma bituma biba film nibipakurura byiza . Igishushanyo cyacyo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa bigaragara byoroshye binyuze mu gupakira, mugihe cyayo cyemerera kubumba byoroshye.
| Ibikoresho | by'umutungo |
| Mu mucyo | Hejuru |
| Elastique | Byoroshye kandi byabujijwe |
| Porogaramu | Filime, ibikoresho byo gupakira |
Petg (itungo rya Glycol-ryahinduwe)
Petg ni verisiyo yahinduwe yinyamanswa hamwe na Glycol yongeyeho mugihe cyimikorere yagaya. Ibi bitanga imbaraga no gutunganya , kugirango byoroshye kubumba no gutunganya ugereranije ninyamanswa isanzwe. Petage akoreshwa mugukoresha mubice bya tekiniki hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye byo gupakira kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ingaruka mugihe usigaye byoroshye.
| Ibiranga | Petg |
| Gukomera | Hejuru, guhangayikishwa n'ingaruka |
| Gahunda | Byoroshye kubumba no gushiraho |
| Porogaramu | Ibice bya tekiniki, gupakira |
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri petage, urashobora kugenzura ubuyobozi kuri Petg ni iki.
Amatungo yatunganijwe (RPEPT)
Amatungo asubizwamo (RPEPT) akozwe mu bicuruzwa bya Pet-Abaguzi nk'amacupa n'ibipfunyika. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya itanga inyungu zingenzi zishingiye ku bidukikije , kugabanya gukenera umusaruro wa plastiki w'isugi. RPPpe igumana imitungo myinshi yinyamanswa kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumyenda , amacupa mashya , nibindi bicuruzwa. Gukoresha RWOPT igabanya ibiciro kandi ifasha kugabanya imyanda ya plastike.
| Inyungu | Igikoresho (RPEPT) |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Kugabanya ingufu zikoresha, imyanda idahwitse |
| Porogaramu | Imyenda, amacupa, gupakira, itapi |
Fibre
Fibre yashizweho kuzunguruka gusa muburyo bwo Izi fibre ziraramba, zirwanya intoki, kandi byoroshye kubitaho, kubatera ibyambaye imyenda, upholsters, n'amatapi. Byongeye kandi, fibre yinyamanswa itanga imbaraga no guhinduka kugirango ukoreshe imyenda yinganda.
| Imitungo | ya fibre |
| Kuramba | Hejuru, ndende-ndende mumyenda |
| Porogaramu | Imyenda, upholteri, imyenda yinganda |
Gusaba Plastike
Amatungo ya plastike aratandukanye, kubona imikoreshereze mu nganda nyinshi ikomeza imbaraga, bisobanutse, no kugarura. Reka dusuzume bimwe mubisabwa.
Gupakira
Amatungo ni yo guhitamo ibisubizo bitandukanye bipakira kubera gukorera mu mucyo, kuramba, kuramba, hamwe n'imiterere ya bariyeri.
Ibiryo n'ibinyobwa : amacupa y'amatungo n'ibibindi bikomeza ibinyobwa bishya mu gukumira ogisijeni kwinjira.
Kwisiga kandi byita kugiti cyawe: Ubumvikane bwamatungo byerekana ibicuruzwa hamwe nimiterere, bigatuma ari byiza guhangayikishwa na cream.
Gupakira imiti : Inyamanswa ikoreshwa kubalis hamwe nibikoresho, kubungabunga umutekano no kubungabunga ubusugire bwibicuruzwa.
Gutereranya kuri Unuo 60ml 100ml kare kare ya plastike ya plastike Icupa rya
| porogaramu | Ibihe |
| Ibiryo & Ibinyobwa | Ikoreshwa kumacupa y'amazi, amacupa ya soda, n'ibibindi |
| Gupakira | Amavuta, amavuta, nibindi bintu byita kugiti cyawe |
| Gupakira imiti | Amapaki ya Blister, amacupa yibinini, nibindi byinshi |
Imyenda
Fibre yinyamanswa iramba kandi ikoreshwa cyane munganda.
Imyambarire n'imyambaro : Fibre yinyamanswa ihinduka imyenda ya polyester, kora imyenda iramba kandi ifite inkeka.
Ibikoresho byo murugo : Fibre yinyamanswa ikoreshwa mu umwenda , gutakaza , no hejuru, itanga igihe kirekire no koroshya kubungabunga.
Inganda zinganda : Gukoresha inganda zirimo imikandara, muyunguruzi, hamwe nibikoresho byumutekano kubera imbaraga nyinshi.
Ubuvugizi bwa plastics
Amatungo akoreshwa mugukora ibice birambye kandi byizewe.
Ibice by'imodoka : itungo riva mu bice nk'umukandara w'intebe, ibice by'imitsi, n'ibikoresho bya mu kirere.
Ibigize amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki : ibintu byayo byo kwigarurira bikora amatungo kuri chatle na conners.
Imashini nibikoresho : Amatungo akoreshwa mubikoresho, kwivuza, no kurya kugirango ahanganye kwambara.
Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
Itungo rifite uruhare rukomeye mu nganda z'ubuzima, cyane cyane mu bidukikije.
STRICAL SUTURE : Fibre yinyamanswa ikoreshwa mu buryo bushobora kubakwa kandi budashidikanywaho, bugenga imbaraga no guhinduka.
Ibikoresho bifatika : Pet ni biocompbleble, bituma biba byiza kubikoresho bifatika.
Gupakira ubuvuzi : Amatungo aremeza ko gupakira sterile kubikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho.
Film hamwe nimpapuro
Amatungo akoreshwa cyane mumusaruro wa firime kubera ko asobanutse n'imbaraga.
Filime zo gupakira : Iyi firime itanga inzitizi nziza yo gupakira ibiryo, kurinda ubushuhe na gaze.
Filime zumuzingo : Filime zinyamanswa zikoreshwa mubyangombwa no gupakira kugirango birinde kwambara no gutanyagura.
Ibishushanyo mbonera no gucapa : Filime zinyamanswa zitanga iramba rikenewe kubishushanyo-ubuziranenge, byemeza ko ugumana amabara n'ubukari.
3D icapiro
Amatungo na Petg nibikoresho bizwi muri 3D gucapa bitewe no koroshya no kuramba.
Amatungo na Petg Filaments : Iyi filaments irakomeye kandi ihindagurika, ikoreshwa muburyo bwa prototyping nibice bikora.
Ibice bya prototyping nibice : Kuramba kwa Petg no kurwanduka bituma bituma bituma bitanga ibitekerezo byibice byihariye hamwe nibisabwa byisi.
Kuvanga amatungo hamwe nandi polymers
Guhuza amatungo hamwe nibindi polymers byongera imikorere yayo, bigatuma bikwiranye no gusaba byinshi. Reka dusuzume uburyo amatungo avanze n'ibintu, abantwaro, na reberi kugirango batezimbere ubupfura, guhinduka, no kuramba.
Imbuga
Kuvanga amatungo hamwe na thermoplastique nka polyethylene (pe) , polycarmone , (PP) , na Acylonike Styrene styrene (ABS) itezimbere ubukana no guhinduka. Izi mvange ni nziza kubisabwa bisaba imbaraga, kuramba, no kurwanya ingaruka.
Pet / Pe Blusnds : Kongera guhinduka no gukomera, akenshi bikoreshwa mubipaki nibice byinganda.
PET / PC BLEANS : Kongera kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nimbaraga za mashini, bigatuma bikwiranye nibice byimodoka.
Amatungo / PP yavanze : Ongera kurwanya ingaruka, bisanzwe mubicuruzwa byimodoka nibigo.
Amatungo / Abs Blends : Kunoza uburemere no guhinduka, byiza kubaguzi ba elegitoroniki.
| THEMMOPPOSTIC YASUBIZE | Z'INGENZI | INYANDIKO |
| Amatungo / pe | Kunoza guhinduka, gukomera | Gupakira, Ibice by'inganda |
| Amatungo / pc | Kurwanya ubushyuhe, imbaraga | Ibigize Imodoka, Electoronics |
| Amatungo / pp | Kurwanya ingaruka | Automotive, ibicuruzwa byo murugo |
| Amatungo / abs | Gukomera, guhinduka | Amashanyarazi Yamashanyarazi, Castions |
THERMOSES
Iyo uvanze hamwe na thermoset zisohoka nka epoxy , polyester , hamwe nibisobanuro byanduye , amatungo yongerewe imitungo yubushyuhe na marike. Izi mvange ziratunganye kubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nibisabwa bisaba kuramba igihe kirekire.
Amatungo / epoxy arnds : Tanga umutekano mwiza wubushyuhe, akenshi ukoreshwa mubice no kwishishoza.
Amatungo / Polyester avanze : Kunoza imbaraga ningaruka zo kurwanya imiti, ingirakamaro mumodoka ningengabihe.
Pet / Dehenicas Resin Blends : Kongera imbaraga za flame hamwe nimbaraga zubukanishi, bituma biba byiza kubice byamashanyarazi nibidukikije.
| THERMOSES BLED GUKORA | INYANDIKO | ZIKURIKIRA |
| Amatungo / epoxy | Ubushyuhe buhamye, insulation | Amashanyarazi, Amashanyarazi |
| Amatungo / polyester | Imbaraga Imbaraga, Kurwanya imiti | Automotive, Aerospace |
| Amatungo / Ibicuruzwa bya Penolic | Flame Redaring, imbaraga za mashini | Ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibibazo byinshi |
Rubber
Guhuza amatungo hamwe na reberi nka Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) na Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) yongera kuramba no kurwanya kwambara no gutanyagura. Izi mvange ni ingirakamaro cyane muri porogaramu zisaba guhinduka no kurwanya cyane amavuta n'imiti.
Amatungo / NBR ukomoka : Kongera amavuta yo kurwanya peteroli no guhinduka, bikunze gukoreshwa muri kashe na gaske.
Amatungo / SBR BLEANDS : Tanga iherezo ryiza ningaruka, bikoreshwa mumapine yimodoka hamwe na hose yinganda.
| Rubber | lund | |
| Amatungo / nbr | Kurwanya peteroli, guhinduka | Ikidodo, gaskes, gusiga |
| Amatungo / sbr | Kuramba, Kurwanya ingaruka | Amapine yimodoka, porogaramu zinganda |
Kugereranya amatungo hamwe nandi polymers
Amatungo atanga ihuriro ryihariye ryimitungo, ariko nigute ikora irwanya ibindi bya plastiki bikunze gukoreshwa? Reka tugereranye itungo hamwe nandi polymers izwi cyane ukurikije imbaraga, guhinduka, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije, nibindi byinshi.
Amatungo vs Polypropylene (pp)
Amatungo afite imbaraga nimikorere ugereranije na PolyproPylene (pp) . Mugihe itungo rikoreshwa cyane mugupakira neza, PP mubisanzwe irahinduka kandi ikoreshwa mubisabwa nkimyenda hamwe nibice byimodoka . Amatungo meza ya bariyeri bituma bihitamo amacupa nibipfunyika ibiryo aho bigaragara kandi bishya ari ngombwa.
| Umutungo | pp | w'amatungo |
| Imbaraga | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Mu mucyo | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Porogaramu | Amacupa, gupakira neza | Imyenda, ibice byimodoka |
Amatungo vs Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Amatungo atanga myiza ya chimique imiti no gukorera mu mucyo ugereranije Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , ihinduka cyane ariko itagira urugwiro. PVC ifite iramba ryiza mubikoresho byubwubatsi nkumuyoboro n'amadirishya, naho amatungo atoneshwa no gupakira mu bikoresho byo gupakira ibiribwa no gusaba ubuvuzi kubera kamere yayo. Ibirimo bya CVC bizamura ibibazo by'ibidukikije mugihe cyo gukora no kujugunya.
| Umutungo | pvc | w'amatungo |
| Kurwanya imiti | Byiza | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Guhinduka | Igice cya Rigid | Hejuru iyo yashyizwe hejuru |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Munsi | Hejuru, kubera ibirimo chlorine |
| Porogaramu | Gupakira, ibikoresho byubuvuzi | Imiyoboro, insinga, idirishya |
Amatungo vs Umuhengeri-Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (HDPE)
Ugereranije na menshi ya Polyethylene (HDPE) , Amatungo aruta asobanutse no gukorera mu mucyo , bigatuma bishoboka ko ibikoresho bisobanutse nk'amacupa y'amazi. Ariko, HDPE irahanganira guhangayikishwa no gukoreshwa cyane mugusaba hanze nka pipes hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika. Ibikoresho byombi birasubirwamo cyane, ariko uburyo bwamatungo bukwiranye nibyiza kubiryo n'ibinyobwa.
| Umutungo | hdpe | w'amatungo |
| Gusobanuka | Hejuru, byiza kubipakira | Opaque |
| Guhangayikishwa | Kurwanya hasi | Kurwanya Hejuru |
| Recyclability | Hejuru, rusange | Hejuru, ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye |
Amatungo vs Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate (PC) Impoza itungo mubijyanye no kurwanya ingaruka , kugirango bikwiranye nibikoresho byirahuri nibikoresho byumutekano . Ariko, amatungo afite uv yo kurwanya UV meza , bigatuma bihamye mugusaba hanze nta bindi biyongereye. Itungo naryo rikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika ibiryo kubera gukorera mu mucyo na kamere yayo, mugihe PC isanga ikoreshwa muburyo bwa optique nibice byimodoka.
| PC | PC | PC |
| Kurwanya ingaruka | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
| UV Kurwanya UV | Hejuru | Bisaba uv stabilizers |
| Porogaramu | Gupakira ibiryo, amacupa y'ibinyobwa | Ibikoresho byumutekano, disiki nziza |
Amatungo vs Biaxited Polypropylene (bopp)
Iyo ugereranije n'ibipimo bya mbere polypropylene (bopp) , itungo bifite indorerezi nziza kuri ogisijeni nubushuhe , bigatuma ari byiza ku bicuruzwa birebire . bopp , itanga Ku rundi ruhande, ibihano byinshi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubirango no gupakira byoroshye . zitanga Imbaraga zamatungo impande muri porogaramu zisaba kuramba no gukomera.
| Umutungo | bopp | w'amatungo |
| Inzitizi | Nibyiza kuri ogisijeni nubushuhe | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Imbaraga za Tensile | Hejuru | Munsi |
| Kurwanya Kurwanya | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru, nziza kubipfunyika byoroshye |
Kuramba no gutunganya amatungo
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije
Amatungo yo hanze yirahuri na aluminium muburyo bwingufu. Dore impamvu:
Umucyo woroshye: bisaba ko lisansi make yo gutwara
Ikomeye: ibintu bike bikenewe mugupakira
Coefficial nkeya: Komeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa
Inyungu z'ibidukikije:
Inzira yo gutunganya amatungo
Inzira ebyiri nyamukuru zisubiramo amatungo:
Gutunganya imashini:
Gusubiramo imiti:
RPEPT (itungo risubirwamo) risanga gukoresha muri:
Amacupa mashya
Fibre
Gupakira ibiryo
Ibarurishamibare ku isi
Ibiciro byamatungo Gusubiramo kwisi yose:
| ibipimo | Urugero rwo gutunganya |
| Amerika | 31% |
| Uburayi | 52% |
Icyumba cyo gutera imbere kwisi yose. Uburezi n'ibikorwa remezo bikina inshingano zingenzi.
Imbaraga zirambye
Gukoresha Rpepe bitanga inyungu zikomeye:
Kugabanya umusaruro wa plastiki
Kugabanya ibirenge bya karubon
Gushyigikira ubukungu buzenguruka
Ibikorwa by'ibigo bitwara amatungo:
Gutanga Ibihimbano (650.000+ byatanzwe)
Kuzamura ibikoresho byo gutunganya
Kwigisha abaguzi kubisubiramo bikwiye
Izi mbaraga zigamije kongera icyegeranyo cyamatungo. Intego? Mubarebe mumacupa mashya.
Umutekano n'amabwiriza ya plastiki
Gukoresha amatungo gukoresha ibipimo byumutekano bukomeye. Reka dusuzume amabwiriza yemeza neza.
Isuzuma ry'umutekano mu biribwa
Amatungo yatsinze cyane kubona ibiryo. Ibyingenzi:
Ibikoresho bya inert: ntabwo yitwara ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa
Abimukira Muke: Ihererekanyabubasha ryibiryo
Nta ngaruka zizwi z'ubuzima iyo zikoreshwa nkuko byateganijwe
Icyemezo cy'isi
Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura kwisi yose zemeje itungo ryo kubona ibiryo:
| y'ibigo | Intara |
| Fda | Amerika |
| Efsa | Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi |
| Ubuzima Kanada | Kanada |
Ubu bwenge bugaragaza umutekano w'amatungo mubisabwa byibiribwa.
Gusaba Ubuvuzi Umutekano
Gukoresha amatungo mubikoresho byubuvuzi birashingwa neza. Ihabwa agaciro:
BiocompaTity: ntabwo bitera reaction mbi mumubiri
Sterilizatishoboye: irashobora guhonyora nta gutesha agaciro
Kuramba: Komeza ubunyangamugayo mu bidukikije
Ikoreshwa ry'ubuvuzi rusange harimo suture yo kubaga n'ibikoresho bifatika.
Kumenyekanisha
Itungo rihura n'amabwiriza atandukanye ku isi:
Kugera (EU): Kwiyandikisha no kubahiriza
Rohs: ntabwo ikubiyemo ibintu bibujijwe
Icyemezo 65 (Californiya): Nta ngaruka zizwi ku nzego zisanzwe zo kwerekana
ICYITONDERWA CY'INGENZI:
Aya mabwiriza yemeza umutekano w'amatungo kuri porogaramu n'uturere bitandukanye.
Kuzinga
Amatungo ya plastike agira uruhare rukomeye mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Imbaraga zayo, guhinduka, no gutunganya bituma bihuza porogaramu nyinshi, uhereye kubipfunyika imyenda. Mugusobanukirwa imitungo yinyamanswa, turashobora guhitamo neza kuburyo dukoresha no kujugunya. Reka dukomeze gushyira imbere ibikorwa byo gutunganya no kurara mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.
INAMA: Birashoboka ko ushobora kuba ushishikajwe na plastique yose
