Polimamide, mubisanzwe bizwi nka Nylon, biri hose. Duhereye ku bice by'imodoka ku bicuruzwa by'umuguzi, gukoresha ntibigira iherezo. Yavumbuwe na Wallace Carothers, ibikoresho bya Nylon byahinduwe siyanse. Kuki ikoreshwa cyane? Inganda zishimishije zo guhangana, imiterere yoroheje, kandi ituze ryumuriro ryijimye rituma ingirakamaro munganda zitandukanye.
Muri iyi nyandiko, uzamenya kubwoko bwabo butandukanye, imitungo idasanzwe, hamwe nibisabwa mugari. Menya impamvu pa phostics ikomeje kuba umukino uhindura mugukora inganda zigezweho.
Ni ubuhe Polyemide (PA) plastike?
Polyide (PA) plastike, akenshi yitwa Nylon, ni ikibuga cyubwumvikane. Birazwi kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe, kuramba, no kurwanya kwambara no kwimiti. Kugira ngo wumve itandukaniro riri hagati ya Polyamide na Nylon, urashobora kwerekeza ku ngingo yacu kuri Itandukaniro riri hagati ya polyamide na nylon.
Imiti n'imiterere
P Plastike irangwa no gusubiramo burumye (-Amafaranga ihuza mumiterere yabo ya molekelar. Ihuza rigize imbuto zikomeye hagati yiminyururu ya polymer, zitanga pazo.
Imiterere y'ibanze ya Polyamide isa n'ibi:
- [NH-CO-R-NH-CO-R '-
Hano, R na R 'byerekana amatsinda atandukanye, kugena ubwoko bwihariye bwa PA.
Monomers ikoreshwa mu musaruro wa PA
Pa phostique ni synthesied ukoresheje monomers zitandukanye. Akenshi harimo:
Caprolactam: Byakoreshejwe Kuri PA 6
Hexamethylemenine na acide acide: ikoreshwa kuri pa 66
11-acidecanoic acide: ikoreshwa muri pa 11 umusaruro
Laugaralactam: Byakoreshejwe Kuri PA 12
Gusobanukirwa sisitemu ya PA
Wigeze wibaza uko iyo mibare iri muburyo bwa PA bivuze? Reka tubicishene:
Umubare umwe (urugero, Pa 6): yerekana umubare wa atome ya karubone muri monomer
Umubare wikubye kabiri (urugero, pa 66): werekana atome ya karubone muri buri monomeri ebyiri zikoreshwa
Uburyo bwa Synthesis ya Polyamide (PA) plastiki
Polside (PA) plastike, cyangwa nylons, ihujwe nuburyo butandukanye bwiga cyane, buri kintu kibangamira imitungo yabo no gukoresha. Uburyo bubiri busanzwe ni colybyizazation hamwe no gufungura amakimbirane. Reka dusuzume uko iyi nzira ikora.
Compensation Poly Heriryation
Ubu buryo bumeze nkimbyino zimiti hagati yabafatanyabikorwa babiri: diacide na diamine. Babyitwaramo mubihe byihariye, gutakaza amazi muribintu. Igisubizo? Iminyururu ndende ya Nylon Polymers.
Dore uko ikora:
DIacide na diamine bivanze mubice bingana.
Ubushyuhe burakoreshwa, bigatera reaction.
Molekile y'amazi irekurwa (umwuma).
Iminyururu ya polymer ikora kandi ikure igihe kirekire.
Imyitwarire irakomeje kugeza uburebure bwuruhande rwifuzwa bugerwaho.
Urugero rwibanze rwubu buryo ni umusaruro wa Pa 66. Byakozwe muguhuza hexamethyleSine na aside ya adipike.
Inyungu zingenzi zo guhuza cyane:
Kugenzura neza imiterere ya polymer
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwa pa
Ugereranije ibintu byoroshye
Impeta-gufungura polymeiriryation
Ubu buryo ni nko kwanga uruziga rwa molecular. Ikoresha monomer ya cyclic, nka caprolactam, kurema p plastiki.
Inzira ikubiyemo:
Gushyushya monomer ya cyclic (urugero, caprolactam kuri Pa 6).
Ongeraho umusemburo kugirango wihute reaction.
Kumena impeta.
Guhuza impeta yafunguwe kugirango ikore iminyururu miremire ya polymer.
Impeta-Gufungura PolyMorization ingirakamaro cyane mugukora pa 6 na Pa 12.
Ibyiza byubu buryo burimo:
Isuku yo hejuru yibicuruzwa byanyuma
Gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ubwoko bwa pa
Inzira zombi zifite imbaraga zabo zidasanzwe. Guhitamo biterwa nubwoko bwa pasifu na porogaramu yagenewe.
Ubwoko bwa Polyamide (PA) plastiki
Polsidide (PA) plastiki iza muburyo butandukanye, buriwese atanga imitungo idasanzwe ishingiye kumiterere ya molekeri. Ubu bwoko bushyirwa ahanini muri Aliphatic, igice cya Semi-Aromatiya, na Aromadiya. Reka twinjire muburyo busanzwe.
Aliphatic Polyamide
Ubu ni ubwoko bwa pabo. Bazwiho gusobanuka kwabo no gukoresha amanota menshi.
Pa 6 (nylon 6)
Pa 66 (Nylon 66)
Pa 11 (Nylon 11)
Pa 12 (Nylon 12)
Pa 6-10 (Nylon 6-10)
Pa 4-6 (Nylon 4-6)
Politiki yo gushonga cyane muri polyamide (295 ° C)
Ubushyuhe budasanzwe na Mechanical
Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi
Igice cya Semi-Aromatiya (Polyphthalamide, PPA)
Ppas ikiza icyuho hagati ya alphatic na aromatiya. Batanga:
Aromatiya Polyamide (Themide)
Ibikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru biratara:
Icyamamare cya AMUMS kizwi cyanemo Kevlar na Nomex.
Dore igereranya ryihuse ryimitungo yingenzi:
| PA Ubwoko bwo | gufunga ingingo (° C) | mubushuhe | Kwinjiza |
| Pa 6 | 223 | Hejuru | Byiza |
| Pa 66 | 255 | Hejuru | Byiza |
| Pa 11 | 190 | Hasi | Byiza |
| Pa 12 | 178 | Hasi cyane | Byiza |
| Ppa | 310+ | Hasi | Nibyiza cyane |
| Amide | 500+ | Hasi cyane | Byiza |
Imitungo ya Polyamide (PA)
| Umutungo wa Plastike | Aliphatic Polyamide | igice kimwe cya kabiri cya Polyamide | Aromadiya |
| Kwambara kurwanya | Hejuru, cyane cyane muri Pa 66 na Pa 6. | Hejuru ya Aliphatic Pas. | Byiza mubihe bikabije. |
| Ubushyuhe | Nibyiza, kugeza 150 ° C (PA 66). | Ibyiza, kugeza 200 ° C. | Bidasanzwe, kugeza kuri 500 ° C. |
| Imbaraga | Nibyiza, birashobora kwiyongera kubaroha. | Hejuru ya Aliphatic Pas. | Hejuru cyane, ikoreshwa mugusaba porogaramu. |
| Gukomera | Nibyiza cyane, pa 11 na Pa 12 birahinduka. | Byiza, bikomeye. | Hasi, keretse byahinduwe. |
| Imbaraga | Hejuru, cyane cyane muri Pa 6 na Pa 11. | Nibyiza, munsi gato ugereranije na pasiki. | Hasi, keretse byahinduwe. |
| Guterana amagambo | Hasi, byiza cyane kunyerera. | Hasi cyane, byiza byo kwambara ibidukikije. | Hasi, yihesha agaciro. |
| Kurwanya imiti | Nibyiza, cyane cyane muri Pa 11 na Pa 12. | Isumba pasika ya Aliphatic Pas. | Byiza, birwanya cyane. |
| Kwishyiriraho | Hejuru muri Pa 6/66, hepfo muri pa 11/12. | Hasi, uhagaze mubushuhe. | Hasi cyane, kurwanya cyane. |
| Inshinge z'amashanyarazi | Byiza, byakoreshejwe cyane. | Byiza, munsi gato. | Byiza, ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo hejuru. |
| Gukandagura | Nibyiza, cyane cyane muri Pa 6 na Pa 11. | Giciriritse, ikwiranye no gukoresha imiterere. | Abakene, keretse byahinduwe. |
| Kunyerera | Nibyiza, cyane cyane muri Pa 6 na Pa 66. | Byiza, byiza byo kwimuka. | Bidasanzwe munsi yo guhangayika. |
| Kurwanya Ubushyuhe | Kugera kuri 150 ° C (PA 66), hejuru hamwe no guhindura. | Ibyiza, kugeza 200 ° C. | Indashyikirwa, kugeza kuri 500 ° C. |
| UV Kurwanya UV | Hasi, pa 12 akeneye guhindura imikoreshereze yo hanze. | Giciriritse, cyiza kuruta Pasika. | Hasi, akeneye inyongeramusaruro. |
| Flame redibant | Irashobora guhinduka kugirango yubahirizwe. | Bisanzwe birenze urugero. | Irwanya cyane. |
| Umutekano | Ikunda kwikuramo ubushuhe, gihamye muri Pa 11/12. | Isumba izindi, kwinjiza mu buryo buke. | Byiza, bihamye cyane. |
| Kurwanya Abrosion | Hejuru, cyane cyane muri Pa 66 na Pa 6. | Byiza kuruta amanota ya Aliphatic. | Bidasanzwe, byiza byo guterana amagambo. |
| Kurwanya Umunaniro | Nibyiza mubisabwa. | Isumba izindi, cyane cyane mu guhangayika. | Hejuru, ikoreshwa mu gihe kirekire, imihangayiko miremire. |
Guhindura Polyamide
Polside (PA) plastiki irashobora guhindurwa kugirango yongere imitungo yabo kubisabwa byihariye. Reka turebe kubihindura bimwe.
Ibirahuri fibre
Ikirahure cyikirahure cyongeweho kugirango utezimbere imbaraga, gukomera, no gutuza igipimo cya P Plastike. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mubikorwa byimodoka ninganda, aho byiyongereye ari ngombwa.
| INGARUKA | |
| Imbaraga | Kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro |
| Gukomera | Kuzamura bikomeye |
| Umutekano | Kugabanya kugabanuka no kurwana |
CARBON FIBLE GUKOMEZA
Ongeraho fibre za karubone zitezimbere imitungo nubushyuhe bwa polyamide. Nibyiza kubice byimikorere bihuye nibibazo cyangwa ubushyuhe, nkibigize AeroSpace.
| INGARUKA | |
| Imbaraga za mashini | Kunoza kurwanya ubukana |
| Ubushyuhe | Gutandukana gushya |
Lubriring
Lubriricants igabanya amakimbirane no kunoza kwambara mugusaba nkibikoresho n'ibikoresho. Mu kugabanya guterana amagambo, pa phostike birashobora kugera kubikorwa byoroshye kandi bikiriho mubuzima.
| INGARUKA | |
| Kugabanuka kw'amakimbirane | Kunoza kwambara |
| Igikorwa cyoroshye | Kongera imikorere no gutandukana |
UV stabilizers
UV stabirizars yororoka kuramba kwa polyamide mubidukikije byo hanze abarinda kwangirika kwa ultraviolet. Ibi nibyingenzi mugusaba hanze nka aiméotive yimodoka cyangwa ibikoresho byo hanze.
| INGARUKA | |
| UV Kurwanya UV | Igihe kirekire cyo hanze |
| Kugabanya gutesha agaciro | Imikorere myiza munsi yizuba |
Ikirangantego
Umutuku wa Flame wemeza Polyamide Ibipimo byumutekano wumuriro mumashanyarazi na Automotive. Iyi miterere ituma pa ibereye gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho kurwanya umuriro ari ngombwa.
| INGARUKA | |
| Kurwanya Flame | Umutekano mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ahantu hateganijwe |
| Kubahiriza | Guhura Amabwiriza Yumutekano Yumuriro |
Ingaruka
Ingaruka Guhindura Yongereye ubukana bwa Polyamide, bikabashishikariza gucika intege munsi yubushake bukomeye. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro cyane muri porogaramu aho ibice bigira ingaruka nyinshi, nko mubikoresho bya siporo cyangwa imashini zinganda.
| INGARUKA | |
| Kwiyongera gukomera | Kurwanya neza Ingaruka no Gucika |
| Kuramba | Ubuzima bwagutse mubihe bibi |
Gutunganya uburyo bwa polyimide (pa) plastiki
Polyide (PA) plastiki irashobora gutunganywa ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe gikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Reka dusuzume tekinike nyamukuru yo gutunganya.
Gutera inshinge
Gutera inshinge bikoreshwa cyane mugutanga ibice bya pa ibice bitewe nuburiro bwabwo bukabije kandi bubi. Inzira isaba kugenzura ubushyuhe bwitondewe, yumisha, nibihe bya mold.
Ubushyuhe : Pa 6 Irasaba ubushyuhe bwa shot ya 240-270 ° C, mugihe pa 66 ikenera 270-300 ° C.
Kuma : Kuma neza ni ngombwa kugirango ugabanye ibintu byubushuhe munsi ya 0.2%. Ubushuhe burashobora kuganisha ku nenge nk'ibimenyetso by'ibice kandi bigabanye imitungo.
Ubushyuhe bwa Mold : Ubushyuhe bwiza bwa mold buva kuri 55-80 ° C, bitewe nubwoko bwa pasi nigice.
| PA Andika | ubushyuhe | bwumye ibisabwa | kubumba |
| Pa 6 | 240-270 ° C. | <0.2% | 55-80 ° C. |
| Pa 66 | 270-300 ° C. | <0.2% | 60-80 ° C. |
Kubindi bisobanuro kubipimo byo gutesha agaciro, urashobora gusanga ingingo yacu kuri gutunganya ibipimo byo gutera inshinge bifasha.
Ibipimo
Kwiyongera nubundi buryo busanzwe bwo gutunganya Pa, cyane cyane mugushiraho imiterere ikomeza nka tubes, imiyoboro, na firime. Ubu buryo busaba ibintu byihariye kumanota menshi ya polyamide. Kugirango wumve itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukanguka no gutera inshinge, urashobora kwerekeza kugereranya kwacu inshinge ziva ku miterere ya vs.
| ngenderwaho | byasabwe gushiraho |
| Screw l / d | 20-30 |
| Pa 6 yubushyuhe bwo gutunganya | 240-270 ° C. |
| Pa 66 Ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya | 270-290 ° C. |
3D Icapira
Guhitamo Laser Ikibanza (SLS) ni tekinike ya 3D izwi cyane kuri polyamide. Ikoresha laser muri center yifu yifuze player of the layer, ikora ibice bigoye nibice. SLL ni nziza kuri prototyping hamwe numusaruro muto cyane kuko ukuraho ibikenewe. Kubindi bisobanuro kuri 3D icapiro nuburyo rigereranya uburyo gakondo bwo gukora, reba ingingo yacu kuri ni 3d gucapa gusimbuza inshinge.
Inyungu : SLS yemerera kurema ibishushanyo byimico, bigabanya imyanda yibintu, kandi byoroshye cyane kubishusho.
Porogaramu : Bikunze gukoreshwa mumodoka, aerospace, nubuvuzi bwubuvuzi kubice byihuse bya prototyping nibice bikora.
| 3D Uburyo bwo Gucapa | Ibyiza |
| Guhitamo laser clenter (sls) | Ubushishozi buke, ntabumbabya busabwa |
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri tekinoroji yihuta prototupiri, ushobora gusanga ingingo yacu kuri Nibihe bintu biranga ikoranabuhanga ryimikorere ya rapid nziza.
Ubwoko bw'umubiri bwa Polyamide (PA) ibicuruzwa
Polyamide (PA) ibicuruzwa biva muburyo butandukanye. Buri fomu ifite ibintu byihariye na porogaramu. Reka dusuzume imiterere itandukanye ya PA:
Pellet
Pellet nuburyo bukunze kugaragara bwa pa
Ni bato, silindrike, cyangwa ibice bya disiki
Pellet mubisanzwe igipimo 2-5mm muri diameter
Bakoreshwa cyane cyane mugutera imibariro
Ifu
PA poweri ifite ubunini bwiza, kuva kuri microns 10-200
Bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, nka:
Granules
Granules ni nini cyane kuruta pellet
Bapima 4-8mm muri diameter
Granules biroroshye kugaburira imashini ziyongera ugereranije na powderi
Batezimbere ibintu byoroshye mugihe cyo gutunganya
ikomeye
PA irashobora guhindurwa muburyo butandukanye
Impapuro zisanzwe zirimo inkoni, amasahani, hamwe nibice byateguwe
Iyi miterere yaremwe uhereye kubikoresho bya PA
Batanga ibisobanuro kubisabwa nibishushanyo
| Ifishi | Ingano | Imiterere |
| Pellet | 2-5mm diameter | Gutera inshinge |
| Ifu | Microns 10-200 | Guhindura imbogamizi, ifu ya powder, SLS 3D icapiro |
| Granules | 4-8mm | Inzira yo kuzamuka |
| Ibibi | Imiterere itandukanye | Ibice byafashwe hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera byihariye |
Polsity ya Polyamide (PA) plastiki
Polyide (PA) plastike iratandukanye, bikaba ngombwa muburyo butandukanye. Imbaraga zayo, kurwanya imiti, hamwe nigihero bitanga inyungu mubidukikije byinshi bisaba.
Inganda zimodoka
Mu rwego rw'imodoka, polmamide ikoreshwa mubice byinshi bikomeye. Ibice bya moteri, sisitemu ya lisansi, hamwe namashanyarazi byishingikiriza kuri pa plastiki kubera kurwanya ubushyuhe, imbaraga, no kuramba.
| INYUNGU | Z'INGENZI |
| Ibigize moteri | Kurwanya ubushyuhe, imbaraga |
| Sisitemu ya lisansi | Kurwanya imiti, kurekurwa |
| Abashitsi b'amashanyarazi | Amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe |
Inganda
Igenamiterere ry'inganda rikoresha inyungu za Polyemide no kurwanya imitungo mike. Kwitwaza, ibikoresho, indangagaciro, hamwe n'ikidodo cyakozwe muri Pa biraramba, kugabanya amakimbirane, no gukora neza mu bihe bidahangayitse.
| INYUNGU | Z'INGENZI |
| Kwikorera n'ibikoresho | Kwambara kurwanya, guterana amagambo make |
| Indangagaciro na kashe | Imiti no kurwanya imashini |
Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi
Duhereye ku bikoresho bya siporo mubintu bya buri munsi, Polmamide ikoreshwa cyane kubusa no guhinduka. Ibintu nkimyambarire ya tennis nibikoresho byo mu gikoni bungukirwa nigihero cya PA noroshye byo gutunganya.
| INYUNGU | Z'INGENZI |
| Ibikoresho bya siporo | Gukomera, guhinduka |
| Ibintu byo murugo | Kuramba, koroshya kubumba |
Amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki
Muri elegitoroniki, Polmamide ihabwa agaciro kumitungo yabo y'amashanyarazi. Bakoreshwa mu bihuza, guhinduranya, n'inkingi aho inkelation no kurwanya ubushyuhe ni ngombwa.
| INYUNGU | Z'INGENZI |
| Guhuza no guhinduranya | Amashanyarazi, kurwanya ubushyuhe |
| Uruzitiro | Imbaraga, Kurwanya imiti |
Inganda
Icyiciro cyo mu cyiciro cy'ibiribwa gifite umutekano wo guhura mu buryo butaziguye n'ibiryo kandi bikoreshwa mu gupakira, imikandara, n'ibice by'imashini. Ibi bikoresho bitanga imiti myiza ya chimique nubushuhe buke.
| INYUNGU | Z'INGENZI |
| Gupakira ibiryo | Kurwanya imiti, umutekano kugirango tuvugane |
| Umukandara | Kuramba, Kurwanya Ubushuhe |
Kugereranya Polyamide (PA) plastike nibindi bikoresho
Polyide (PA) igaragara kugirango ihagarike ryihariye ryimbaraga, guhinduka, no kurwanya imiti. Dore uburyo igereranya nibindi bikoresho bisanzwe.
Pa plastike na polyester
Polyide na polyester byombi bya synthetike polymeti, ariko bifite itandukaniro ryingenzi. P itanga imbaraga nziza ningaruka, mugihe polyester arwanya kurambura no kugabanuka. PA nayo akurura ubushuhe kuruta polyester, bigira ingaruka kumihanda yacyo mubidukikije.
| Umutungo | Polyamide (PA) | polyester |
| Imbaraga | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Kurwanya ingaruka | Byiza | Munsi |
| Kwishyiriraho | Hejuru | Hasi |
| Kurwanya Kurwanya | Munsi | Hejuru |
Pa Plastist na Polypropylene (pp)
PA ifite imitungo myiza ugereranije na polypropylene (pp), nkimbaraga zo hejuru no kwambara. Ariko, PP ifite imiti yo kurwanya imiti, cyane cyane kurwanya acide na alkalis. PA ni ubushyuhe bwinshi, mugihe PP izwiho guhinduka no kuroha.
| Umutungo | Polyamide (PA) | PolyproPylene (pp) |
| Imbaraga | Hejuru | Munsi |
| Kurwanya imiti | Nibyiza, ariko intege nke zo kurwanya acide | Byiza |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe | Hejuru | Munsi |
| Guhinduka | Munsi | Hejuru |
Pa Plastist na Polyethylene (pe)
Polmamide itanga imbaraga nyinshi nubushyuhe ugereranije na polyethylene (pe). PE irahinduka kandi ifite ubuhehere bwiza, bigatuma ari byiza kubikoresho bipakira. Pa, kurundi ruhande, excys mubisabwa bisaba kuramba nubushyuhe. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati ya pe, urashobora kwerekeza ku ngingo yacu kuri itandukaniro hagati ya hdpe na ldpe.
| Umutungo | Polyamide (PA) | polyethylene (pe) |
| Imbaraga | Hejuru | Munsi |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe | Hejuru | Munsi |
| Guhinduka | Munsi | Hejuru |
| Ubushuhe | Munsi | Byiza |
Pa plastiki na plastike (aluminium, ibyuma)
Mugihe ibyuma nka aluminium na steel birakomeye cyane, pa plastike biroroshye kandi byoroshye gutunganya. PA ni gakondo-ntangamuntu kandi ntibisaba kubungabunga kimwe nkibyuma mubidukikije. Ibyuma bikwiranye nibyiza kubisaba bisaba imbaraga nubushobozi bukabije, mugihe pake mu kugabanya uburemere no kongera guhinduka. Kugereranya hagati yibyuma bitandukanye, urashobora gusanga ingingo yacu kuri Titanium vs aluminium igishimishije.
| Umutungo | Polyamide (PA) | Alumunum | Ibyuma |
| Imbaraga | Munsi | Hejuru | Hejuru cyane |
| Uburemere | Hasi (yoroheje) | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
| Kurwanya Kwangirika | Byiza | Byiza | Umukene |
| Guhinduka | Hejuru | Munsi | Munsi |
Kubindi bisobanuro kubikoresho byicyuma nibikoresho byabo, urashobora kugenzura ubuyobozi bwacu ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma.
Umwanzuro
Polside (PA) plastiki iratandukanye, itanga imbaraga, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kuramba. Iyi mico igira akamaro mubuhanga bugezweho no gukora. Byakoreshwa mu modoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, cyangwa inganda, pa phostique itanga imikorere yizewe.
Mugihe uhitamo ubwoko bwa pa, suzuma ibisabwa byihariye nkimbaraga, guhinduka, no kurwanya ibidukikije. Buri tsinda rya pawe ritanga inyungu zidasanzwe kuri porogaramu zitandukanye, kureba neza akazi.
INAMA: Birashoboka ko ushobora kuba ushishikajwe na plastique yose
