Yawancin nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa: kayan, aikace-aikace, da kuma zaɓin dabarun

Springs sune tushen asalin ƙasa a cikin tsarin injin da yawa, daga na'urorin microscopic don kayan masarufi masu girma. Ikonsu na adanawa da saki makamashi yana sa su zama masu mahimmanci a cikin filayen shiga daga injiniyan Aerospace.

A cikin wannan jagora mai tushe, zamu bincika kimiyya, nau'ikan, kayan, kayan masarufi, da kuma zubar da haske a kan waɗannan yawancin abubuwan da suka yi watsi da su amma suna lalata abubuwa masu mahimmanci na injiniyanci na zamani.

Kimiyyar maɓuɓɓugar: Dokar Hoaka da bayan

A Zuciyar makukan bazara Lies sun kama dokoki, da Robert Hooke a 1660. Wannan ka'idar ta bayyana cewa th

e karfi (F

)

A ina:

• F shine karfi da bazara (a cikin sabon abu, n)

• k shi ne bazara mai sauƙi (a cikin sabon abu a kowace mita, N / M)

• x shine gudun hijira daga matsayin ma'aurata (a cikin mita, m)

Alamar mara kyau tana nuna cewa karfi na yin amfani da batun ƙaura, koyaushe yana neman dawo da bazara zuwa ga jihar sa.

Koyaya, Sprationsm Sports Springs sau da yawa karkata daga wannan dangantakar manyan layi, musamman a ƙarƙashin manyan wurare ko a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Injiniyoyi dole ne suyi la'akari da dalilai kamar:

• Ratewar bazara : Canjin da ƙarfi a kowane ɓangare na rukuni, wanda zai iya bambanta a maɓuɓɓugan marasa layi

• Yankin iyaka na roba : aya bata da abin bazara ba zai koma ga asalinsa ba

• Rayuwar Fague : Yawan hawan keke na bazara na iya jimrewa kafin gazawa

Iri na maɓuɓɓugan ruwa: wani bambancin yanayi na ƙasa

Springs suna zuwa a fannoni daban-daban, kowane ingantawa don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Ga kwatancen mafi yawan nau'ikan:

Nau'in nau'in	aikace-aikacen na yau da kullun	maɓallin	kewayawa
Fitar da abubuwa	Dakatar da motoci, alkalami	Baiyantar da sojojin ƙasa	1 n - 1,000 kn
Tsawo Springs	Garage kofofin, Tramsolines	Tsayayya da sojojin da ke tattare da	1 n - 5 kn
Trinsion Springs	Phawchpsspinins, hinges	Tsayayya wa sojojin juyawa	0.1 N · m - 1,000 N · m
Ganye springs	Dogar da abin hawa mai nauyi	Babban aiki	5 kn - 100 kn
Disc Springs	Masana'antun masana'antu, gidajen abinci	Babban kaya a cikin iyaka sarari	1 kn - 1,000 kn
Gas mai	Hoodobile hoodble, kujeru ofis	Kullum karfi kan bugun jini	50 n - 5 kn

Iri na maɓuɓɓugan ruwa: cikakken jagora

Springs ne abubuwan haɗin kayan masarufi waɗanda ke zuwa cikin siffofi da girma dabam, kowannensu tsara don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Fahimtar nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi da masu zanen kaya don zaɓar bazara da dama don ayyukansu. Bari mu bincika manyan nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da halaye na musamman.

1. Halidi mai yawa

Halittobi na gaske sune nau'ikan yau da kullun, suna nuna ƙirar cil. An sake raba su zuwa manyan ƙananan sassa uku:

Fitar da abubuwa

• Bayanin : budewar da aka shirya da ke tsayayya da sojojin

• Aikace-aikace : dakatarwa na motoci, beloint alkalin, katifa

• MAGANAR KUDI : Adana makamashi lokacin da aka matsa

  
  

Springsmmingsmingsan masarufi suna bude maɓuɓɓugan itace da aka shirya don yin tsayayya wa sojojin masu ɗorewa. An samo shi a cikin dakatarwar mota, alkalan Ballpount, da katifa, waɗannan marmari suna adana makamashi lokacin da aka matsa su.

Tsawo Springs

• Bayanin : Rufe maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai tsayayya da sojojin da ke tattare da

• Aikace-aikace : Gassan Garage, Tramses, kayan aikin gona

• MAGANAR KUDI : Adana makamashi yayin da aka shimfiɗa

  
  

  
  

Tsawo Barci , da bambanci, suna da tsabta da tsayayya da sojojin da ke cikin Tensile. Ana amfani dasu sau da yawa a ƙofofin gareji, Trames, da kayan aikin gona. Abubuwan mabuɗin su shine karfin su na adana makamashi lokacin da aka shimfida. 

Trinsion Springs

• Bayani : Springs waɗanda ke adana makamashi lokacin da juya

• Aikace-aikace : sutura, kofuna, kayan haɗin mota

• Fasalin Key : Ba da ƙarfin juyawa

  
  

Trinsion Springs gudanar aiki daban-daban ta hanyar adana makamashi lokacin da aka juya. Wadannan maɓuɓɓugan suna samar da jujjuyawar jujjuyawa kuma ana amfani dasu a aikace-aikace kamar su, kofofin gida, da kayan haɗin mota daban-daban.

2. Bangarorin ganye

• Bayani : ya ƙunshi yadudduka da yawa (ganye) na tube na ƙarfe

• Aikace-aikace : dakatarwar abin hawa, motocin jirgin ƙasa

• Matsayi na Key : Babban aiki mai ɗaukar nauyi

  
  

Ganye spring sun kunshi yadudduka da yawa (ganye) na tube ƙarfe sun yi kama da juna. Wadannan maɓuɓɓugan sun shahara ne ga ƙarfinsu mai ɗaukar nauyi kuma ana amfani dasu akai-akai a cikin tsarin dakatarwar da suka dace da motoci da motocin jirgin ƙasa.

Iri na ganye na ganye:

1. Multi-ganye springs

2. Mono-ganye Springs

3. Parabolic ganye springs

3 dis dism maɓuɓɓugan (Belleville washers)

• Bayani : Springs Springs Springs

• Aikace-aikace : Aerospace, Badves masana'antu, gidajen abinci

• Matsayi na Mabuɗin : ​​iyawar nauyi a cikin karamin sarari

Disc Springs washers, sune maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ban mamaki. Suna sanannun don ƙarfinsu mai ƙarfi duk da girman su, yana sa su zama da kyau don aikace-aikacen Aerospace, da kuma haɗin gwiwar masana'antu inda sarari ke da mahimmanci.

4.

• Bayanin : Yi amfani da gas da aka matsa don yin dabara

• Aikace-aikace : Hood Roomts, kujeru ofis

• Fasalin mabuɗin : ​​yana ba da ƙarfi mai kusa a cikin bugun jini

  
  

  
  

Mummunan gas suna aiki ta amfani da gas mai cike da ƙarfi don yin ƙoƙari. Wadannan malob din suna ba da kusan ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin bugun zuciya, yana sa su shahara a aikace-aikace kamar hoda na mota da kujerun ofishi na ofis. Da karfi da karfi yana sa su sosai amintacce don yawan aikace-aikace masu daidaitawa

5. Lebur maɓuɓɓugan ruwa

• Bayanin : Litattafan katako na karfe da aka tsara don amfani da kaya

• Aikace-aikace : Lambobin sadarwar lantarki, na'urori masu na'uri na motoci

• Fasalin Key : Tsarin Maɗaukaki don iyakance sarari

  
  

Lebur maɓuɓɓugan itace ne mai sauki, lebur ne na karfe wanda ke daidaita a ƙarƙashin kaya. Suna da karfin gwiwa da ingantattun wuraren sarari, galibi ana samunsu a cikin lambobin lantarki da na'urori masu auna na'oki. Tsarin sararin samaniya mai inganci yana sa su zaɓi mai ma'ana don masana'antar lantarki da kayan aiki.

6. M

• Bayanin : Springs maɓuɓɓugan fitila da aka yi daga ɗakin kwana

• Aikace-aikace : Aikace-aikace-Aikace-aikace, Shofi Shofi

• Matsayi na Mabuɗin : ​​Ci gaban bazara

Springs Springs suna haifar da siffar conical da aka yi daga tsiri na ƙarfe. Wadannan maɓuɓɓugan an tsara su ne don aikace-aikacen masu nauyi kuma suna da tasiri musamman a cikin tsayewa sha ɗaya saboda cigaban bazara, wanda ke ƙaruwa ta hanyar ci gaba yayin da suke ƙara ƙarfi.

7. Mormƙafi mai tsafta

• Bayanin : Waya mai lebur wanda aka kafa cikin sifar-kamar

• Aikace-aikace : Biya, hatal, Cutsi

• Matsayi na Key : madadin adana sarari zuwa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa

  
  

Ana gina masu kunnan daga waya mai lebur wanda aka kafa cikin sifar-ji. Suna ba da madadin ceton sararin samaniya zuwa maɓuɓɓugar gargajiya na gargajiya, kamar yadda ƙirarsu ta ba su damar samar da ƙarfi a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sun haɗa da ɗaukar kaya, hatim, da clutches inda matsakaicin ƙira da inganci suna da mahimmanci.

8

• Bayani : kintinkiri ne na kayan bazara wanda ya haifar da karfi akai-akai yayin da aka yi yawa

• Aikace-aikace : Matsakaicin Matsayi, Reseractable Scels

• Fasalin Key : Maimaita ƙarfi a cikin ƙazanta

  
  

Ana yin maɓuɓɓugan more daga ribbon da aka yi birgima na kayan bazara wanda zai haifar da kusan ƙarfi a lokacin da aka yi nisanta. Ana amfani da waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan a aikace-aikace kamar daidaitawa da kuma respracacable maida za a iya buƙatar ƙarfi inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi a duk faɗin motsi.

9.

• Bayanin : maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare da wani tsinkaye mara nauyi

• Aikace-aikace : Kayan aiki na Kayan aiki, Na'urori na musamman

• Fasta Key : Mai ƙarfi ya bambanta da ƙa'idodi

  
  

V mai yiwuwa ga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna da murabba'i mai ɗaukar nauyi mara kyau. Wadannan maɓuɓɓugan an tsara su ne don kayan aikin daidaitattun kayan aiki da na'urorin da suka fi musamman inda karfi ke buƙatar bambanta tare da danilive, samar da wulakancin aikace-aikacen da aka tsara.

Kwatanta Table Table

Spring Stret	Stress Stret	Schoom	Stret	Streent
Matsawa	M	Matsakaici	1 n - 1,000 kn	Automotive, masana'antu
Ƙarin teleho	Mai zafi	M	1 n - 5 kn	Kayan ciniki, kayan masarufi
Trission	Maida	M	0.1 N · m - 1,000 N · m	Hinges, shirye-shiryen bidiyo
Ganye	M	M	5 kn - 100 kn	Motocin nauyi
Dis disb	M	Sosai babba	1 kn - 1,000 kn	Aerospace, Bakwai
Iskar gas	M	M	50 n - 5 kn	Kayan Aiki, Kaya

Kowane nau'in bazara yana da kaddarorinsa na musamman da aikace-aikace mafi kyau. Zabi na bazara ya dogara da abubuwan da abubuwan da ake buƙata, sarari da ake buƙata, fili, yanayin aiki, da halayen aikin, da kuma halayen aikin. Fahimtar wadannan nau'ikan daban-daban suna ba da injiniyoyi don zaɓar bazara mafi dacewa don takamaiman bukatun su, tabbatar da kyakkyawan aikin su.

Kayan aiki: Kafuwar Ruwan bazara

Zabi na kayan da muhimmanci tasiri halaye na kayan bazara. Ga kwatancen kayan yau da kullun: ƙarfi na

ƙasa	(MPA)	Corwar Resistance	Max Offormation Temp (° C)	Aikace-aikace na hali
Aisi 302 Bakin Karfe	860-1100	M	250	Sarrafa abinci, marine
Aisi 43400 low-Oboy Karfe	745-1950	Matsakaici	300	Automotive, Aerospace
X-750	1200	M	700	Injunan jet, masu amfani da nukiliya
Berylium jan ƙarfe	1300	M	300	Mahalli
Titanium ti-6al-4v	900-1200	M	400	Aerospace, implants likita

Masana'antu: daidai da iko mai inganci

Maganin bazara ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa masu mahimmanci, kowannensu yana ba da gudummawa ga aikin ƙarshe:

tsari mataki	na manufofin	manufofin juna da haƙuri / sigogi
Zane zane	Kayan aiki	± 0.01 mm diamita haƙuri
Turiya	Samar da siffar bazara	± 0.1 mm filin haƙuri
Jiyya zafi	Inganta kaddarorin injiniyoyi	± 10 ° Cutar zazzabi
Harbi peening	Inganta Rayuwar Kadaici	200% - 300% karuwa a cikin karfin gajiya
Tuadn ruwa	Tabbatar da lebur ƙarshen saman	± 0.05 mm flatsasa haƙuri
Shafi	Corroon jure / bayyani	5-25 μm roating kauri

Aikace-aikace: maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a aikace

Springs suna taka rawa mai mahimmanci a fannoni daban-daban. Ga kwatancen aikace-aikace na bazara a fadin masana'antu daban-daban: Aikace

masana'antu na zamani	-aikace na	nau'in	aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen
Mayarwa	Injin bawul	Matsawa	Haƙuri a 8000+ rpm
Mayarwa	Dakatarwa	Coil / ganye	Nauyin ɗaukar nauyin har zuwa 1000 kg / ƙafa
Saidospace	Kayan saukowa	Girgiza rai	Tasiri har zuwa 3g
Kayan lantarki	Keyboard swititches	Matsawa	0.4-0.8
Na likita	Tattaunawar Cardivascast	Bazuwa	400+ miliyan maimaitawa
M	Ba da izinin Umurress	Matsawa	Daidai da ± 1% na matsin lamba

Masana'antu

• Springs Springs a cikin injuna suna aiki a har zuwa 8000 Rpm a cikin injunan masu tsada

• Tsarin Dakatar da Kafaffen KG 1000 a kowace ƙafa a cikin motocin fasinjoji

  
  

Saidospace

• Sauke kaya mai saukar ungulu masu ɗaukar hoto suna ɗaukar matakan sakamako zuwa 3G

• Ciwon Ciwan Tauhidi cikin Abubuwan tauraron dan adam yana aiki a yanayin zafi daga -150 ° C to + 150 ° C

  
  

Mai amfani da kayan lantarki

• Amfani da magana a cikin keyboards yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarfin aiki na 0.4-0.8 n

• Ruwan tabarau na kyamara suna maida hankali kan matakan suna buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin micrometers

  
  

Kayan aikin likita

• Tanko don aikace-aikacen zuciya na zuciya suna tsayayya da hawan keke sama da miliyan 400 a cikin rayuwa

• Kayan kayan aikin

  
  

Kalubale da sababbin abubuwa

Injiniya na ci gaba da tura iyakokin fasahar Sprins:

kirkirar	Bayanin	asali
Shefar Alloleys	Springs waɗanda ke 'tuna '	Daidaitawa kayan haɗin kai
Mummunan maɓuɓɓugan	Fiber-karfafa polymers	Har zuwa 70% rage nauyi
Smart Springs	Ta hanzarta na'urori masu mahimmanci	Kulawa na Layi na Gaskiya
Nano-maɓuɓɓugan	Sikelin microscopic	Na'urori masu girma

• She siffar Alloy Alloy

• Misali: Nitinol, tare da fasalin dawo da tsari har zuwa 8%

• Mummunan maɓuɓɓugan itace : amfani da kayan kamar fiber-karfafa polymers don rage nauyi

• Na iya cimma nasarar rage nauyi na 70% idan aka kwatanta da karfe m

• Smart Springs : Haɗaɗɗun na'urori masu lura da kaya na lokaci-lokaci

• Aikace-aikace a tsarin kiwon lafiya tsarin kula da gadoji da gine-gine

Kammalawa: RAYUWAYAR CIKIN SAUKI

Springs ya ci gaba da kasancewa a kantin injiniya na injiniya, ci gaba da samun sabbin kalubale. Daga Nanoscale Springs a cikin Mems na'urori zuwa m ganye a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, waɗannan abubuwan haɗi na roba suna ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban fasaha.

Yayinda muke tura iyakokin abin da zai yiwu a cikin injiniya, maɓuɓɓugan zai ci gaba da zagaye, karkatarwa, da kuma damfara hanyar zuwa gaba. Abubuwan da suka shafi su, hade da abubuwan da suka gudana da kayan adon zamani, tabbatar da cewa maɓuɓɓugan za su kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin injunan da na'urori gobe.

Ko dai yana cikin bin hanyoyin sufuri na ingantattu, ingantattun na'urori masu inganci, ko samfuran masu amfani da masu amfani, sassauƙa za su ci gaba don samar da wajibi mai mahimmanci, sassauƙa, da ayyuka. Ga jagorar kwararre kan aikin masana'antar ku, Tuntube mu . Injiniyanmu da suka ƙware za su taimake ka ka karɓi zanen, zaɓi na kayan, da tsari don tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Abokin tarayya tare da fmg kungiya don nasara. Za mu dauki matakin ka zuwa  matakin na gaba.

Faqs

1. Menene marmaro?

Wani marmaro ne mai amfani na inji wanda ke nunawa lokacin da aka yiwa karfi na waje da kuma adana makamashi, komawa zuwa ga asalinsa. Ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan don ɗaukar ƙarfi, adana kuzari, ko kuma kula da rarrabuwa tsakanin abubuwa.

2. Menene nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa guda uku:  Spritrus Springs  (ƙididdiga),  Tsara Springs  (store m), da kuma  tursasawa  ). Kowane bazara an tsara shi daban dangane da aikace-aikacen.

3. Wadanne abubuwa ne aka yiwa raguna?

Yawancin lokaci ana yin maɓuɓɓugai kamar kayan ƙarfi kamar  na carbon , bakin karfe bakin karfe , kayan ƙarfe , har ma da wasu kayan filastik, dangane da yanayin filastik.

4. Ta yaya zan zabi bazara da ta dace?

Zabi bazara da dama yana buƙatar la'akari da  nau'in , buƙatun aikace-aikacen kayan aikin , kayan aikin kayan aikin kayan aikin , da  yanayin aiki  (zazzabi, lalata, da sauransu). Ainihin lissafin da gwaji na iya tabbatar da madaidaicin zabi.

5. Mene ne lalacewa gajiya?

Isar da gazawar Facigee ta faru lokacin da aka maimaita Loading da Sauke sa Contin bazara don sannu a hankali rasa elalation ko hutu. Abubuwan ƙira da aka tsara ya kamata sun haɗa da zama na zama, iyakancewar damuwa, da kuma gajiya juriya na kayan.

6. Ta yaya zan iya tsawaita gidan rayuwa na bazara?

Kulawa na yau da kullun da bincike na iya mika tsawon rayuwar bazara. Guji nauyin ɗaukar nauyi, tabbatar da ingantaccen lubrication, madaidaici mai gyara, kuma zaɓi kayan da ya dace don yanayin aiki.

7. Me ya sa ake sa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suka gaza?

Springs zai iya kasawa saboda  gajiya lalacewar lahani na , ruwa , lalata , ko  lahani na kayan . Bincike na yau da kullun da ingantaccen tsari na iya hana yawancin matsalolin gazawa.