Amasoko ni ibice by'ibanze muri sisitemu zitabarika, kuva mubikoresho bya microscopique kugeza imashini nini zinganda zinganda. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika no kurekura ingufu bituma ntahara mubikorwa mumirima iva muri telefone yimodoka kugeza tekinoroji ya Aerospace.
Muri ubwo buyobozi bwuzuye, tuzasesekura siyanse, ubwoko, ibikoresho, hamwe nibikoresho byamasoko, kumurikira kubintu bikunze kwirengagizwa byubwubato bugezweho.
Ubumenyi bw'amasoko: Amategeko ya HoOke ndetse no hanze
Ku muco wubukanishi wimpeshyi ni amategeko ya Hooke, yateguwe na Robert Hooke muri 1660. Iri hame rivuga ko th
ECE (f) yashyizwemo imbere nisoko igereranijwe itaziguye kubamurwa (x) kuva kumwanya wa equilibrium:
f = -kx
Aho:
F nimbaraga zishingiye ku isoko (muri Newtons, n)
K nimpeshyi isanzwe (muri Newtomans kuri metero, n / m)
x ni cyo kwimurwa kuva kumwanya uringaniye (muri metero, m)
Ikimenyetso kibi cyerekana ko imbaraga zikora muburyo bunyuranye no kwimurwa, burigihe bashaka gusubiza impeshyi kubiruhuko byayo.
Ariko, amasoko yisi yose akunze gutandukana nubusabane bwumuryango, cyane cyane munsi yimurwa munini cyangwa mubihe bikabije. Inzozi zigomba gusuzuma ibintu nka:
Igipimo cy'impeshyi : Guhindura imbaraga kuri buri gice, gishobora gutandukana mu masoko atari umurongo
Imipaka ya elastique : Ingingo irenze iyo isoko itazasubira muburyo bwayo
Ubuzima bwumunaniro : Umubare wimvura Isoko irashobora kwihanganira mbere yo gutsindwa
Ubwoko bw'amasoko: Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye
Amasoko aza muburyo butandukanye, buriwese afite agaciro kubisabwa byihariye. Dore kugereranya ubwoko busanzwe:
| Ubwoko bwimpeshyi | busanzwe bwa porogaramu | imiterere | yimikorere yubushobozi |
| Compression springs | Guhagarika imodoka, amakaramu | Irinde imbaraga zintwaro | 1 n - 1.000 kn |
| Kwagura amasoko | Inzugi za Garage, trampoline | Irinde Ingabo za Tensile | 1 n - 5 KN |
| Amasoko | Imyenda, hinges | Irinde imbaraga zo kuzunguruka | 0.1 n mm - 1.000 n · m |
| Amababi | Ihagarikwa ry'imodoka | Ubushobozi bwo hejuru | 5 KN - 100 KN |
| Disiki | Indangamuntu yinganda, ingingo zangiritse | Umutwaro munini mumwanya muto | 1 KN - 1.000 KNT |
| Amasoko ya gaze | Inzu ya Hoods, intebe zo mu biro | Imbaraga zihoraho kuri Stroke | 50 n - 5 KN |
Ubwoko bw'amasoko: Igitabo cyuzuye
Amasoko nibigize imashini bihurika biza muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu yihariye. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwamasoko ningirakamaro kuba injeniyeri nabashushanya guhitamo isoko iburyo kumishinga yabo. Reka dusuzume ibyiciro byingenzi byamasoko nibiranga byihariye.
1. Amasoko
Amasoko yubuvuwe nuburyo bukunze kugaragara, burimo igishushanyo cya coil. Bagabanijwemo bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu byingenzi:
Compression springs
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko ahuriye aharindwa imbaraga
Porogaramu : Guhagarika imodoka, amakaramu ya balleint, matelas
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Kubika ingufu mugihe bigizwe
Gukuramo amasoko ahujwe-gihuriye no kurwanya imbaraga zo guterana. Mubisanzwe biboneka mu guhagarikwa kw'imodoka, amakaramu ya ballepoint, na matelas, aya masoko abika ingufu mugihe afunzwe, bikaba ngombwa kugirango binjireho kandi bifatanye.
Kwagura amasoko
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko yaterika cyane kurwanya imbaraga za tensile
Gusaba : Imiryango ya Garage, Trampoline, Imashini zumuringa
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Kubika ingufu iyo zirambuye
Kwagura amasoko , bitandukanye cyane, birasakumwe cyane no kurwanya imbaraga za terefone. Bakoreshwa kenshi mu miryango ya garage, trampoline, n'imashini zihinga. Ikintu cyingenzi ni ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika ingufu mugihe barambuye.
Amasoko
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko yubuka ingufu mugihe yagoretse
Porogaramu : imyambaro, imiryango yimiryango, ibice byimodoka
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Gutanga imbaraga zo kuzunguruka
Amasoko ya ToRion akora muburyo butandukanye no kubika ingufu mugihe yagoretse. Aya masoko atanga imbaraga zisibo kandi ikoreshwa mubisabwa nko kwambara, hinges yumuryango, hamwe nibigize ibinyabiziga bitandukanye.
2. Amasoko y'ibibabi
Ibisobanuro : bigizwe nibice byinshi (amababi) yicyuma
Porogaramu : Guhagarika ibinyabiziga biremereye, imodoka za gari ya moshi
Ikintu cyingenzi : Ubushobozi bwo kwishora mukirere
Amababi yamababi agizwe nibice byinshi (amababi) yibyuma byashyizwe kuri mugenzi wawe. Aya masoko azwi cyane kubushobozi bwabo bwo kwishora mu mitwaro kandi akoreshwa kenshi muri sisitemu yo guhagarika imodoka ziremereye, nk'amakamyo n'imodoka ya gari ya moshi.
Ubwoko bw'isoko ry'ibabi:
Amababi menshi
Mono-Amababi
Ikibabi cya parabolic
3. Amasoko (gutakaza Belleville)
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko ameze nka Disiki
Porogaramu : Aerospace, Indangamuntu yinganda, ingingo zakozwe
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Ubushobozi bwo hejuru mumwanya mwiza
Disiki amasoko , izwi kandi ku izina rya Belleville, ni amasoko ameze nka discical. Barimo kubona ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwishoramo bukabije nubwo ubunini bwabo, bigatuma basaba ibyifuzo muri aerospace, indangagaciro zinganda, kandi zifatanije aho umwanya ari muto.
4. Amasoko ya gazi
Ibisobanuro : Gukoresha gazi ifunzwe kugirango bigerweho
Gusaba : Hood yimodoka itemba, intebe zo mu biro
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : gitanga imbaraga zihoraho-guhoraho
Amasoko ya gaze akora ukoresheje gazi ifunzwe kugirango ikoreshwe imbaraga. Aya masoko atanga imbaraga hafi ya stroke yabo yose, bigatuma bakundwa mubisabwa nka hood yo muri hood yougumaho hamwe nintebe zubuzima. Imbaraga zabo zihamye zituma zizewe cyane kuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha
5. Amasoko meza
Ibisobanuro : Ibice bisenyutse by'icyuma byagenewe Flex munsi yumutwaro
Porogaramu : Amashanyarazi, Sensor yimodoka
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Igishushanyo Cyuzuye kumwanya muto
Amasoko meza ni ibice byoroshye, bihwanye byicyuma flex. Ni byiza kandi byiza kubinyamwe bike, bikunze kuboneka mumashanyarazi na sensor yimodoka. Ikibanza cyabo-imikorere kibatera guhitamo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na Automotive.
6. Kubabaza amasoko
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko ameze nkana yakozwe mumurongo uringaniye
Porogaramu : Gusaba akazi gakomeye, kwinjiza
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Igipimo cy'impeshyi
Vote Springs yerekana imiterere yakozwe kuva kumurongo uringaniye. Aya masoko yagenewe gusaba akazi aremereye kandi afite akamaro cyane cyane mu buryo butangaje kubera igipimo cyayo cy'impeshyi, cyongera gukomera uko bahanganye.
7. Amasoko
Ibisobanuro : insinga iringaniye ikozwe muburyo bwuzuye
Porogaramu : Kwikorera, Ikidodo, Amashanyarazi
Ikintu cyingenzi : Kuzigama Umwanya wo Kuzigama Amasoko gakondo
Amasoko yubatswe yubatswe kuva insinga iringaniye ikozwe muburyo bwuzuye. Batanga ubundi buryo bwo kuzigama umwanya wamasoko gakondo, nkuko igishushanyo cyabo kibafasha gutanga imbaraga zisa mukarere gato. Porogaramu Rusange zirimo kwivuza, kashe, na trackches aho igishushanyo mpuzake kandi imikorere ni ngombwa.
8. Imbaraga zihoraho
Ibisobanuro : Igicapo kizunguruka cyibikoresho byimpeshyi bigira imbaraga zihoraho mugihe zigurishijwe
Porogaramu : Kuringaniza, reeld reels
Ikiranga Icyingenzi : Hagarara-uhoraho
Guhora hakorwa amasoko akozwe mu rubavu ruzengurutse ibikoresho byimpeshyi biharanira inyungu zihoraho mugihe zigurishwa. Aya masoko akoreshwa mubisabwa nka compaccences na reeld yinjira aho imbaraga zihamye zikenewe murwego rwose.
9. Imbaraga zihinduka
Ibisobanuro : Amasoko hamwe nimbaraga zitari umurongo-depvetion umurongo
Porogaramu : Ibikoresho byateganijwe, ibikoresho byihariye bya mashini
Ikintu cyingenzi : imbaraga ziratandukanye nutugumane hamwe na deplection
V Imbaraga zibangamira amasoko afite imbaraga zitari umurongo-guhinduranya. Aya masoko yagenewe ibikoresho byo gushushanya hamwe nibikoresho byihariye byubukanishi aho imbaraga zigomba gutandukana no gutandukana, gutanga imikorere yubudozi kubisabwa.
Kugereranya imbonerahamwe
| yubwoko | bwumutwaro | Ubwoko bwiza bwo gukora neza | umutwaro | usanzwe |
| Kwikuramo | Compressive | Gushyira mu gaciro | 1 n - 1.000 kn | Automotive, Inganda |
| Kwagura | Tensile | Hejuru | 1 n - 5 KN | Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi, imashini |
| Torsion | Kuzunguruka | Hejuru | 0.1 n mm - 1.000 n · m | HINGES, Clips |
| Ikibabi | Compressive | Hasi | 5 KN - 100 KN | Imodoka zikomeye |
| Disiki | Compressive | Hejuru cyane | 1 KN - 1.000 KNT | Aerospace, indangagaciro |
| Gaze | Compressive | Hejuru | 50 n - 5 KN | Ibikoresho, Automotive |
Buri bwoko bwimpeshyi bufite imitungo yihariye hamwe na porogaramu nziza. Guhitamo isoko biterwa nibintu nkimbaraga zisabwa, umwanya uhari, ibidukikije, nibiranga imikorere yifuza. Gusobanukirwa ubu bwoko butandukanye butuma injeniyeri zihitamo impeshyi ikwiye kubikenewe byihariye, bigenga imikorere myiza no kuramba kwa sisitemu zabo.
Ibikoresho: Urufatiro rwimpeshyi
Guhitamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yimvura. Dore kugereranya ibikoresho bisanzwe byimpeshyi:
| Imbaraga | za Tensile (MPA) | Kurwanya Ibicuruzwa | Max Ikora Temp (° C) | Ibisanzwe |
| Aisi 302 idafite ibyuma | 860-100 | Byiza | 250 | Gutunganya ibiryo, Marine |
| Aisi 4340 hasi-alloy steel | 745-1950 | Gushyira mu gaciro | 300 | Automotive, Aerospace |
| Inconel X-750 | 1200 | Byiza | 700 | Moteri ya jet, abafatanije na kirimbuzi |
| Beryllium Umuringa | 1300 | Byiza | 300 | Ibidukikije biturika |
| Titanium Ti-6al-4V | 900-1200 | Byiza | 400 | Aerospace, ingufu zubuvuzi |
Ibikorwa byo gutunganya: Gucunga neza no kugenzura ubuziranenge
Gukora amasoko birimo intambwe nyinshi zikomeye, buriwese agira uruhare mubikorwa byanyuma:
| Intambwe Intego | Bitunganijwe | isanzwe yo kwihanganira / ibipimo |
| Gushushanya insinga | Imyiteguro y'ibintu | ± 0.01 mm diameter yihanganira |
| Gusenya | Gushiraho imiterere | ± 0.1 MM yo kwihanganira |
| Kuvura ubushyuhe | Kuzamura imiterere ya mashini | ± 10 ° C Kugenzura Ubushyuhe |
| Kurasa | Kunoza ubuzima bwananiranye | 200% - 300% byiyongereye ku mbaraga z'umunaniro |
| Gusya | Menya neza | ± 0.05 mm igororoka |
| Gutwikira | Kurwanya kwangirika / Kugaragara | 5-25 μm Coating Ubunini |
Porogaramu: Amasoko mubikorwa
Amasoko akinira inshingano zingenzi mumirima itandukanye. Dore kugereranya ibyifuzo byizuba munganda butandukanye:
| Inganda | Gusaba | Isoko | Ubwoko bwingenzi imikorere ya Metric |
| Automotive | Moteri Valve Amasoko | Kwikuramo | Kwihangana kuri 8000+ rpm |
| Automotive | Guhagarikwa | Coil / ikibabi | Ubushobozi bwo gutwara kugeza 1000 kg / uruziga |
| Aerospace | Ibikoresho byo kugwa | Shock absorber | Ingaruka zijyanye na 3G |
| Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki | Mwandikisho | Kwikuramo | 0.4-0.8 n Ingufu za Actuation |
| Ubuvuzi | Sdiovascular | Kwaguka | Miliyoni 400+ cycle ubuzima |
| Inganda | INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA | Kwikuramo | Precisic kuri ± 1% yumuvuduko |
Inganda zimodoka
Aerospace
Amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
INGORANE N'UBUTAKAZI
Injeniyeri zihoraho gusunika imipaka yikoranabuhanga ryimyororokere:
| udushya | Guhanga | bishobora kubaho |
| Shiraho kwibuka alloys | Amasoko arimo 'ibuka ' imiterere | Kwihindura Ibigize |
| Amasoko | Fibre-Polymefike | Kugabanya ibiro 70% |
| Amasoko meza | Sensor | Gukurikirana igihe nyacyo |
| Nano-Amasoko | Igipimo cya Microscopic | Ibikoresho bya mems byateye imbere |
Shiraho kwibuka alloys : amasoko arimo 'ibuka ' imiterere yabo nyuma yo kuringaniza
Amasoko ahuriweho : gukoresha ibikoresho nka polymers-yashimangiwe muri fibmer kugirango igabanuke
Amasoko yubwenge : Kwinjiza Sensors kubijyanye no gukurikirana igihe nyacyo
Umwanzuro: Kazoza ka Elastike
Amasoko aguma ku isonga ryubwubatsi bwamanishi, buri gihe bwahujwe kugirango duhure nibibazo bishya. Kuva ku masoko ya Nanoscale mu bikoresho bya Mems ku kibabi kinini cy'ibabi mu mashini z'inganda, ibi bice bya elastike bikomeje kugira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga.
Mugihe dusunika imbibi zibishoboka mubuhanga, amasoko ntagushidikanya ko azakomeza guhindagurika, kugoreka, no guhagarika inzira bizaza mugihe kizaza cyo guhanga udushya. Ibisobanuro byabo, bihujwe nibikoresho bikomeje hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera, byemeza ko amasoko azakomeza kuba ibice byingenzi mumashini nibikoresho by'ejo.
Yaba ari ugukurikirana ubwikorezi bukora neza, ibikoresho byukuri byukuri, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarambye, amasoko azakomeza gutanga imbaraga zikenewe, guhinduka, no gukora. Kubwubuyobozi bwinzobere kumushinga wawe wo gukora, Twandikire . Abashakashatsi b'inararibonye bazagufasha kuyobora igishushanyo, guhitamo ibintu, nuburyo bwo gukora kugirango habeho ibisubizo byiza. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nitsinda FMG kugirango atsinde. Tuzafata umusaruro wawe kurwego rukurikira.
Ibibazo
1. Isoko ni irihe?
Isoko nigice cyimikorere isobanura mugihe ikorerwa imbaraga zo hanze no kubika ingufu zumwimerere mugihe izo mbaraga zivanyweho. Amasoko akoreshwa mugushishoza, kubika ingufu, cyangwa kugumana umwanya hagati yibintu.
2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'amasoko?
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwamasoko: Gukemura amasoko (Kurwanya compression), amasoko yo kwagura (kunanira ibara), hamwe no kuranga amasoko (ububiko bwa torsion (kubika torque). Buri soko yateguwe ukundi ukurikije porogaramu.
3. Ni ibihe bikoresho bikozwe?
Amasoko asanzwe agaragara mubikoresho byimbaraga nyinshi nka karubone , , , ibyuma byumuringa ndetse nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitike, bitewe nibidukikije nibisabwa.
4. Nahitamo nte isoko iburyo?
Guhitamo isoko iburyo bisaba gusuzuma ubwoko bwibisabwa , bisabwa , imiterere yibintu , nibidukikije ( ubushyuhe, ruswa, nibindi). Kubara neza no kugerageza ubufashameza guhitamo neza.
5. Kunanirwa kw'umunaniho ni iki?
Kunanirwa kw'umunaniro bibaho mugihe habaho gupakira inshuro nyinshi no gupakurura bitera ibikoresho byimpeshyi kugirango utakaza buhoro buhoro gutakaza buhoro buhoro cyangwa kuruhuka. Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kubamo ubuzima bwiza, kugabanya imihangayiko, no kurwanya umunaniro yibikoresho.
6. Nigute nshobora kongera ubuzima bw'isoko?
Kubungabunga buri gihe no kugenzura birashobora kwagura ubuzima bwurumuri. Irinde kurenza urugero, menya neza, kwishyiriraho neza, hanyuma uhitemo ibikoresho bikwiranye nakazi.
7. Kuki amasoko ananirwa?
Amasoko arashobora kunanirwa kubera umunaniro wangiza , byangiritse , ibitero , cyangwa ibikoresho . Ubugenzuzi buri gihe no kubungabunga neza birashobora gukumira ibibazo byinshi byo gutsindwa.
