Gold nɔto magnɛtik insay in klin fɔm. Dɛn kin klas am as dayagnɛtik, i wik fɔ mek magnɛt nɔ de ɛn i nɔ go ebul fɔ magnɛt bay ilɛktrik kɔrɛnt. Dis bihayvya na onli observable anda kontrכl labכtכri kכndishכn dεm.
Bɔt, di risach we dɛn jɔs dɔn du sho se di prɔpati dɛn we dɛn kɔl intriguing prɔpati dɛn na di nanoskayl. Smɔl smɔl grup dɛn we gɛt gold atɔm dɛn de sho paramagnɛtik bihayvya, we de wok lɛk smɔl smɔl magnɛt dɛn. Dis fenomen nɔ kin apin natura wan bikɔs ɔf gold in atɔmik density. Apat frɔm dat, ɔt kin ɛp fɔ mek dɛn magnɛtik prɔpati ya ayd.
Pan ɔl we gold stil nɔ-magnɛtik insay ɛvride sɛnɛriɔ, in bihayvya na ekstrim skel ɛn kɔndishɔn de gi fayn fayn insayt dɛn fɔ di kɔmpleks we magnɛt de insay matirial dɛn.
Gold in magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn .
'is.gold.magnetic' ɛn 'na gold magnet ɔ nɔ' na wan pan di kwɛstyɔn dɛn we dɛn kin fɛn mɔ bɔt di prɔpati dɛn we Gold gɛt. Gold (symbol au, atom number 79) gɛt fascinated humanity fɔ milenia wit in lustrous yellow hue ɛn remarkabl prɔpati dɛn. We i kam pan magnet ɛn gold, bɔku wɔnda 'Does gold atrak magnet' ɔ 'is.gold.magnetic' - di ansa de insay in yon atɔmik strɔkchɔ.
Besik ansa .
Fɔ di wan dɛn we de aks 'Does Gold Stick to Magnets' ɔ 'na gold magnɛtik yes ɔ nɔ,' Na di simpul ansa: klin gold nɔto magnɛtik. I nɔ de atrak ɛn i nɔ de atrak magnɛt. If yu de wɔnda bɔt 'magnet gold' intarakshɔn ɔ if 'go wan magnet pik gold,' ɔndastandin gold in dayagnɛtik nature na di ki fɔ ɔndastand in bihayvya.
Sayɛns ɛksplen bɔt Gold in Magnɛtism .
Ɔndastand 'Gold Magnetism' nid fɔ luk in atɔmik strɔkchɔ. We pipul dɛn aks 'go gold stik to magnet' ɔ 'kin magnet dɛn kin pik gold,' di ansa de na gold in ilɛktronik kɔnfigyushɔn.
Atɔmik strɔkchɔ fɔ gold .
Gold in yon magnɛtik bihayvya kɔmɔt frɔm in atɔmik strɔkchɔ. Wit wan ilektron konfigureshɔn fɔ [XE] 4F⊃1;⁴ 5d⊃1;⁰ 6S⊃1;, Gold gɛt wan kɔmplit ful 5D sabshɛl ɛn wan singl ilɛktron na di 6s ɔrbital. Dis konfigyushɔn de rilizɔt in nɔ unpaired ɛliktrɔn, we tipikli rispɔnsibul fɔ magnɛtik prɔpati insay ɛlimɛnt dɛn.
| Ilektron Shel | Nɔmba fɔ di ilɛktron dɛn . |
| K (1S) | 2 |
| L (2s, 2p) | 8 |
| M (3s, 3p, 3d) | 18 |
| N (4s, 4p, 4d, 4f) | 32 |
| O (5s, 5p, 5d) | 18 |
| P (6s) we de sho. | 1 |
Diagnagnetism in gold .
Diagnagnetism, di prɔpati we gold de sho, na wan impɔtant we fɔ magnet we ɔl di tin dɛn we dɛn yuz gɛt to sɔm digri. Insay dayagnetik matirial, di magnɛtik fil dɛm we ɔrbital ilɛktron muvmɛnt de prodyuz kin kansel aut, we kin rili mek wan rili wik ripulshɔn to ɛksternal magnɛtik fil dɛm.
Akɔdin to risach we dɛn pul na di Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2008), Gold in volyum magnɛtik susɛptibiliti na 20°C na lɛk -3.44 × 10⁻5, we de sho se na dayagnɛtik nature. Dis negatif valyu de sho se gold wik wan de ripel magnɛtik fil dɛm, kɔntrari to di atrakshɔn we dɛn si insay fɛromagnɛtik matirial dɛm.
Biɛvhɔ na strɔng magnɛtik fil dɛm .
Pan ɔl we gold nɔ kin ɔdinari fɔ intarakt wit magnɛt, i kin sho intrestin bihayvya ɔnda ekstrim kɔndishɔn. Insay 2014, di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt tin dɛn we de apin na Radboud Yunivasiti Nijmegen bin sho se dɛn kin ebul fɔ kɛr gold go na wan strɔng magnɛtik fil bikɔs ɔf di dayamagnɛtik prɔpati dɛn we dɛn gɛt. Dis ɛkspiriɛns bin nid fɔ gɛt magnɛtik fil trɛnk we na lɛk 16 Tesla, we strɔng fa fawe pas di tipik os magnet dɛn (we kin ɔltɛm smɔl pas 1 Tesla).
Factors Affecting Gold’s Magnetic Properties .
Purity fɔ gold .
Di klin we aw gold klin kin rili afɛkt di we aw i de biev we i de biev. Pure Gold (24 Karat) de mentɛn in dayagnɛtik prɔpati dɛn ɔltɛm. Bɔt, Lɔwa Karat Gold de introduks ɔda ɛlimɛnt dɛn we kin chenj in magnɛtik rispɔns.
| Karat | gold content | tipik alloying metals . |
| 24K na di . | 99.9% | Nɔn nɔ de (klin gold) . |
| 22k na di . | 91.7% | Silva, Kɔpa . |
| 18k di 18k | 75.0% | Silva, Kɔpa, Zinc |
| 14K na di . | 58.3% | Silva, Kɔpa, Zinc, Nikel |
| 10K | 41.7% | Silva, Kɔpa, Zinc, Nikel |
Gold alɔy ɛn magnɛtism .
Gold alɔy, we dɛn kin yuz fɔ jɔy ɛn industrial aplikeshɔn, kin sho difrɛn magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn we dipen pan dɛn kɔmpozishɔn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, sɔm wayt gold alɔy dɛn we gɛt nikel kin sho smɔl magnɛtik atrakshɔn. Wan stɔdi we dɛn pul na di Gold Bulletin (2014) dɔn sho se sɔm gold-ayɔn alɔy dɛn kin sho fɛromagnɛtik prɔpati dɛn na rum tɛmpracha we di ayɛn kɔntinyu pas 15 atɔmik pasɛnt.
Nano-skel bihayvya .
Di tin dɛn we dɔn apin dis biɛn tɛm pan nanoteknɔlɔji dɔn sho se dɛn dɔn sɔprayz fɔ si se dɛn gɛt bɔku bɔku magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn na di gold nanopartikl dɛn. Wan 2004 stεdi we dεn pכblish insay fyzikal rivyu lεta dεm sho se gold nanopartikl dεm we sכm pas 2 nanomita in dayamita kin sho fεromagnetik bihayv na tεmprachכ dεm we de dכn 10 kelvin. Dis diskovri de opin nyu possibiliti fɔ gold na fil dɛm lɛk data stɔrɔj ɛn kwantum kɔmpiutishɔn.
Testing Gold in magnetism .
Magnet Test fɔ Gold .
Pan ɔl we i nɔ de difinitiv, wan simpul magnet tɛst kin gi di fɔs tin dɛn fɔ no bɔt wan tin we gɛt gold we gɛt gold. Pure gold nɔ fɔ riak to magnet. Bɔt dis tɛst gɛt limit ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ abop pan am nɔmɔ fɔ mek dɛn no if pɔsin na tru tru wan.
Intɛprit Magnɛtik Atrakshɔn insay Gold Tin dɛn .
If wan gold tin sho se i gɛt magnɛtik atrakshɔn, i kin sho se:
Prɛzɛns fɔ fɛromagnɛtik impyuriti dɛn .
Gold pletin oba wan magnet bes metal .
Wan alɔy wit signifyant nɔ-gold kɔntinyu .
I rili impɔtant fɔ no se sɔm ɔtɛnɛtik gold alɔy dɛn kin sho smɔl magnɛtik prɔpati, we sɔm kɔmpitishɔn tin dɛn kin bi nɔ-magnɛtik.
Praktikal Implikashɔn dɛn .
Di industri we de mek jɔlɔs .
Di jɔyri industri de leva Gold in nɔ-magnɛtik nature in difrɛn we dɛn. Di Wol Gold Kaunsil se na lɛk 50% pan di global gold dimand kɔmɔt frɔm jɔyri. Fɔ ɔndastand di magnɛtik prɔpati dɛm fɔ difrɛn gold alɔy dɛm na impɔtant tin fɔ kwaliti kɔntrol ɛn ɔthɛntishɔn na dis industri.
Gold Vɛrifikɛshɔn .
Prɔfɛshɔnal gold verifyeshɔn involv bɔku tɛknik dɛn:
| Mɛtɔd | Prinsipul | Akkurayt |
| XRF Analysis . | Meja dɛn we de sho di kayn we aw dɛn de du ɛkstrem rayt dɛn . | Ay |
| Faya Assay . | Kwɛmyuɛl separeshɔn ɛn wej . | Na rili ay . |
| Speshal graviti . | Densiti mɛzhɔmɛnt . | Soba |
| Asid tɛst . | Kεmikכl Riakshכn Observεshכn . | Soba |
| Magnɛtik tɛst . | Magnɛtik Rispɔns . | Low (Supplementary) |
Aplikeshɔn dɛn na Tɛknɔlɔji .
Gold in yon prɔpati dɛm, inklud in dayagnɛtik nature, fɛn aplikeshɔn dɛn na difrɛn teknɔlɔji fil dɛm:
Ilɛktroniks: Gold in nɔ-magnɛtik nature de mek am fayn fɔ kɔmpɔnɛnt dɛn na magnɛtik fil-sɛnsitiv divays dɛn.
Medikal imej: Gold nanopartikl dεm dεn de εksplכr as kכntrast ejen fכ magnεtik rεsכnans imej (MRI).
Kwantom kɔmpiutishɔn: Di ɔnusual magnɛtik prɔpati dɛm fɔ gold nanopartikl dɛn na lɔw tɛmpracha kin pɔtɛnɛshɛl fɔ bi harnas fɔ kwantum bit (qubit) ɔpreshɔn.
Dɔn
Gold in magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn, ɔ we dɛn nɔ gɛt am, kɔmɔt frɔm in yon atɔmik strɔkchɔ. Di we aw i de dayagnɛtik de mek i difrɛn frɔm bɔku ɔda mɛtal dɛn, we de ɛp fɔ mek i gɛt spɛshal ples fɔ mek jɔy, tɛknɔlɔji, ɛn sayɛns risach. As wi de kɔntinyu fɔ ɛksplɔrɔ gold na di nanoskɛl ɛn insay ekstrim kɔndishɔn, wi kin fɛn nyu pat dɛn fɔ in intarakshɔn wit magnɛtik fil dɛm, we kin rivɔlɔshɔn in yus insay di fiuja tɛknɔlɔji dɛm.
Kwɛstyɔn dɛn we dɛn kin aks bɔku tɛm: Gold ɛn Magnetism
Na sɛvin kwɛstyɔn dɛn we pipul dɛn kin aks bɔt Gold in magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn, wit klia ɛn kɔrɛkt ansa dɛn:
K: Na klin gold magnet?
Nɔ, klin gold nɔto magnɛtik. Dɛn klas am as dayamagnɛtik matirial, we min se i wik fɔ mek magnɛtik fild dɛn we dɛn kin pul.
K: Yu tink se magnet kin stik to gold jɔyri?
Jɛnɛral wan, nɔ. If magnet stik to yu 'Gold' jɔlɔs, i go mɔs bi se i gɛt bɔku ɔda mɛtal dɛn ɔ i nɔ go bi gold atɔl.
K: Wetin mek gold magnet nɔ de?
Gold nɔto magnɛtik bikɔs ɔf in atɔmik strɔkchɔ. I nɔ gɛt ɛni ɛliktrɔn we nɔ gɛt pe na in ɔda shel, we nid fɔ mek dɛn de biev di we aw dɛn de du di fɛromagnɛtik.
K: Gold kin bi magnet anda eni sirkumstans?
Yɛs, ɔnda di kɔndishɔn dɛn we rili bad. Gold nanopartikl kin sho magnet prɔpati na rili lɔw tɛmpracha (dɔŋ 10 kelvin) ɔ insay di prɛzɛns fɔ ekstrim strɔng magnɛtik fil dɛm.
K: Di karat fɔ gold de afɛkt in magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn?
Yɛs, indaykt wan. Lɔwa Karat Gold gɛt mɔ nɔ-gold mɛtal dɛn, we kin introduks smɔl magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn dipen pan di alɔy mɛtal dɛn we dɛn yuz.
K: Di magnet test na we we pɔsin kin abop pan fɔ no if sɔntin na rial gold?
Nɔ, i nɔto ɔltin we pɔsin kin abop pan. Pan ɔl we i kin sho se magnɛtik mɛtal dɛn de, sɔm lay lay gold tin dɛn bak nɔ gɛt magnɛtik. I fɔ yuz am togɛda wit ɔda we dɛn fɔ tɛst am.
K: Ɛni prɛktikal aplikeshɔn de fɔ Gold in nɔ-magnɛtik nature?
Yɛs. Gold in nɔ-magnɛtik prɔpati de mek am yusful insay ilɛktroniks, mɔ na divays dɛn we sɛnsitiv to magnɛtik intafɛreshɔn. I gɛt valyu bak pan mɛdikal implant ɛn sɔm sayɛns inschrumɛnt dɛn.
K: Na rial gold magnet?
Nɔ, klin gold nɔ de ɛva bi magnɛt. If yu gold tin atrak to magnet, i nɔ go bi tru tru gold.
K: Gold de stik to magnet?
Nɔ, ɔtɛnɛtik gold nɔ de stik to magnet. Dis na tru fɔ ɔl di klin dɛn we klin gold.
K: Na 14 Karat gold magnet?
Jɛnɛral, 14k gold nɔ fɔ bi magnɛtik. Bɔt, lɛk 14k wayt gold alɔy dɛn we gɛt nikel kin sho smɔl magnɛtik prɔpati dɛn.
K: Yu tink se 10k gold de stik to magnet?
10k gold no fo stik to magnet, no mata se i geht mo non-gold metal pas haia karat gold. Ɛni strɔng magnɛtik atrakshɔn de sho se di pies nɔ go bi tru tru.
K: Na gold ring dɛn gɛt magnɛtik?
Di tru tru gold ring dɛn nɔ fɔ bi magnɛt. If yu gold ring atrak to magnet, i kin bi gold-plet ɔ mek am wit difrɛn tin dɛn.
K: Na wayt gold magnet?
Bɔku pan di wayt gold nɔto magnɛtik, bɔt sɔm alɔy dɛn we gɛt nikel kin sho smɔl magnɛtik prɔpati.
