Zahabu ntabwo ari magnetic muburyo bwiza. Byashyizwe ahagaragara nka diamagnetic, bidafite intege nke zangiza magnets kandi ntishobora gukwirakwizwa numuryango w'amashanyarazi. Iyi myitwarire iragaragara gusa ingwate za laboratoire.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana imitungo ishimishije kuri Nanoscale. Ihuriro rito rya atome rya zahabu ryerekana imyitwarire ya paramagnetic, ikora nka magneti nto. Ibi bintu ntibibaho bisanzwe biterwa nubucucike bwa zahabu. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe burashobora kuzamura iyi miti ihishe.
Mugihe zahabu ikomeje kuba magnetic mubihe bya buri munsi, imyitwarire yayo mugihe gitangaje kandi ibisabwa bitanga ubushishozi bushimishije muri kamere igoye yubukwe mubikoresho.
Umutungo wa rukuruzi wa zahabu
'Ni. Zahabu (Ikimenyetso AU, atomic numero 79) yashimishije ikiremwamuntu mumyaka ijana, hamwe nigituba cyacyo cyumuhondo nibitangaje. Ku bijyanye na rukuru na zahabu, ibitangaza byinshi 'zahabu ikurura magnenet ' cyangwa 'ni.
Igisubizo cyibanze
Kubasabye 'Ese inkoni ya zahabu kuri magnets ' cyangwa 'ni magnetike ya zahabu yego cyangwa oya, ' Dore igisubizo cyoroshye: Sizahabu ntabwo ari magnetic. Ntabwo ikurura cyangwa ikurura magneti. Waba wibaza kuri 'magnet zahabu ' imikoranire cyangwa niba magnet izatora zahabu, 'Gusobanukirwa na zahabu ya zahabu ni urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yayo.
Ibisobanuro bya siyansi kuri magnetism ya zahabu
Gusobanukirwa 'magnesm ya zahabu ' bisaba kureba imiterere yacyo. Iyo abantu babaza 'izakomera kuri magnet ' cyangwa 'irashobora gufata zahabu, ' Igisubizo kiri muri zahabu ya elegitoroniki.
Imiterere ya zahabu
Imyitwarire idasanzwe ya magnetique ikomoka mumiterere ya atome. Hamwe na electleron iboneza ya [xe] 4f⊃1; ⁴ 5d⊃1; ⁰ 6s⊃1 ;, zahabu ifite imyaka 5 yuzuye subshell hamwe na electron imwe muri 6s. Iboneza bivamo nta electron ya electron, zisanzwe zifite imiterere ya magneti mubintu.
| Electron Shell | Umubare wa electron |
| K (1s) | 2 |
| L (2s, 2p) | 8 |
| M (3s, 3p, 3d) | 18 |
| N (4s, 4p, 4d, 4f) | 32 |
| O (5s, 5p, 5d) | 18 |
| P (6s) | 1 |
Diamagnetism muri zahabu
Diamagnesm, umutungo ugaragajwe na zahabu, ni uburyo bwibanze bwa magnetisme ibikoresho byose bifite kurwego runaka. Mu bikoresho bya diamagnetic, imirima ya rukuruzi yakozwe na Orbitant Motron Motron ihagarika, bikaviramo kwangwa cyane mumirima yo hanze.
Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru chemied chremie c (2008), magnetike ya zahabu yoroshye kuri 20 ° C igera kuri -3.44 × 10⁻⁵, byerekana kamere yacyo. Agaciro keza gasobanura ko zahabu idahwitse imirima ya maguke, itandukanye no gukurura bigaragara mubikoresho bya fellaromagnetic.
Imyitwarire mumirima ikomeye ya magnetique
Mugihe zahabu idasanzwe ikorana na magnets, irashobora kwerekana imyitwarire ishimishije mubihe bikabije. Muri 2014, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Radiboud Nijmegen yerekanye ko zahabu ishobora gusuzugura mu murima ukomeye wa magneti kubera imitungo yayo ya diamagneti. Ubu bushakashatsi busaba imbaraga za magnetique ya magnetique ya 16 Tesla, ikomeye cyane kuruta magnesi isanzwe yo murugo (mubisanzwe iba munsi ya 1 Tesla).
Ibintu bireba imitungo ya magneti ya zahabu
Ubuziranenge bwa zahabu
Isuku ya zahabu igira ingaruka zikomeye kumyitwarire yayo ya rukuruzi. Zahabu nziza (24 Karat) ikomeza imiterere ya diamagnetic buri gihe. Ariko, karat zahabu yashyizeho ibindi bintu bishobora guhindura igisubizo cya magneti.
| Karat | Zahabu Ibirimo | Ibisanzwe |
| 24K | 99.9% | Nta na kimwe (zahabu nziza) |
| 22k | 91.7% | Ifeza, Umuringa |
| 18k | 75.0% | Ifeza, Umuringa, Zinc |
| 14k | 58.3% | Ifeza, Umuringa, Zinc, Nikel |
| 10k | 41.7% | Ifeza, Umuringa, Zinc, Nikel |
Alloys ya Zahabu na Magnetism
Ibikoresho bya zahabu, bikunze gukoreshwa mumitako no mu nganda, birashobora kwerekana ibintu bitandukanye bya magneti bitewe n'imihizahamwe yabo. Kurugero, amashusho ya zahabu yera arimo nikel arashobora kwerekana igikurura gakuru. Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Gold Bulletin (2014) yasanze iyi alloy-fer-icyuma bimwe cya felromagnetic mu bushyuhe bwicyumba mugihe ibintu by'icyuma bimaze kurenga atomic 15%.
Imyitwarire ya Nano-Igipimo
Iterambere rya vuba muri Nanotechnology ryagaragaje ibintu bitangaje bya magneti muri zahabu nanoparticles. Ubushakashatsi bwa 2004 bwasohowe mu mabaruwa ashingiye ku mubiri bwerekanye ko zahabu nanoparticles ntoya kuruta Nanometero imwe ya diameter irashobora kwerekana imyitwarire ya Ferromagnetic munsi ya 10 Kelvin. Ubu buvumbuzi bufungura uburyo bushya bwa zahabu mumirima nko kubika amakuru no kubara.
Kwipimisha magnetism ya zahabu
Ikizamini cya Magnet kuri Zahabu
Mugihe udasobanutse, ikizamini cyoroshye cya maginet gishobora gutanga ubushishozi bwambere mubintu bya zahabu. Zahabu nziza ntigomba kwitwara kuri rukuruzi. Ariko, iki kizamini gifite aho gigarukira kandi ntigomba gushingirwaho wenyine kugirango kwemeza.
Gusobanura gukurura magneti mubintu bya zahabu
Niba ikintu cya zahabu cyerekana gukurura magneti, birashobora kwerekana:
Kubaho kwa ferromagnetic
Gushushanya zahabu hejuru yicyuma cya magnetic
Akazuzwa hamwe nibirimo bifatika bidafite zahabu
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko alloys nziza ya zahabu ishobora kwerekana imitungo mike ya magneti, mugihe ibintu bimwe na bimwe byiganano bishobora kuba magnetic.
Ingaruka zifatika
Inganda zimitako
Inganda zinganda zigurisha kamere ya zahabu itari magnetic muburyo butandukanye. Nk'uko Inama ya Zahabu y'Isi, hafi 50% y'ibisabwa bya zahabu ku isi biva mu mitako. Gusobanukirwa imiterere ya magneti ya alloys zitandukanye za zahabu ni ngombwa kugirango igenzure neza no kwemeza muriki nganda.
Kugenzura Zahabu
Igenzura rya zahabu ryumwuga tekinike nyinshi:
| uburyo | busanzwe | ririmo |
| Xrf isesengura | Ingamba Ziranga X-Imirasire | Hejuru |
| Umuriro | Gutandukanya imiti no gupima | Hejuru cyane |
| Uburemere bwihariye | Gupima ubucucike | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Kwipimisha aside | Kwitegereza imiti | Gushyira mu gaciro |
| Ikizamini cya Magnetic | Igisubizo cya magnetic | Hasi (inzitizi) |
Gusaba mu ikoranabuhanga
Ibintu bidasanzwe bya zahabu, harimo na diamagnetic, shakisha porogaramu mumirima itandukanye yikoranabuhanga:
Ibidukikije bya elegitoroniki: Kamere ya zahabu ntabwo magnetic ituma ingirakamaro kubice mubikoresho bya magneti.
Gutekereza kwa Ubuvuzi: Zahabu Nanoparticles irasakurwa nkabakozi bashingira kuri magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Kubara Quanim: Ibintu bidasanzwe bya magneti ya zahabu nanoparticles ku bushyuhe buke bishobora gukoreshwa muri Quanitum Bit (Qubit).
Umwanzuro
Imitungo ya rukuruzi ya zahabu, cyangwa kubura, ituruka mumiterere yihariye ya atome. Igipimo cyacyo cya diamagnetic gitandukana nubundi byuma byinshi, kigira uruhare mumwanya wihariye mumitako, ikoranabuhanga, nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Mugihe dukomeje gushakisha zahabu kuri Nanoscale kandi mubihe bikabije, dushobora guhishura ibice bishya byimikorere yacyo hamwe na magnetike, birashoboka ko byahinduye imikoreshereze yacyo.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa: Zahabu na Magnetism
Hano hari ibibazo birindwi bikunze kubazwa kubyerekeye imitungo ya magneti, hamwe nibisubizo bisobanutse kandi bigufi:
Ikibazo: ni magnetic ya zahabu?
Oya, zahabu itunganijwe ntabwo ari magnetiki. Bishyizwe mubikorwa nkibikoresho bya diamagnetic, bivuze ko bidashoboka byanze bikunze imirima ya magneti.
Ikibazo: Umukuru ashobora gukomera ku mitako ya zahabu?
Muri rusange, oya. Niba magnet ifatanye na 'zahabu ' zahabu, birashoboka ko ikubiyemo izindi mpande nyinshi cyangwa ntishobora kuba zahabu na gato.
Ikibazo: Kuki muri magnetic ya zahabu?
Zahabu ntabwo ari magnetic kubera imiterere ya atome. Ntabwo ifite electron itagerwaho mubikonoshwa byinyuma, bikenewe kubwimyitwarire ya Fenerromagnetic.
Ikibazo: Irashobora kuba magnetique mubihe byose?
Nibyo, mubihe bikabije. Zahabu Nanoparticles irashobora kwerekana imitungo ya magneti ku bushyuhe buke cyane (munsi ya 10 Kelvin) cyangwa imbere ya magneti bikabije.
Ikibazo: Karat ya zahabu igira ingaruka kumiterere ya magneti?
Yego, mu buryo butaziguye. Hasi ya Karat Zahabu ikubiyemo ibyuma byinshi bitari zahabu, bishobora kumenyekanisha imitungo mike ya magneti bitewe nicyuma cyoherejwe.
Ikibazo: Ese magnenet igerageza inzira yizewe yo kumenya niba hari ikintu nyacyo?
Oya, ntabwo byizewe rwose. Nubwo bishobora kwerekana ko hariho ibyuma bya magneti, ibintu bimwe bya zahabu byimpimbano nabyo ni magnetic. Igomba gukoreshwa ifatanije nubundi buryo bwo gupiganira.
Ikibazo: Haba hari porogaramu zifatika za kamere ya zahabu itari magnetic?
Yego. Umutungo wa zahabu utari Magnetic utuma ari ingirakamaro muri electronics, cyane cyane mubikoresho byoroshye kwivanga kwa magnetic. Nibyiza kandi mu ingufu z'ubuvuzi n'ibikoresho bya siyansi.
Ikibazo: ni magnetic nyayo?
Oya, zahabu itunganijwe ntabwo izigera magnetic. Niba ikintu cyawe cya zahabu gikurura magnet, ntabwo gishobora kuba zahabu nyayo.
Ikibazo: Ese inkoni ya zahabu kuri magneti?
Oya, zahabu nyayo ntabwo ikomera kuri magnets. Ibi nukuri kuburiganya bwose bwa zahabu nziza.
Ikibazo: Ni 14 Karat Zahabu Magnetic?
Mubisanzwe, 14k zahabu ntigomba kuba magnetic. Nyamara, amashure ya zahabu yera ya zahabu arimo nikel ashobora kwerekana imitungo mike ya magneti.
Ikibazo: Ese 10k gukomera kuri magnet?
10k zahabu ntigomba gukomera kuri rukuruzi, nubwo ikubiyemo amatako menshi atari zahabu kuruta zahabu yo hejuru ya Karat. Igikurura icyo ari cyo cyose gikomeye cyerekana igice gishobora kuba ukuri.
Ikibazo: ni impeta za zahabu magnetic?
Impeta ya zahabu nyayo ntigomba kuba magnetic. Niba impeta yawe ya zahabu ikurura magnet, irashobora kuba iz'igihano cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Ikibazo: ni magnetic yera?
Zahabu nziza yera ntabwo ari magnetiki, ariko alloys imwe irimo nikel irashobora kwerekana imiterere mikuru ya magneti.
