Sanu tɛ magɛnni ye a cogo saniyalen na. A bɛ jate diamagnetic ye, a bɛ magnets (magnets) gɛn ni barika ye wa a tɛ se ka magnetized (magneti) ni kuran ye. O kɛcogo in bɛ se ka kɔlɔsi dɔrɔn laboratuwari cogoyaw la minnu bɛ kɔrɔsi.
Nka, ɲinini minnu kɛra kɔsa in na, olu y’a jira ko nafolo minnu bɛ mɔgɔ kɔnɔnafili, olu bɛ nano-skala la. Sanu atomu kulu fitininw bɛ paramagnɛtiki kɛcogo jira, u bɛ baara kɛ i n’a fɔ magɛnni fitininw. O ko in tɛ Kɛ a yɛrɛ la k'a sababu Kɛ sanu ka atomike density (atomikɛ density) ye. Ka Fàra o kan, funteni bɛ Se ka o magɛnni-ko dogolen ninnu bonya.
Hali ni sanu bɛ to magɛnni ye don o don kow la, a kɛcogo bɛ kɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni cogoyaw ye minnu ka jugu kosɛbɛ, o bɛ hakilina ɲumanw di magɛnni cogoya gɛlɛn kan fɛnw na.
Sanu ka magnɛti nafolo .
'is.gold.magnetic' ani 'ye sanu magɛnni ye walima a tɛ' ye ɲininkaliw ye minnu bɛ ɲini ka caya sanu ka nafaw kan. Sanu (taamaʃyɛn Au, atomike numu 79) ye hadamadenya ɲɛnajɛ san ba caman kɔnɔ n’a ɲɛ jɛman jɛman ye ani a ka jogo kabakomaw. Ni a bɛ fɔ magɛnni ni sanu ma, mɔgɔ caman bɛ kabakoya 'a bɛ sanu sama magnet' walima 'is.gold.gold.magnetic' - jaabi bɛ sɔrɔ a ka atomike jɔcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na.
Jaabi jɔnjɔn .
Minnu bɛ ɲininkali kɛ 'Does Gold Stick to Magnets' walima 'Yala sanu magɛnni ye ɔwɔ ye walima ayi,' jaabi nɔgɔman filɛ nin ye: Sanu saniyalen tɛ magɛnni ye. A tɛ magɛnni sama, wa a tɛ mɔgɔw sama fana. I b'i yɛrɛ ɲininka 'Magnet Gold' jɛɲɔgɔnyaw la walima ni 'a bɛna sanu ta,' sanu ka diamagnetiki cogoya faamuyali ye fɛnba ye walasa k'a kɛcogo faamuya.
Sanu ka magɛnni ɲɛfɔli dɔnniya dɔnniya .
Faamuyali 'Gold magnetism' bɛ a ka atomike sigicogo lajɛ. Ni mɔgɔw ye 'Will gold nɔrɔ magnet' walima 'Can magnets pick up gold,' jaabi bɛ sɔrɔ Gold ka ɛntɛrinɛti cogoya la.
Sanu ka atomike sigicogo .
Sanu ka magɛnni kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen bɛ Bɔ a ka atomikɛlan jɔcogo la. Ni ɛlektrɔni cogoya ye [XE] 4F⊃1;⁴ 5D⊃1;⁰ 6S⊃1;Sanu ye 5D fitinin falen ye pewu ani ɛlektrɔni kelen bɛ 6s orbital kɔnɔ. O cogoya in bɛ Nà ni ɛlektrɔnikiw ye minnu ma Kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, minnu bɛ Kɛ sababu ye ka magɛnni nafaw Sɔrɔ fɛnw na.
| Elektɔronw ka | elekitɔnw hakɛ . |
| K (1s) . | 2 |
| L (2s, 2p) . | 8 |
| M (3S, 3P, 3d) . | 18 |
| N (4s, 4p, 4d, 4f) . | 32 |
| o (5s, 5p, 5d) . | 18 |
| P (6s) . | 1 |
Diamagnetism ye sanu ye .
Diamagnetisme, o ye nafolo ye min bɛ jira sanu fɛ, o ye magnetisme (magnetisme) suguya jɔnjɔn ye, fɛn bɛɛ bɛ min na fo ka se hakɛ dɔ ma. Diamagnetic materials kɔnɔ, magnétiques (magnɛti-yɔrɔ) minnu bɛ Bɔ orbital électron mouvement (orbital électron motion) la, olu bɛ Bɔ, o bɛ Nà ni kɔsegin barikamaba ye magnetic fields (magnetiki) kɛnɛma.
Ka kɛɲɛ ni ɲininiw ye minnu bɔra Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2008) kɔnɔ, Gold ka hakɛ magɛnni hakɛ 20°C bɛ -3,44 × 10⁻⁵ ɲɔgɔn na, o b’a jira k’a ka diamagnetiki cogoya bɛ yen. O nafa jugu in b’a jira ko sanu bɛ magɛnni fanga dɔgɔya ni fanga ye, min bɛ danfara don ni fɛn ye min bɛ ye feromagnetiki fɛnw na.
Taamacogo magɛnni barikamaw la .
Hali ni sanu tɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni magɛnni ye cogoya la, a bɛ se ka kɛwale nafamaw jira cogoya juguw la. San 2014, Radboud Iniwɛrisite Nijmegen ka ɲininikɛlaw y’a jira ko sanu bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ magɛnni barikama la k’a sababu kɛ a ka diamagnetic properties ye. O kεcogo in tun b’a ɲini ka magɛnni fanga sɔrɔ 16 Tesla ɲɔgɔn na, a barika ka bon kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ du kɔnɔ magɛnni danma kan (a ka c’a la, a ka dɔgɔ ni 1 Tesla ye).
Fɛn minnu bɛ sanu ka magɛnni nafa .
Sanu saniyalen .
Sanu saniya bɛ nɔba bila a ka magɛnni kɛcogo la. Sanu saniyalen (24 karat) b’a ka diamagnetiki nafaw mara tuma bɛɛ. Nka, karat sanulama bɛ fɛn wɛrɛw don minnu bɛ se k’a ka magɛnni jaabi Changer.
| Karat | sanu kɔnɔkow | typique alloying nɛgɛw . |
| 24k . | 99,9% ye . | Mɔgɔ si tɛ (sanu saniyalen) . |
| 22k . | 91,7% ye . | Wari, Kupu . |
| 18k . | 75,0% . | Wari, Kupu, zinki |
| 14k . | 58,3% . | warijɛ, nɛgɛ, zinki, nikɛri . |
| 10k . | 41,7% ye . | warijɛ, nɛgɛ, zinki, nikɛri . |
Sanu Alloys ani magnetisme .
Sanumanw, minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya biyew ni iziniw kɔnɔ, olu bɛ se ka magɛnni jogo caman jira ka kɛɲɛ n’u labɛncogo ye. Misali la, sanu finman dɔw bɛ yen nikɛri bɛ minnu na, olu bɛ se ka magnɛti-yɔrɔ dɔɔnin jira. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli dɔ min bɔra The Gold Bulletin (2014) kɔnɔ, o y’a jira ko sanu nɛgɛso dɔw bɛ se ka feromagnetiki jogo jira so funteni na ni nɛgɛ hakɛ tɛmɛna atomikɛ kɛmɛsarada la 15 kan.
nano-scale kɛcogo .
Kɔsa in na, ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra nanoteknoloji la, olu ye kabako magɛnni jogo jira sanu nanoko la. San 2004 sɛgɛsɛgɛli dɔ min bɔra farikololajɛ sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ, o y’a jira ko sanu nanoparticules minnu ka dɔgɔn ni nanometre 2 ye, olu bɛ se ka feromagnetiki kɛcogo jira funteni na min bɛ 10 kelvin duguma. O sɔrɔli in bɛ sanu sɔrɔcogo kura da mɔgɔw ɲɛ na forow la i n’a fɔ kunnafonidilanw marali ani jatebɔ quantum.
Kɔrɔbɔli sanu ka magɛnni .
magnet test ka sanu .
Hali n’a ma dafa, magɛnni sɛgɛsɛgɛli nɔgɔman bɛ se ka hakilina fɔlɔw di fɛn dɔ ka sanu hakɛ kan. Sanu saniyalen man kan ka jaabi di magɛnni ma. Nka, dan bɛ nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in na, wa a man kan ka da a kan dɔrɔn walasa ka tiɲɛni kɛ.
Magnetic Attraction kɔrɔfɔli Sanu fɛnw na .
Ni sanu fɛn dɔ bɛ magɛnni ja jira, o bɛ se k’a jira ko:
Nɔgɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ feromagnetiki la .
Sanu plating over a magnetic base metal .
Alloy min kɔnɔfɛn nafamaw tɛ yen .
A nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ k’a dɔn ko sanu fɛn lakika dɔw bɛ se ka magɛnni nafa dɔɔnin jira, k’a sɔrɔ fɛn nkalonma dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ magnɛti tɛ.
A bɛ se ka kɛ cogo min na .
Bijoux industrie .
Biyefeerelaw bɛ sanu ka non-magnétique (magnetiki) cogoya caman na. Diɲɛ sanu tɔnba ka fɔ la, diɲɛ sanu ɲinini 50% ɲɔgɔn bɛ bɔ biyew la. Sanuman suguya wɛrɛw ka magɛnni nafaw faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ jogoɲini ni tiɲɛni na nin baara in na.
Sanu sɛgɛsɛgɛli .
Sanu sɛgɛsɛgɛli baarakɛlaw bɛ fɛɛrɛ caman de kan:
| fɛɛrɛ | sariyakolo | tiɲɛni . |
| XRF sɛgɛsɛgɛli . | Sumanikɛlanw bɛ kɛ ni X-ray ye . | Jamanjan |
| Tasuma sɛgɛsɛgɛli . | kemikɛli farali ni peseli . | Kosɛbɛ sanfɛ . |
| Gravité spécifique . | density sumani . | Ka bɛrɛbɛn |
| Asidi sɛgɛsɛgɛli . | Kimikɛ ka waleyali kɔlɔsili . | Ka bɛrɛbɛn |
| magnɛti sɛgɛsɛgɛli . | Jaabi magɛnni . | A ka dɔgɔn (a bɛ fara a kan) . |
Aplikasi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛko la .
Gold ka nafolo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw, n’a ka diamagnetiki cogoya bɛ yen, olu bɛ baarakɛminɛnw sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛko siratigɛ caman na:
Elektroniki: Sanu ka cogoya min tɛ magnɛti ye, o b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ fɛnw ma minnu bɛ sɔrɔ magɛnni foro kɔnɔ.
Dɔgɔtɔrɔso ja: Sanu nanoparticules bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka kɛ fɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛnw lajɛ (MRI).
quantum computing: Sanu nanoparticules ka magnétique properties (nanoparticules) minnu tɛ deli ka kɛ funteni dɔgɔyali la, olu bɛ se ka kɛ quantum bitiki (Qubit) baarakɛcogo ye.
Kuncɛli
Sanu ka magɛnni nafaw, walima a dɛsɛ, o bɛ bɔ a ka atomikɛlan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na. A ka diamagnetiki cogoya b’a faranfasi ka bɔ nɛgɛ caman wɛrɛw la, k’a dɛmɛ a jɔyɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na biyew, fɛɛrɛ kuraw ani dɔnniya ɲininiw na. Ni an bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka sanu sɛgɛsɛgɛ nano-skala la ani cogo juguw la, an bɛ se k’a ka jɛɲɔgɔnya fan kuraw sɔrɔ ni magɛnni yɔrɔw ye, o bɛ se ka fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya a baaracogo la fɛɛrɛ nataw la.
Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na: Sanu ni magɛnni .
Nin ye ɲininkali wolonwula ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya sanu ka magɛnni nafaw kan, ka fara jaabi jɛlenw ni jaabi surunw kan:
J: Yala sanu saniyalen magɛnni ye wa?
Ayi, sanu saniyalen tɛ magɛnni ye. A bɛ jate diamagnetic material ye, o kɔrɔ ye ko a barika ka dɔgɔ magnetic fields fɛ.
J: Yala magɛnni bɛ se ka nɔrɔ sanu biyew la wa?
Jɛnkulu, ayi. Ni magɛnni bɛ nɔrɔ i ka 'Gold' biye la, a ka c'a la, nɛgɛ wɛrɛw hakɛ caman bɛ a la walima a bɛ se ka kɛ sanu ye fewu.
J: Mun na sanu magɛnni tɛ?
Sanu tɛ magɛnni ye k'a sababu Kɛ a ka atomikɛlan ye. Elektɔronw tɛ a kɔkanna-kɔnɔ-fɛnw na, minnu ka kan ka Kɛ feromagnetiki kɛcogo la.
J: Yala sanu bɛ se ka kɛ magɛnni ye cogo dɔ la wa?
Ɔwɔ, cogoya juguw la. Sanu nanoparticules bɛ se ka magnetic properties jira funteni dɔgɔyalenba la (10 kelvin jukɔrɔ) walima ni magnetic fields barikamaba bɛ yen.
J: Yala sanu karati bɛ nɔ bila a ka magɛnni cogoyaw la wa?
Ɔwɔ, indirectement. Nɛgɛ minnu tɛ sanu ye, olu bɛ sɔrɔ karati duguma, olu bɛ se ka magɛnni kɛcogo dɔɔni don ka kɛɲɛ ni nɛgɛw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye.
J: Yala magɛnni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ se ka da a kan walasa k’a dɔn ni fɛn dɔ ye sanu yɛrɛ ye wa?
Ayi, a tɛ se ka da a kan pewu. Hali n’a bɛ Se k’a Jira ko nɛgɛ magɛntaw bɛ yen, sanu fɛn nkalonma dɔw fana tɛ magnɛti ye. A ka kan ka baara kɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw ye.
J: Yala sanu ka baara kɛcogo ɲuman dɔw bɛ yen wa?
Awɔ. Gold ka nafolo min tɛ magnɛti ye, o b’a to a nafa ka bon ɛntɛrinɛti la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, minɛnw na minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ni magɛnni ye. A nafa ka bon fana furakɛli-minɛnw na ani dɔnniya-minɛn dɔw la.
J: Yala sanu magɛnni lakika don wa?
Ayi, sanu saniyalen tɛ magɛn abada. Ni i ka sanu fɛn bɛ sama ka na magɛnni na, a bɛ se ka kɛ ko a tɛ sanu lakika ye.
J: Sanu bɛ nɔrɔ magɛnni na wa?
Ayi, sanu lakika tɛ nɔrɔ magɛnni na. O ye tiɲɛ ye sanu saniyalen saniyalenw bɛɛ la.
J: Yala 14 karat sanu magnɛti ye wa?
A ka c’a la, 14K sanu man kan ka kɛ magnɛti ye. Nka, sanu finman 14K dɔw bɛ yen nikɛri bɛ minnu na, olu bɛ se ka magɛnni kɛcogo dɔw jira.
J: Yala 10K sanu bɛ nɔrɔ magɛnni na wa?
10K Sanu man kan ka nɔrɔ magɛnni na, hali ni nɛgɛ minnu tɛ sanu ye, olu ka ca ni karat sanu sanfɛta ye. Magnetic attraction barikama o barikama b’a jira ko o yɔrɔ bɛ se ka kɛ tiɲɛ ye.
J: Yala sanu bololanɛgɛw ye magɛnni ye wa?
Sanu bololanɛgɛ lakikaw man kan ka kɛ magɛnni ye. Ni aw ka sanubɔlan bɛ sama ka na magɛnni na, a bɛ se ka kɛ sanu ye walima a bɛ kɛ ni fɛn wɛrɛw ye.
J: Yala sanu finman magɛnni ye wa?
Sanu finman fanba tɛ magɛnni ye, nka nikɛri bɛ a la, o dɔw bɛ se ka magɛnni kɛcogo dɔw jira.
