Fibre ifite uruhare rukomeye mu nganda zinyuranye, kuva mu myambaro no mumodoka kuri elegitoroniki nubwubatsi. Muri iyi fibre, polmamide na nylon ni ibitekerezo byimbitse bitewe numutungo wabo wihariye no guhinduranya. Polyamides numuryango wa polymers urangwa no kuba hari imipaka yimitima yabo yimiti, hamwe na nylon kuba igice kizwi cyiri tsinda.
Iyi ngingo igamije gusobanura itandukaniro kandi bisa hagati ya polyamide na Nylon, byongerera umusomyi gusobanukirwa nibi bikoresho byingenzi. Mugutandukanya ubwoko bwa fibre, dushobora kurushaho gushima akamaro kayo mu nganda zigezweho kandi tugafata ibyemezo byuzuye mubuhanga hamwe nubumenyi bwimyenda.
Polimamide ni iki?
Polyamides numuryango wibikoresho bishimishije, haba mubisanzwe bibaho kandi bikaba byakozwe neza, bizwi kubwimbaraga zabo zidasanzwe, guhinduka, no kuramba. Reka twinjire mwisi ya polyamide, dushakisha ibisobanuro byabo, gushyira mu bikorwa, imiterere yimiti, umutungo, ubwoko, hamwe nibisabwa mu nganda.
Ibisobanuro no gushyira mu byiciro Polmamide
Polsides ni polymer zirimo gusubiramo kumutima (-CO-NH-) muburyo bwabo. Ibi bikoresho bifatika birashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro nkibisanzwe na synthique:
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2.Synthetic polyamide: Byakozwe mu buhanzi, Polyitike Polyamide irashyirwa mu bikorwa muri:
A. Polyatic Polyamide (urugero, Nylon 6, Nylon 6/6)
B.Ibiciro bya polyatic cyangwa amide (urugero, Nomex®, Kevlar®)
c.semi-aromatic polyamide cyangwa polyphthamide (urugero, zytel®, Rislan®)
Imiterere yimiti numutungo wa polyamide
Inyuma ya polyamide igizwe no gusubiramo amatsinda ya amide (-Nh-co-) ihujwe na costalet. Kubaho kw'amasuka ya hydrogen hagati yiyi matsinda bitanga umusanzu mubikoresho, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, no kurwanya imiti.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bya Polyamide birimo:
Imbaraga za kanseri yinshi ningaruka zo kurwanya ingaruka
Kurambagiza Icyubahiro na Abrasion
Guhinduka no kwimura
Kurwanya imiti, amavuta, na socieven
Gurwanya ubushyuhe (biratandukanye n'ubwoko)
Ubwoko bwa Polyamide nikoreshwa ryabo
Ubwoko bwa Polyamide
Polyamide irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa bitatu byingenzi:
1.aliphatic polyamide: Muri byo harimo amanota menshi ya Nylon, nka Nylon 6 na Nylon 6/6. Bazwiho imbaraga zabo nyinshi, kuramba, no kurwanya Aburamu.
2.Ibisobanuro bya polyamic (Themide): Ingero zirimo Nomex® na kevlar®. Aya polside yerekana ituze ryiza cyane ryumuriro nimbaraga ndende ndende, bigatuma bikwiranye no gusaba ibyifuzo.
3.Smi-aromadic polyamide (polyphthalamide (Polyphthalamides): nka Zytel® na Rislan®, tanga imitungo idasanzwe, itanga imitungo yubushyuhe bwinshi.
Incamake yinganda nibicuruzwa bikoresha polyamide
Polyamides Shakisha Porogaramu munganda nyinshi bitewe n'imitungo yabo idasanzwe kandi itandukanye:
● Imodoka: Polmamide ikoreshwa mugukora amashanyarazi, sisitemu ya lisansi, nibice byimbere.
● Aerospace: Aramide ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bigizwe nibice byindege.
● Imyenda: Nylon ikoreshwa cyane mumyenda, imyenda ya siporo, nimyenda yinganda.
Sletronics: Igice cya kabiri cya Semi-Aromatiya gikoreshwa mu bihuza, guhinduranya, n'abavunaga ku muzunguruko.
● Ibicuruzwa by'umuguzi: Polyamid Polyamide uboneka mubicuruzwa nko koza amenyo, ibimamara, hamwe na firime zo gupakira ibiryo.
Ingero zirambuye zo mu Mirenge
1.Ubufasha:
Igisubizo.
B.Polyphthalalide (PPA) ikoreshwa mugukora ibinyabuzima bya peteroli na moteri.
c.
2.Aeropace:
A.Nomex® ikoreshwa mugukora indege zirwanya umuriro hamwe nimyenda ikingira abaderevu nabakozi.
B.Kevlar® ikoreshwa mugukora ingirakamaro, ibikoresho byimbaraga nyinshi bigizwe ninzego zindege.
C.Nnylon ikoreshwa mugukora parafute ninshuzi.
3.Ibisobanuro:
A.nylon 6 na Nylon 6/6 bikoreshwa cyane mugukora imyenda, koga, hamwe nimyenda ya siporo.
B.Kevlar® ikoreshwa mugukora imyenda ikingira, nka veletleptleof ya vests hanyuma ukandagira uturindantoki.
C.Nomex® ikoreshwa mu gukora umusaruro w'imirimo irwanya umuriro n'inganda.
Uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro
Polyamide irashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo:
● Polycondesation: Gufata Diamine hamwe na Dicarboxycclic acide cyangwa chloride ya diacid
Ing-Gufungura Amashanyarazi: Amashami ya Poly amct nka Caprolactam (Nylon 6)
● Polymeration PolyMacial: Gukora film ya Polyemide kumurongo wibintu bibiri bidasobanutse
Guhitamo uburyo bwumusaruro biterwa nubwoko bwa Polyamide bifuza, imitungo, no kurangiza-gukoresha.
Nylon ni iki?
Nylon, fibre ya synthetique, yahinduye inganda zifite imitungo idasanzwe hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye. Muri iki gice, tuzajya gucengera mu isi ya Nylon, dusuzuma ibisobanuro byayo, ibigize imiti, synthesis, imitungo, ubwoko, no gukoresha neza.
Ibisobanuro bya Nylon
Nylon ni polymockelaki yubukorikori nkumuryango wa Polyemide. Byateguwe bwa mbere na Wallace Carothers nitsinda rye kuri Dupoont muri 1930 nkubundi buryo bwo kuri silk. Nylon ikomoka kumiti ishingiye kuri peteroli, mubisanzwe diamine na asidegoxyclic
Amabwiriza rusange yimiti kuri Nylon ni:
[-nh- (ch2) x-nh-co- (ch2) y-co-] n
Aho:
● x na y zerekana umubare wa atome ya karubone muri diamine na acide ya dicarboxike
● n igereranya urwego rwa polymeration
Umutungo wa Nylon
Umutungo wihariye wa Nylon utuma ibikoresho byatoranijwe mubisabwa bitandukanye:
1.Hight imbaraga zikangu no kuramba
2.Bexcent abrasion no kwambara
3.Guhira ubuhehere no kumisha vuba
4.Sesisence kumiti, amavuta, na socieven
5.Biza kandi biramburwa
6.Umuhanda wo kurwanya no gushikama
7.Murimbe no gutunganya byoroshye
Ibi biranga bituma Nylon ahangana nibibazo bikaze, komeza imiterere, kandi utange imikorere yizewe mugusaba ibidukikije.
Ubwoko bwa Nylon
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa Nylon burahari, buri kimwe gifite imitungo yihariye kandi ikoresha:
Ubwoko | Ibihimbano | Umutungo & Gukoresha |
Nylon 6 | Polycaprolactam | Ikomeye, ikomeye, kandi irwanya Aburamu; ikoreshwa mumyenda, ibice byimodoka, hamwe nibicuruzwa byabaguzi |
Nylon 6,6 | Hexamethylemenine + acide adipic | Ingingo yo gushonga cyane, gukomera, n'imbaraga; ikoreshwa mu nganda zinganda, imigozi, n'amapine |
Nylon 11 | 11-AcinoCanoic Acide | Kwinjiza mu buryo buke no kurwanya imiti myinshi; ikoreshwa mumirongo ya lisansi nibicuruzwa bya siporo |
Nylon 12 | Laugaralactam | Ingaruka nziza nziza n'imbaraga z'ikirere; ikoreshwa mu bikoresho no mu nganda |
Gusaba Nylon
Ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi hamwe nibikorwa byinganda
Nylon ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinshi bya buri munsi hamwe nibikorwa byinganda, harimo:
1.Girango: Imyenda ya siporo, Swimwear, hosiery, na lingerie
2.Carpets na Upholsters
3.ropes, imigozi, na platt
Imirongo y'indobagara
5.Kongeramo hamwe n'ibimamara
6.Urutonde rwabakozi
7.Guiar Imirongo n'imirongo ya Tennis
8.3D Icapiro
Ikoreshwa rya nylon mu nganda zitandukanye
1.Ibisobanuro bya Nylon, imbaraga za Nylon, hamwe nubushuhe-buture-buture butuma bigira intego yimyenda, cyane cyane mumikino ngororamubiri hamwe nibikoresho byo hanze. Kuramba kwayo no kwiteza imbere na abrasion nabyo bituma bikwiranye na tapi no hejuru.
2.Yautautive: Nylon ikoreshwa mugukora ibice bitandukanye byimodoka, nka:
A.ire (gushimangira)
B.Airbags
c imirongo hamwe na tubing
d.ibikoresho
3.Gukoresha: Filime za Nyn zikoreshwa mubipfunyika ibiryo kubera amazi yabo meza cyane, afasha kubungabunga ibishya no kwagura ubuzima bwa filf. Nylon nayo ikoreshwa mugukora amacupa n'ibikoresho.
4.Imyanya ya Nylon ya Nylon ya Nylon yifatabuho kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bituma bikwiranye no gukoresha ibice by'amashanyarazi, nk'abahuza no guhinduranya.
5.Ubwinshi bwa Nylon n'imbazu ya Nylon bifite agaciro mu nganda gusaba, nk'abakandara, ibikoresho, ibikoresho.
Udushya kandi twinshi
1.Ibisobanuro bya Nylon bikoreshwa mugukora umusaruro woroshye, ibice byimbaraga nyinshi byindege, nkabakorikori imbere no kwivomera.
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3.Ibikoresho byo gukora: Nylon Powers bikoreshwa mu icapiro rya 3D, bifasha kurema ibice bikomeye, byoroshye, kandi biramba bya prototyping no gukoresha porogaramu.
4.Sectts Ibikoresho: imbaraga za Nylon-ku buremere ku buremere no kurwanya ingaruka bituma bigira intego yo gukoresha ibikoresho bya siporo, nk'ingofero, ibikoresho byo kurinda, n'inzani zo kurinda.
Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya Nylon mumirenge itandukanye
Umurenge | Porogaramu |
Imyenda | Imyenda, imyenda ya siporo, hosiery, tapi, upholsters |
Automotive | Amapine, Umuyoboro, imirongo ya lisansi, ibikoresho, kwikorera |
Gupakira | Firime yo gupakira ibiryo, amacupa, kontineri |
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki | Guhuza, guhinduranya, kwigana |
Inganda | Umukandara, ibikoresho, kwivuza, imigozi, inshundura |
Ikoreshwa ritandukanye rya Nylon ryerekana ko rihuza n'imihindagurikire y'inganda zinyuranye. Nkuko ubushakashatsi niterambere bukomeza, turashobora kwitega kubona no kubona udushya dukoresha ibintu bidasanzwe, dusunika imipaka yibintu bishoboka mubikoresho byubumenyi nubuhanga.
Nylon Umusaruro wa Nylon
Nylon isanzwe ikorwa muburyo bukurikira:
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2.Gusoni: Polten Polymer yashonze binyuze muri spinnerets kugirango ikore fibre, hanyuma irambuye kandi igakurwa kugirango ihuze iminyururu ya polymer no kongera imbaraga.
3.Kutunganya: Gutunganya: Nylon Fibs cyangwa resive irashobora kunyuramo ubuvuzi bwinyongera nko gushiraho ubushyuhe, gusiga irangi, cyangwa guteranya hamwe ninyongera kugirango ugere kumiterere yifuzwa.
Gutera imbere muri Nylon umusaruro wa Nylon, nko gutunganya ibiryo na bio bishingiye ku masuka, intego yo guteza imbere kuramba no kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije.
Isesengura rya Polyamide na Nylon
Mugihe Polyamide na Nylon bakunze gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe, habaho itandukaniro riri hagati yibi bikoresho byombi. Muri iki gice, tuzakora isesengura igereranya rya Polyamide na Nylon, gusuzuma imiterere yabo, imitungo, porogaramu, iramba, no gukora neza.
Isano iri hagati ya Nylon na Polmamide
- fibre zombi ni polymers
- byombi ni fibre
- Fibre zombi zirashobora kuba synthique
- Fibre zombi ziraramba
- fibre zombi zifite imbaraga nyinshi
- Fibre zombi zikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byabaguzi
Imiterere yimiti hamwe nibigize ibihimbano
Polyamides ni umuryango wagutse wa polymers urangwa no kuba hari ingwate (-CO-NH-) mumiterere yabo ya molekelar. Nylon, kurundi ruhande, ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa synthetic polmamide. Itandukaniro ryingenzi mubijyanye n'imiti yabo ni:
● Nylon afite imiterere imwe na polar ugereranije nibindi polyamide
Gutegura amatsinda ya amide muri Nylon ibisubizo bya Hydrogène bikomeye, bitanga umusanzu ku mbaraga zisumba izindi no kuramba
Itandukaniro ryimiterere rigira izihe ngaruka kumiterere yumubiri na shimi ya Nylon nandi Polyamide.
Itandukaniro ry'umubiri na chimique
Umutungo | Nylon | Polyamide |
Imbaraga n'imbara | Imbaraga za kanseri yo hejuru no kurwanya ambusion | Biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa polyamide |
Kwishyiriraho | Kwikuramo ubuhehere, kwiyuhagira vuba | Kwikuramo ubushuhe hejuru ugereranije na nylon |
Gushonga ingingo hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro | Gushonga hirya no hino hamwe no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza | Biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa polyamide |
Kurwanya Abrosion | Kurwanya Itara ryiza | Mubisanzwe nibyiza, ariko ntabwo ari byinshi nka Nylon |
Imbaraga zisumba izindi nylon, kuramba, no kurwanya ubuhehere na Abrasion bituma habaho guhitamo gufata inganda.
Isomo ryo gusaba
Polyamide na Nylon Shakisha porogaramu mu nganda zinyuranye, ariko imanza zabo zihariye zitandukanijwe:
1.Ibiciro byo gusaba:
Igisubizo Gutera inshinge : Imirongo ya lisansi, gufata umwuka, gufata moteri
b.
C.Ikunda: Ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti, imiyoboro ya peteroli & gaze
2.Ibiciro bya porogaramu:
A.GXiles: Imyenda, Imyenda Yumukino, Hosiery, Carpets
B.Autimotive: Ibikoresho, kwivuza, indege, ipine
C.Consumer Ibicuruzwa: amenyo, ibimamara, firime zo gupakira ibiryo
Imbaraga zidasanzwe za Nylon nimbaro zituma bigira intego yo gusaba byinshi, mugihe polyamide itanga ibintu byinshi bifatika bikwiranye nibikoresho byihariye.
Ibyiza n'ibibi
Ibikoresho | Ibyiza | Ibibi |
Nylon | - Imbaraga nyinshi nimbaro - Kurwanya Itara ryiza - Kwinjiza mu buryo buke - Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza | - Igiciro kinini ugereranije na polyamide - Kurwanya Imiti Kurwanya Acide ikomeye na Base |
Polyamide | - Umubare munini wimitungo ukurikije ubwoko - Kurwanya imiti myiza - bikwiranye nibikoresho bitandukanye byinganda | - Imbaraga zo hasi no kuramba ugereranije na nylon - Kwinjiza neza - Ubwoko bumwe bushobora kugira ubushyuhe bwo hasi |
Guhitamo hagati ya Nylon na Polmamide biterwa nibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu nibidukikije.
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije no Kuramba
Nylon na Polmamide bombi bakomoka mu buryo budashingiye kuri peteroli bushingiye ku buryo budashoboka, bitera impungenge kubijyanye no ibidukikije. Ariko, hari imbaraga zo kuzamura ibiranuka:
● Bishingiye kuri Ablons bio na poltamide birimo gutezimbere ukoresheje ibiryo bishobora kongerwa nkamavuta ya soator
● Gusubiramo ikoranabuhanga biratera imbere kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije.
Guhitamo hagati ya nylon na polimide uhereye kumyumvire irambye biterwa nibintu nkibikorwa byihariye byo gukora, gucunga impengamikorere, hamwe nubuzima bwubuzima, no kuboneka kubundi buryo bwurubuga.
Ibiciro-byiza
Ibiciro bikabije byo gukoresha Nylon na Polyamide biratandukanye bitewe na porogaramu no gukora neza:
● Nylon muri rusange afite igiciro kinini ugereranije na polyamide kubera imitungo yayo yisumbuye
● Icyakora, Uburamba bwa Nylon burambye nubuzima burebure burashobora kuvugurura ibiciro byambere mugihe kirekire
● Polmamide itanga amahitamo yagutse bitewe nuburyo bwihariye na amanota
Abakora bagomba gukora isesengura ryuzuye barebye ibintu nkibintu bifatika, ibisabwa bisabwa, hamwe nibinini byumusaruro kugirango umenye amahitamo asigaye hagati ya Nylon na Polyemide.
Gusaba inganda no kwiga
Polyamide na Nylon byagaragaye ko biba ibikoresho bitagereranywa mu nganda zitandukanye, mukebabintu byabo byihariye. Muri iki gice, tuzasesesha ibyifuzo byisi no kwiga ku isi no kwiga byerekana uburyo ibyo bikoresho byahinduye ibikoresho, imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'imirenge.
Gukoresha Automotive ya Polyamide na Nylon
Inganda zimodoka zakiriye cyane Polyamide na Nylon kubera kuramba kwabo, imbaraga, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bushyuha n'imiti. Hano haribisabwa byingenzi:
1.Ibice bikoreshwa: Polmamide ikoreshwa mugukora ibintu byinshi bivuza, ibifuniko bya valve, na peteroli, mbikesha peteroli, mbikesha ubushyuhe bwabo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no gushikama.
2.Neses ya 2. Nylon ihitamo imirongo ya lisansi, tanks ya lisansi, hamwe no guhuza byihuse kubera kurwanya imiti no kumererwa hasi.
3.Ibice byinshi: Polmamide na Nylon bikoreshwa mugukora indorerwamo yimitsi, ibifuniko byuruziga, hamwe na radiyo, bitanga ubwoko bwo kurwanya ingaruka, batihanganye.
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Udushya twimyenda hamwe na Nylon
Nylon yahinduye inganda zimbuto hamwe numutungo wihariye kandi wihariye. Impano zose ziboneye zirimo:
1.Imikino yo kumera neza: Ubushuhe bwa Nylon, bwumye, kandi burambukiranya, kandi burabyutsa imitungo ituma ari byiza kumyenda yimikino ngororamubiri, koga, hamwe nibikoresho byo hanze.
2.Imyenda ya Nylon, Nylon's Imbaraga nyinshi za Abrosion na Abrosion zifasha umusaruro w'imyenda irambye yo hejuru, imizigo, hamwe ninganda.
3. Udushya tudashoboka: Bio-ishingiye kuri Nylons, yakomokaga kubikoresho bishobora kongerwa nkimarana, ni ugukurura nkibidukikije muburyo bwibidukikije.
Polimamide muri electronics na Engineering
Polyamides yasanze ikoreshwa cyane muri elegitoroniki n'imirenge y'uburatora kubera imitungo yabo y'amashanyarazi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, n'imbaraga z'ubushyuhe.
1.Ibikoresho bigize: Polmamide ikoreshwa mugukora ibihuza, guhinduranya, no kumena umuzunguruko, gutanga intanga zizewe no kuramba.
2.Icyifuzo kandi kirimo imitsi ya Nylon ya Nylon
3.3D Icapiro: Poltamide, cyane cyane Nylon 12, yabaye ibikoresho bizwi byo kongeraho gukora, bigakorwa ibice bikomeye, byoroshye, nibikorwa bya prototyping no gukoresha-porogaramu.
4.Gears no Kwikorera: Umutungo wa Nylon wihishe hamwe no kurwanya kwambara kubigira ibikoresho byiza mubikoresho, kwivuza, nibindi bigize byimuka mu mashini nibikoresho.
Izi nizo ngero nkeya zukuntu Polyamide na Nylon byahindutse inganda binyuze mumitungo yabo yihariye hamwe nibisabwa bishya. Nkuko ubushakashatsi niterambere bikomeza, turashobora kwitega kubona no gukoresha umwanya ukoreshwa mubikoresho bisanzwe mugihe kizaza.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati ya Polyamide na Nylon?
Igisubizo: Polyamide irashobora kuba karemano cyangwa synthique, mugihe nylon buri gihe ari synthique. Nylon ifite ubuhanga bwo kurwanya ubuhehere na Polar, imiterere yubusa. Ibiranga Polyamide biterwa na gahunda ya molecular, ariko Nylon yahagaritse imbaraga nyinshi no kuramba.
Ikibazo: Polyemide na nylon bakoreshwa kimwe?
Igisubizo: Ntabwo Polyamide zose ni Nyubahiro, nubwo nylon ni ubwoko bwa poliamide. Amahitamo aterwa no gusaba no kwifuzwa. Nylon akenshi ikundwa kugirango ihendurwa, gutunganya byoroshye, hamwe numutungo uringaniye.
Ikibazo: Nigute ushobora kumenya ibicuruzwa bya Polyamide na Nylon?
Igisubizo: Kumenya ibicuruzwa bya Polyamide na Nylon nta bigeragezo biragoye. Kumenyekanisha bigaragara biragoye kubera kubura ibintu bitandukanye. Gupima laboratoire cyangwa kugisha inama imidugararo ni uburyo bwizewe buranga.
Ikibazo: Ese Polyamide na Nylon basubiramo? Ibikoresho byombi birashobora gutungura?
Igisubizo: Yego, Polmamide na Nylon basubijwemo no gushonga no kuvugurura. Gutunganya bigabanya imyanda no kubungabunga umutungo. Gutunganya neza biterwa no gukusanya, gutondekanya, no gutunganya ibikorwa remezo.
Ikibazo: Hariho polyamide karemano?
Igisubizo: Yego, Polyamide karemano harimo poroteyine nkubwoya, silk, colagen, na keratin. Ibi biva mu masoko ashobora kongerwa hamwe numutungo udasanzwe. Nylon na Polyamide nyinshi basiba imiti ishingiye kuri peteroli.
Ikibazo: Nibihe bikoresho bikwiranye no gusaba hanze?
Igisubizo: Nylon irakwiriye gukoresha hanze ugereranije nibindi bishyu. Ifite uburyohe buhebuje, imbaraga nyinshi, kuramba, na UV irwanya UV. Ibi bintu bituma NYLON YASOBANYE kubikoresho byo hanze no kubikoresho.
Ikibazo: Ni nylon iramba kurusha izindi polyamide?
Igisubizo: Yego, nylon birazwi ko kuramba bidasanzwe ugereranije na polyamide nyinshi. Ingabo zayo zikomeye kandi koko ari ko hahoro hasanzuye kugira uruhare mu mbaraga zidasanzwe, ibyuma bya Aburamu, no kwihangana. Nylon yahisemo kubisabwa bisaba imikorere yanyuma.
