Kubumba kwa Nano bibumba ni impinduramatwara. Nigute? Kubigeraho neza. Tekereza kurema uburyo buto kuruta micron! Ikoranabuhanga, ubwihindurize bwa gakondo Gutera inshinge , bifungura imipaka mishya mubyo gukora. Muri iyi nyandiko, uzamenya amateka, iterambere, n'ingaruka munganda zitandukanye. Komeza ukurikirane kugirango umenye ubushobozi bwo guhinduka bwo kubumba bwa Nano.
Gutera Nano Kubumba (NMT) nubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu bihuza ibyuma na plastike kurwego rwa Nanoscale. Nuburyo-bwubuhanzi-ubuhanzi buhuza amahame ya NanoteChlogy hamwe no gutesha agaciro gakondo.
NMT ikubiyemo gutera inshinge ya pulasitike ahantu habi birimo ibiranga Nanoscale. Ibi bintu birashobora kuba bike nkabantu 0.5, kwemerera kurema ibintu bifatika kandi byukuri hejuru yigice cyabujijwe.
Urufunguzo rwa NMT ruri mumashanyarazi yihariye ikoreshwa mubikorwa. Iyi myuga irahimbanwa gukoresha lithography yateye imbere hamwe nuburyo bwamagorofa, bivamo uburyo bwo gukemura hejuru kuri Nanoscale.
Mugihe kubumba buke buke bigarukira gusa kugirango hatere ibiranga micron igipimo cya Micron, NMT asunika imbibi za precision. Irashobora kugera kumiterere ninyubako ntoya kurenza micron, gufungura bishoboka kubishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa.
Irindi tandukaniro rikomeye ni urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe hagati yibyuma na plastike. Uburyo gakondo akenshi bushingiye ku guhuza byoroshye cyangwa guterana kwibikoresho. Ibinyuranye, NMT igera ku bice bidafite ishingiro byibiti na plastike kuri Nanoscale, bikaviramo imbaraga zo kwizihiza n'imikorere.
Intsinzi ya NMT yishingikiriza cyane ku bwiza no gusobanuka kwinjiza. Iyi mirimo isanzwe ikozwe muri nikel-steel cyangwa nikel shim, ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imikazo nini nubushyuhe bigize uruhare mubikorwa byo kubumba.
Polymers ikoreshwa muri NMT irashobora gutandukana bitewe na porogaramu yihariye. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:
Polycarbonate (PC)
PolyBylene Terephthalate (PBT)
Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMma)
Cyclic olefin copolymer (coc / umupolisi)
Polystyrene (PS)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe neza bishingiye kubijyanye no guhuza na NMT hamwe nibintu byifuzwa byibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Gutera Nano Kubumba (NMT) nigikorwa kitoroshye kirimo intambwe nyinshi zikomeye. Reka twinjire muburyo burambuye bwukuntu ubu buryo bwa tekinike ikora.
Intambwe yambere muri NMT ni kurema kubumba. Ibi bikubiyemo guhimba umuhanga ibuza hanyuma bigatanga imbura ya Nikel-steel yinjiyemo. Iyinjizwa irimo imiterere ya Nanoscale zizimurirwa kubice byabujijwe.
Ifu imaze kwitegura, inzira nyayo yo kubumba iratangira. Polten Polymer yatewe inshinge mubitutsi byinshi mubisambo. Polymer yuzuza ibiranga Nanoscale yo gushyiramo, gukora igice gifite ubuso bukomeye.
Nyuma yigihe cyo kubumba, ibice byimiterere byimiterere byakorewe umuriro wa microMachining. Iyi ntambwe iremeza ko buri gice giteganijwe mubipimo byifuzwa.
Kuzamura iramba no kurwanya imiti yibice byabujijwe, akenshi bitwarwa nibikoresho nka karubone ka karubone (DLC). Hanyuma, ibice byose birimo kugenzura byimazeyo kugirango habeho gushikama nubwiza.
NanoimpRinte ni ikintu gikomeye cya NMT. Nuburyo butuma ihererekanya rya Nanoscale riva mubikoresho byinjije igice cyabujijwe. Muguhuza nanoimpritin hamwe no gutemba, nmt igera ku iremwa rya 3d-plastike kubuntu hamwe na micro na nanometero hejuru cyane.
Ibikoresho byinjiza ni umutima wibikorwa bya NMT. Harimo imiterere ya Nanoscale itanga ibice byabujijwe imitungo n'imikorere yabo idasanzwe. Iyishimwa ubusanzwe ikozwe hakoreshejwe Lithography yateye imbere nubuhanga bwo gutora.
Inzira ikubiyemo gushiraho umuhanga ahantu hamwe nibiranga Nanoscale. Iyi mbuto ya none ikoreshwa mugukora imkweto ya hybrid-steel cyangwa nikel shim insmos zikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa.
Ubwiza no gusobanuka kwinjiza imipaka igira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye intsinzi yimikorere ya NMT. Bagomba kuba barateguwe neza kandi bahimbanyije kugirango habeho uburyo bwa Nanoscale yimuriwe neza mubice byabumbabumbwa.
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje byo kubumba bwa Nano (NMT) ni byinshi byacyo mu gukora ibikoresho byinshi. Ibyuma byombi na plastike birashobora gukoreshwa muriki gikorwa cyo gukora udushya.
NMT irahuye nibyuma bitandukanye, harimo ariko ntibigarukira kuri:
Aluminium
Icyuma
Ibyuma
Izi siyanda zirashobora gukoreshwa mugukora imipaka ikubiyemo nanoscale. Guhitamo ibyuma biterwa nibisabwa byihariye byo gusaba, nko kuramba, gukora ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ruswa.
Kuri plastiki imbere, NMT ikora neza hamwe na polymers zitandukanye. Bimwe muri phostique ikoreshwa muri NMT harimo:
Polypheny Sulfide (PPS)
PolyBylene Terephthalate (PBT)
Nylon
Ibindi bya plastiki bihuye ni:
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMma)
Cyclic olefin copolymer (coc / umupolisi)
Polystyrene (PS)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya pulasitike biterwa nibintu byifuzwa byibicuruzwa byanyuma, nkimbaraga, guhinduka, gukorera mu mucyo, no kurwanya imiti.
Imwe mu mbaraga zingenzi za NMT nizo zihuza ibikoresho byinshi. Ibi bikoresho bituma abakora guhitamo ibyiza byicyuma na plastike kubisabwa byihariye.
Kurugero, mumusaruro wibikoresho bya microfluide, guhuza ibyuma bitagira ingano byinjiza hamwe na coc / cos plastiki birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugere ku kurwanya imiti isabwa na optique.
Mu rundi rubanza, aluminium Mold yinjiza na pbt plastike irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice byimodoka nyinshi bisaba imbaraga nimbatura.
Ubushobozi bwo gukorana nibikoresho bitandukanye bifungura isi ibishoboka kubishushanyo mbonera nibikorwa. Iyemerera NMT kuri cater ku buryo bunini bw'inganda, kuva kuri elegitoroniki n'imodoka mu buvuzi ndetse no hanze yacyo.
Gutera Nano Kubumba (NMT) bitanga ibyiza byibyiza hejuru yuburyo gakondo. Reka dusuzume inyungu zingenzi zituma NMT ahindura umukino mu nganda.
Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye za NMT nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza ibyuma na plastike kuri Nanoscale. Bitandukanye nuburyo busanzwe buhuza gusa ibi bikoresho, NMT igera ku guhuza ukuri.
Ubu buryo buvamo ubumwe bukomeye hagati yicyuma nibice bya plastike. Itezimbere imbaraga rusange nuburira bwibicuruzwa.
NMT yemerera kurema ibicuruzwa bifite ubuso bukomeye kandi busobanutse. Ibi bintu bya Nanoscale birashobora kuzamura cyane ubusabane bwibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, NMT yoroshya igishushanyo mbonera cyo gushoboza kwishyira hamwe kwimikorere myinshi mubice bimwe. Iyi streamlines itumanaho kandi igabanya umubare wibice bisabwa.
Ibicuruzwa byakozwe ukoresheje NMT mubisanzwe byoroheje, byoroshye, kandi byoroshye ugereranije nibikorwa nuburyo gakondo. Ni ukubera ko NMT yemerera kurema ibice byinshi, byoroheje.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byoroheje kandi byoroshye nibyiciro byinganda nka electoronics hamwe nimodoka, aho ubunini no kugabanya ibiro ni ngombwa.
NMT itanga amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwa CNC. Ni ukubera ko NMT ishobora gutanga ibice bigoye mu ntambwe imwe, kugabanya ibikorwa byinshi byateganijwe.
Byongeye kandi, NMT ifite ibiryo byo hasi ugereranije na cnc imashini. Ibi bigira uruhare mu kuzigama no kuramba ibidukikije.
NMT Streamlines inzira yo gukora igabanya umubare wintambwe zisabwa kugirango zitange igice. Ibi biganisha kunoza imikorere myiza kandi mugihe gito.
Ubusobanuro buke kandi busubirwamo bwa NMT nabwo butanga umusanzu wo kugabanya ibiciro bya SCRAP no kunoza muri rusange.
NMT ni ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe umutekano. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri NMT, nka thermoplastike, birasubirwamo kandi birashobora gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi.
Byongeye kandi, inzira ya NMT ubwayo ifite ingaruka zo hasi ibidukikije ugereranije nuburyo bukombere bwo gukora. Itwara imbaraga nke kandi itanga imyanda idakwiye.
Ikibuno-urugwiro cya NMT gihuza hamwe no gushimangira kwisi yose imikorere yimikorere irambye. Iremerera ibigo kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone mugihe ukigera ku bicuruzwa byiza.
Gutera nano gutera (NMT) bisanga porogaramu hakurya yinganda. Kuva kuri electoronics na Automotive mu buvuzi no hanze ya, NMT ni uguhindura ibicuruzwa no gukora.
Ibyuma byose bya terefone igendanwa akenshi bihura nibibazo byo kugabanya ibimenyetso bitewe n'ingaruka zikingira y'icyuma. NMT itanga igisubizo mugufasha guhuza ibice bya pulasitike mubyuma.
Uku guhuza ibyuma na plastike byemerera kwanduza ibimenyetso byanduza mugihe ukomeje kureba no kumva igishushanyo mbonera cyose.
NMT yemerera abashushanya gukoresha imbaraga z'icyuma na plastike mu gishushanyo cya terefone igendanwa. Ibigize icyuma bitanga ubusugire bwubwibiko hamwe nubwiza buhebuje, mugihe ibice bya plastiki bitanga imitungo yoroheje, idayobora.
Iyi nzira ya Hybrid iganisha kuri terefone zigendanwa zombi zishimishije kandi zinoze.
Mugihe ibyuma byashizweho (mim) bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibice bito byicyuma muri terefone zigendanwa, NMT itanga ibyiza bidasanzwe. NMT irashobora kubyara ibice bifite ubuso bukomeye kandi bunoze imitungo.
NMT ikwiranye cyane no gukora terefone igendanwa, mugihe mim ikunze gukoreshwa kubice bito nka buto na hinges.
Kurenga terefone zigendanwa, NMT isanga porogaramu muburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Kamera ya digitale irashobora kungukirwa na lens yakozwe na NMT ihuza ibyuma na plastike kubikorwa byiza no kuramba.
Muri mudasobwa bwite, NMT irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice byinshi nkibintu byubushyuhe nibice byubaka. Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibyuma na plastike bifasha uburyo bwo gucunga neza no kugabanya ibiro.
NMT ifite agaciro mu nganda zimodoka kugirango ikore ibice byoroheje nyabake ariko biramba. Mugusimbuza ibice gakondo gakondo hamwe nibice byimvange ya NMT yakozwe, ibinyabiziga birashobora kugera kuzigama ibintu bikomeye.
Kugabanya ibiro biganisha kunoza lisansi kandi byagabanije imyuka, guhuza inganda zo gusunika inganda zerekeza kuramba.
NMT irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri electronics ya elegitoroniki na seriveri. Ubushobozi bwo kurema neza - ibice byibice byimikorere hamwe nibimenyetso byinjira nibiranga plastike bifite agaciro muriki gice.
NMT irashobora gukora umusaruro wa sensor yizewe, guhuza, nibindi bice bya elegitoroniki byingenzi kubinyabiziga bigezweho.
Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi akenshi bisaba ko hashyirwaho amazi meza kandi akirana kugirango imikorere yizewe n'umutekano bihangana. NMT irashobora kubyara ibice bifite imitungo idasanzwe.
Mugutegura icyuma na plastike kuri Nanoscale, NMT irashobora guteza ibice hamwe namashusho idafite ikinamico, itemba. Ibi bifite agaciro cyane kubikoresho bihura namazi cyangwa bisaba ibidukikije.
NMT irashobora kandi kuzamura iherezo no kuramba byibikoresho byubuvuzi. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibice hamwe no kwambara cyane no kurwanya ruswa ni ngombwa mubuvuzi.
Ibice bya NMT birashobora kwihanganira gukomera kwizamu byo guhomerwa no gukomeza imikorere yabo mugihe kinini.
NMT isanga ikoreshwa muburyo bwihariye bwo gucana. Kurugero, amatara ya gari ya moshi yihariye namata yo kumurika mumazi bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo kuramba no kurwanya ibidukikije bikaze.
NMT irashobora gushoboza kurema ibice byo gucana bihuza imbaraga zicyuma hamwe numutungo woroheje kandi wo kwigarurira plastiki. Ibi bivamo kubikemura ibisubizo byingufu ningufu-zikora neza.
NMT nayo ikubiyemo gusezerana muburyo bwiza. Ibikoresho gakondo gakondo akenshi bifite aho bigarukira mubijyanye n'uburemere, ubunini, no kuramba.
Mugutanga nmt, birashoboka gukora tryor, yoroheje, kandi nziza cyane. Iyi panel irashobora guhuza ibice by'icyuma n'ibice bya plastike kugirango bigere kumiterere idasanzwe yo kwishura acoustic.
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibice byumvikana nmt mumazu nibinyabiziga birashobora kuvuza uburyo ducunganya urusaku.
Nkuko NMT ikomeje guhinduka, turashobora kwitega kubona no guhanga udushya mubintu bitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwihariye bwikoranabuhanga bufungura uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya ibicuruzwa, imikorere, no kuramba.
Ku bijyanye na Nano Gutera (NMT), kwizerwa kw'imisano byakozwe hagati y'icyuma n'ibigize pulasitike bifite akamaro gakomeye. Reka duhereze muburyo bwo kwizerwa no kubyemeza.
Kugira ngo dusuzume kwizerwa kwa NMT ihuza, kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga ni ngombwa. Kimwe muri ibyo bisanzwe ni iso 190095.
Iyi ngenderwaho itanga umurongo ngenderwaho nuburyo bwo kwipimisha mugusuzuma imbaraga zubukanishi no kuramba kwicyuma-pulasitike ihuza binyuze muri NMT.
Ukurikije ibivugwa muri ISO 190095, abakora barashobora kwemeza ko ibice byabo bya NMT bihura byisi yose byemewe nibipimo byimikorere.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma bugira uruhare runini muguhitamo kwizerwa kwa NMT. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo buhoraho kandi busubirwamo kugirango dusuzume imbaraga nubusugire bwibyuma-plastike.
Ubuhanga bumwe bwo gusuzuma burimo:
Ikizamini cya Tensile
Kwipimisha
Kwipimisha umunaniro
Ikizamini cyo kwerekana ibidukikije
Mugukoresha uburyo busanzwe, abakora barashobora kugereranya muburyo bwo gukora ibice bitandukanye bya NMT-Byakozwe nmt kandi bamenye intege nke cyangwa ahantu hashobora gutera imbere.
Kugirango uhanire, kwizerwa, hamwe nubuziranenge bwa NMT, ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigomba gusuzumwa:
Guhitamo Ibikoresho : Guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhuza ibyuma n'ibikoresho bya plastike ni ngombwa. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bihuye kandi ushoboye gukora ubumwe bukomeye, bwuzuye mugihe cya NMT.
Igenzura ritunganya : Kugenzurwa byimazeyo Ibipimo bya NMT, nko guhatira inshinge, ubushyuhe, nubukonje, ni ngombwa. Guhoraho muribi bipimo bifasha kugabanya itandukaniro no kumenya neza amasano yizewe.
Igenzura ryiza : Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, harimo n'ubugenzuzi bugaragara, kugenzura ibipimo, hamwe no kwipimisha, ni ngombwa. Izi ngamba zifasha kumenya inenge zose cyangwa gutandukana mubisabwa byagenwe.
Gukomeza iterambere : Gukurikirana buri gihe no gusesengura imikorere yibice byakozwe na NMT ni ngombwa. Ibi bituma hagamijwe kumenya amahirwe yo kunoza no gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byo gukosora kugirango bikureho kwizerwa.
Mugukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga, gukoresha uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gusuzuma, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, abakora barashobora kwemeza ko ibice byabo bya NMT bimurika, bishingiye ku bigize bifite ireme hagati y'icyuma n'ibice bigize imizinire.
Iri tegeko ryizewe ni ngombwa mugukoresha NMT mu nganda zinyuranye, aho ubunyangamugayo no kuramba hamwe nicyuma-pulasitike-plastike byingenzi kubicuruzwa n'umutekano.
Nkuko NMT ikomeje gutera imbere no kubona ibyifuzo bishya, akamaro ko gusuzuma no kwemeza ko ibyerekeye ihuza ryakozwe binyuze muri ubu buhanga bushya uzakomeza gukura gusa.
Gutera nano gutemba (NMT) byaragaragaye nkumukino uhindura mumikino yo gukora. Ariko ni iki ejo hazaza hateganijwe kuri ubu buhanga bushya? Reka dusuzume ibishoboka.
Umwanya wa NMT uhora uhinduka. Abashakashatsi n'impuguke z'inganda zikomeje gukora mu gutera imbere ikoranabuhanga kugirango basunike imipaka y'ibishoboka.
Bimwe mubitera imbere no guhanga udushya muri NMT birimo:
Kunoza ibintu bihuye : Imbaraga zirimo gukorwa kugirango wagure urutonde rwibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa muri NMT. Ibi birimo guteza imbere ibyuma bishya-pulasitike hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa byoroheje nibiranga imikorere.
Kongera ubusobanuro no gukemura : Iterambere muburyo bwa Fabricional Fabrication no kugenzura inzira bifasha ibyaremwe na bito kandi byukuri Nanoscale.
Ibihe byihuse : Guhitamo Ibipimo bya NMT hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho byo guhindura neza bigamije kugabanya ibihe byiyongera. Ibi birashobora kongera cyane umusaruro.
Inzira ya Hybrid NMT : Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha amahirwe yo guhuza NMT hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gukora ibikoresho, nkibicapa bya 3D cyangwa laser. Ibi birashobora gufungura inzira nshya zo gukora ibice bigoye, bikora byinshi.
Kimwe mubintu bishimishije bya NMT nubushobozi bwayo bwo gushoboza kurema ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano ninganda nini. Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza ibiranga Nanoscale nimitungo yibice byabujijwe bifungura uburyo bushya bwo kwihitiramo.
Kurugero, mu nganda z'ubuvuzi, NMT irashobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga imbaraga z'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bihujwe nibyo umurwayi kugiti cye. Mu nganda zimodoka, NMT irashobora gukora umusaruro wibikorwa byoroheje, ibice byimikorere byimikorere byingirakamaro kubikoresho byihariye.
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa biguhuza kugeza indi nganda zitabarika, harimo:
Aerospace
Amashanyarazi
Ingufu zishobora kongerwa
Itumanaho
Imyenda n'imyambaro
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bifite ishingiro, imiterere-yihariye irashobora guhindura uko dushushanya no gukora ibicuruzwa.
NMT ntabwo ariterambere ryikoranabuhanga gusa; Numusemburo wo guhindura ahantu nyaburanga. Nkuko NMT ikomeje guhinduka no gukura, ifite ubushobozi bwo gushiraho ejo hazaza h'inganda zo gukora muburyo bwinshi:
Gushoboza umusaruro wibicuruzwa bikurikira : Ubushobozi bwa NMT bwo kubyara ibice hamwe na Nanoscale ibiranga kandi byateje imbaraga bizafasha iterambere ryibisekuruza bikurikira. Ibi birashobora gutera imbere cyane mumirima itandukanye, kuva kuri elegitoroniki kugirango wubaze imbaraga zingufu zishobora kongerwa.
Gutwara ibinyabiziga birambye hamwe nubushobozi bwa NMT bwo gutanga ibice byoroheje, ibice byimikorere bigabanuka bihuza amasanga yimyanda hamwe no gusunika isi yose kugirango dusunike ku isi. Mugufasha gukoresha umutungo ukoresha neza no kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije zo gukora, NMT irashobora kugira uruhare mu gihe kizaza.
Gutezimbere guhanga udushya no guhatanira : kwemeza NMT birashobora gutanga amasosiyete arushanwa kugirango ashobore kuzana ibicuruzwa bishya, bifite agaciro gakomeye kwihuta. Ibi birashobora gutwara ubukungu no gushishikariza gushora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere.
Iminyururu yo gutanga umusaruro hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi : Ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro, kubicuruzwa bikoreshwa binyuze kuri NMT bishobora kuganisha ku mpinduka zikomeye muminyururu nubucuruzi. Turashobora kubona agahinda kerekeza kumwanya wabigenewe, byoroshye, hamwe namasosiyete ashoboye gusubiza vuba kugirango ahindura amasoko.
Nkuko NMT ikomeje gutera imbere no kubona porogaramu nshya, ingaruka zayo ku nganda zikora zizakomeza kwiyongera gusa. Ejo hazaza h NMT irashimishije, kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo guhindura uburyo dukora ibicuruzwa no gutwara udushya.
Gutera nano bitemba bitesha agaciro neza no guhinduranya. Inyungu zayo zirimo imikorere yubucuruzi, ubwoba bwihuse, nibikoresho bihinduka. Porogaramu ya porogaramu yo gusuzuma ubuvuzi kuri elegitoroniki y'abaguzi. Kuguma ku isonga ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye no gukora ni ngombwa mu guhanga udushya. Shakisha Nano Gutera Gutera ubushobozi kubikorwa byimishinga yawe. Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora guhindura ibitekerezo mubyukuri. Emera ejo hazaza hateganijwe gukora neza uyumunsi.
Ikipe mfg ni sosiyete ikora byihuse muri Odm na Oem itangira muri 2015.