Geometrike angana no gutondekanya (GD & T) ni tekinoroji ikomeye mukora inganda zigezweho kugirango zemeze neza no guhumeka ibice. Mu mahame ya GD & T, ubukonje ni bumwe mu buryo bwibanze kandi bukoreshwa cyane cyane kwihanganira.
Iyi ngingo itanga igishushanyo cyuzuye cyo gusobanukirwa kwihanganira GD & T. Irimo ubumenyi bwinyuma, akamaro, uburyo bwo gupima, ibipimo ngenderwaho, hamwe nibitekerezo byingenzi mugukoresha ubukonje mubishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa no gukora. Waba uri umushinga, injeniyeri, cyangwa uruganda, iki gitabo kizagufasha gusobanukirwa n'iki gitekerezo cyingenzi no kubishyira mubikorwa neza.
Intangiriro Kuri Kuringaniza muri GD & T
Mubice byubuhanga no gukora, igitekerezo cyo gufunga nkuko byasobanuwe muri geometrike. GD & T) bigira uruhare runini mubyemeza neza nibice byafashwe. Iri ntangiriro ryize mubyingenzi bya GD & T, ryibanda ku kamaro ko gufunga, tekinoroji yacyo, ibibazo bifitanye isano, nibisobanuro byacyo bifatika.
Gusobanukirwa GD & T n'akamaro kayo
Gemetrike uyobore no gutondekanya (GD & T) ni uburyo butunganijwe bwo gusobanura no gushyikirana kwihanganira inzingamizi. Ikoresha ibimenyetso byihariye kugirango usobanure ingano, imiterere, icyerekezo, hamwe nibiranga ibice byakozwe. GD & T ni ngombwa mu gukuraho ibidasobanutse mu gishushanyo mbonera no kwemeza ko ibice biturutse ku bakora ibitandukanye bihuye neza. Mugutanga uburyo busobanutse kandi busanzwe bwo gusobanura geometrie y'ibice, GD & T byorohereza gukora neza, bigabanya amakosa, kandi bikaga ibiciro bifitanye isano no gushushanya nabi.
Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame ya GD & T, harimo gukomera, yemerera injeniyeri gusobanura neza ibisabwa byimikorere yibice. Iri tegeko ryemeza ko ibice byakozwe muburyo bwihariye, biganisha ku bicuruzwa byiza kandi bigabanuka. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa GD & T no kuyishyira mubikorwa ni ishingiro ryumuntu wese wagize uruhare mubikorwa, gukora, no kugenzura ibice bya mashini.
Igitekerezo cyo gufunga muri GD & T
Gufunga muri GD & T nuburyo bwo kugenzura byerekana uburyo hejuru yuruso. Ntabwo bifitanye isano nigice cyangwa ubunini ariko gusa kubusa. Ubuso buringaniye ni ingenzi mubice bigomba kuba uwo bafata nta cyurya cyangwa hejuru yubuso bugomba kumvikana rimwe na rimwe guhura nikindi gice. Kurugero, ubuso bugenewe gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyimodoka cyangwa ahasengeri Inganda zigomba kubahiriza ibisobanuro birambuye kugirango birinde kumeneka no kurinda umutekano.
Ibisobanuro byabereye muri GD & T bifasha kwirinda gutekereza ko ubuso bwuzuye bukenewe, bushobora kuba bidashoboka cyangwa buhenze cyane kugirango ubigereho. Ahubwo, itanga urwego rufatika rufite ubukonje buhagije kubikorwa byateganijwe. Ubu buringanire hagati yicyiza kandi bugezweho bushimangira ibikorwa bifatika mumahame ya GD & T.
Incamake yubuhanga bwo gupima
Gupima ubunini bwubuhanga burimo tekinike nyinshi zitandukanye ziva mubikoresho byubugenzuzi byintoki kubikoresho byateye imbere. Ibikoresho byoroshye nkimpande zigororotse hamwe na fagitire zirashobora gutanga byihuse kwerekana neza ariko ukabura ubushishozi bwo kwihanganirana. Guhuza imashini zo gupima (CMMS) zitangwa neza mugukoraho ingingo nyinshi hejuru no kubara itandukaniro riva mu ndege iringaniye.
Gusiba Laser scanners hamwe na optique yo gufunga neza byerekana akantu habaye gukonja, gutanga amakuru arambuye ya topografiya hamwe no gutandukana kwukuri hamwe nukuri bidasanzwe. Iyi tekinoroji ituma abakora kugirango barebe ko ibice byujuje ibisobanuro byateguwe hamwe nibikorwa byagenewe mubikorwa byabo byanyuma.
INGORANE MU GUKORA CYANE
Kugera ku gupima neza birashobora gucibwa ibibazo. Imiterere y'ibidukikije nko gutandukana kw'ubushyuhe irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku byavuye mu gupima kuva ibikoresho byagutse n'amasezerano n'ubushyuhe. Ingorabahizi ya geometry ya geometry irashobora kandi kugabanya uburyo bumwe, kugora inzira igipimo.
Byongeye kandi, imyanzuro nukuri kwigikoresho cyo gupima ubwabyo birashobora kugira ingaruka ku bipimo byo gufunga. Kureba ko ibikoresho byo gupima bivuza kandi bibungabungwa neza ni ngombwa kugirango ufate ibipimo nyabyo. Izi mbogamizi zisaba gusobanukirwa neza amahame n'ibikoresho byo gupima.
Akamaro gafatika yo gupima gusuzugura
Ubusobanuro bufatika bwo gupima ubukonje ntibushobora gukabije. Mu nzego nka aerospace, automotive, hamwe nubuhanga buke, ubuso bwubuso burashobora kuvugururwa mu buryo butaziguye imikorere no kwizerwa kuri sisitemu. Kurugero, igorofa rya moteri ihagarika ubuso bugira ingaruka kubikorwa bya kashe kandi, kubwibyo, imikorere ya moteri.
Byongeye kandi, gupima ubukonje no gukurikiza kwihanganira kwihariye birashobora gutuma umuntu azigama ibiciro agabana imyanda, kugabanya imikoreshereze yibintu, kugabanya imikorere, no gukumira ibibazo by'iteraniro. Iremeza ko ibice bihuye hamwe nkuko byateganijwe, kuzamura sisitemu muri rusange no kuramba.
Ishingiro ryibyihanganza
Mu rwego rwibimenyesheje ubuhanga, igitekerezo cyo kwihanganira gukinisha kigira uruhare runini. Yinjijwe mu rwego rwa geometrike angana no gutondekanya (GD & T), gusobanukirwa kwihanganira ni ngombwa mu gutuma ubuziranenge n'imikorere by'ibice byafatijwe. Ubu buyobozi bwuzuye busenya ishingiro ryibyihangange, bigatuma bishoboka kandi byumvikana.
Ibisobanuro n'akamaro ko kwihanganira
Kwihanganirana ni ubwoko bwa geometrike muri GD & t bigaragaza gutandukana byemewe nubuso buva muburyo bwiza. Ni ngombwa mubisabwa aho hejuru yubahiriza impamvu zikorwa cyangwa nziza. Ikibanza kiringaniye cyemeza ko ibice bya mashini bihuye neza neza, kugabanya kwambara no kunanirwa muri sisitemu ya mashini.
Akamaro ko kwihanganira kwivuza bigutera birenze gusa imashini nziza; Iragira kandi imikorere no kuramba kw'ibicuruzwa byateranijwe. Mu nganda nk'inganda z'indege n'ibikoresho byo gukora ibinyabiziga, bishimangira byimazeyo kugira ngo birinde ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora kwirinda imikorere mibi, ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi.
Kwemeza kubahiriza kwihanganira kwitonda bifasha kugera ku kugeraho no guhumeka ibice. Iremerera ibisubizo byo gukora byateganijwe kandi bigabanya gukenera ibyahinduwe nyuma yo kubyara, amaherezo uzigame umwanya numutungo.
Gufunga Zone: Igitekerezo no kwiyumvisha
Agace katoroshye karashobora gusobanurwa nkindege ebyiri zibangikamo aho hejuru yose igomba kubeshya. Iyi nyenzi itegeka imipaka ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa yo guhinduranya kwemererwa hejuru, ishushanya neza umwanya wa bitatu-ugizwe nimbibi zo kugorora neza.
Gutekereza akarere katose kwumva ni urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa uburyo ubuso bwabasiwe busuzumwa. Intera iri hagati yindege ebyiri zisa zerekana urwego rwo kwihanganira kwishyuza, abagenzuzi n'abagenzi barimo gusuzuma igice cyubahiriza igishushanyo.
Urebye akamaro k'iki shusho, ibishushanyo byubwubatsi bikunze guherekeza kubisobanuro bisobanutse hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa imyumvire ya digitale. Iyi mfashanyo mugutandukanya nabi no kwemeza icyerekezo gihuza mubagize uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora.
Gusobanura gucecekesha no mubimenyetso
Gusobanura neza guhamagarwa nibimenyetso neza ni ishingiro ryibice byo gukora byujuje ibisabwa. Ikimenyetso cyo gufunga, gihagarariwe numurongo ugororotse mubikorwa byo kugenzura (FCF), nyuma yo gutangaza ko ari ngombwa kugirango ukurikize kwihanganira birambuye.
Umubare wumubare ukurikira ikimenyetso cyo gufunga muri FCF cyerekana gutandukana ntarengwa hejuru yubuso kuva kuringaniza neza. Kumenya ibisobanuro byibi birahanga ni ngombwa ku bashushanya, injeniyeri, n'abapfumu badasaba ko buri kintu cyujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho.
Uburezi n'amahugurwa yo gusobanura GD & T Ibimenyetso, harimo nibyo biryoshye, ni ngombwa mu murima. Amahugurwa, amasomo, hamwe namahugurwa kumurimo gushimangira ubu buhanga, kureba niba ibishushanyo bya tekiniki byumvikanyweho kwisi kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa neza.
Uruhare rwo kugenzura ibiranga (FCF)
Ikadiri yo kugenzura (FCF) igira uruhare runini mu itumanaho no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame ya GD & T, harimo kwihanganira. Iyi sanduku y'urukiramende irarimo amakuru yose akenewe kugirango agaragaze igenzura rya geometrike kubiranga igice, avuga neza ubwoko bwo kwihanganira, urugero rwo kwihanganirana, hamwe nubwitonzi, hamwe ningingo zingirakamaro.
FCF yo guhobera andchors Ikimenyetso, Agaciro kerekana ko agaragaza imipaka yorohewe, kandi rimwe na rimwe, tatum references, nibiba ngombwa mugusobanura akarere gahangane. Ubu buryo bwubatswe kuri Annotation Demysion ibisabwa kugirango ugere ku cyifuzo cyifuzwa geometrie.
Gusobanukirwa uruhare no gusobanura FCF ni ngombwa kubantu bose bagize uruhare mubikorwa, umusaruro, no kugenzura ibice bya mashini. Itunganije inganda zo gutunganya no kwemeza ko ibipimo ngenderwaho neza byanze bikunze guhura ninganda.
Uburyo bwo gupima gakondo
Mu buryo burambuye bwa geometrike ugereranyije no gutondekanya (GD & T), gusobanukirwa no gupima ubuso bukomeye ni ngombwa kugirango ikore ibigize. Uburyo gakondo, nkuburebure bwa Gage Uburyo, bwatanze tekinike yibanze yo gusuzuma iki kintu gikomeye. Hano, tuzajya dusuzugura muri ubu buryo, tukagaragaza imikoreshereze, ibyiza, imbogamizi, hamwe n'imitego isanzwe ijyanye n'uburyo gakondo.
Intangiriro yuburebure bwa Gage Uburyo
Uburebure bwa Gage Uburyo nimwe mubuhanga bwa kera bwakoreshejwe mugupima ubukonje bwubuso. Ubu buryo bukoresha uburebure bwa gage, igikoresho cyo gupima neza kinyerera hejuru yindege (mubisanzwe isahani yubuso bwa granite) kugirango umenye intera ihagaritse kumanota atandukanye. Mugihe cyo kwimura sisitemu yuburebure hirya no hino, birashoboka kumenya gutandukana kuva mubunini bwifuzwa, biranga hejuru kandi bike biranga indege izwi.
Nubwo ubworoherane bwabwo, uburyo bwuburebure busaba uburyo bwitondewe. Umukoresha agomba kwemeza ko uhamye hagati yumurongo wa Gage utanga amakuru nubuso. Byongeye kandi, gutegura neza ibitekerezo byerekana ibipimo hejuru yubuso birakenewe kugirango ukemure neza kandi usuzume neza igice cyuzuye.
Ukoresheje uburebure bwa gage hamwe ninkingi zifatika
Iterambere rya vuba ryatangije uburebure bwa gage hamwe ninkingi zifatika, gukora inzira zitandukanye kandi bikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Izi nkingi zifatika zemerera uburebure bwa gage yo kwakira ibice binini hanyuma ukagera ahantu hatandukanye hejuru utagosheje umutekano cyangwa ukuri. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro cyane muri geometries igoye aho bishyuha-inkingi yuburebure zishobora guharanira gutanga ibipimo byizewe.
Umukoresha arashobora guhindura neza uburebure bwinkingi kugirango abone umwanya mwiza wo gutanga inama, korohereza gusoma neza no mubintu bikomeye. Ubu bushobozi bwo guhindura bisobanura ko igikoresho kimwe gishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bugari, kuzamura ibikoresho byakazi nibikorwa byibiciro mubikorwa byo gukora.
Ibyiza nimipaka yuburebure bwa tekinike
Imwe mu nyungu z'ibanze z'uburebure bw'uburebure bwa tekinike nigerwaho; Igikoresho kigororotse kugirango gikoreshe kandi ntabwo cyanze bikunze gisaba amahugurwa akomeye. Itanga ibitekerezo byihuse, bitoroshye kuruhande rwigice, bigatuma igikoresho kitagereranywa kubijyanye na-shoress. Byongeye kandi, kuba kimwe mubikorwa byinshi byo gupima ibiciro, ni amahitamo ashimishije kumahugurwa mato na porogaramu aho ubushishozi buke butari bunegura.
Ariko, ubu buhanga buzana umugabane wacyo. Ukuri kwishingikiriza cyane kubuhanga bwa Operator hamwe nubwitonzi bwibikorwa byo gupima. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo ari byiza hejuru yubuso bunini cyangwa bigoye, aho kugera kumyanya imwe hagati yo gupima no hejuru birahinduka ingorabahizi.
Imitego isanzwe muburyo gakondo
Imitego isanzwe muburyo bwo gufunga gakondo, harimo nuburebure bwuburebure bwa tekinike, akenshi bituruka kumakosa yabantu. Kudashira mu gupima birashobora kubaho kubera gushyira nabi igikoresho, igitutu gitandukanye cyakoreshejwe nuwakoresha, cyangwa gusobanura bidakwiye ibisubizo. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bishingiye ku bidukikije nko guhindagura ubushyuhe birashobora guhindura cyane ukuri gupima, bigira ingaruka kubikoresho nibigize.
Indi mbogamizi nigikoresho cya Calibration. Gage yuburebure idashobora guhora irashobora gushikana kubipimo bitari byo, kuyobya isuzuma ryibigize. Kumenya no kugabanya iyo mitego ni ngombwa kugirango tubone ubwo buryo gakondo bukomeza gukomeza gutanga agaciro muburyo bugezweho bwo gukora.
Gupima neza
Mu rwego rwo gukora neza no kumenyekanisha, gupima uburinganire bwarangije guhindura impinduramatwara mu kwishingikiriza ku buryo gakondo bwo kwemeza tekinike yateye imbere. Iyi mpinduka ntizagutezimbere ari ukuri gusa ahubwo yanashimangiye inzira yo gupima, gukora neza kandi bidakunze kugaragara kumakosa.
Inzibacyuho Kuva Gakondo Kuburyo bwa Digitale
Inzibacyuho kuva gakondo kugeza muburyo bwa digitale yo gupima igorofa ryerekana iterambere rikomeye murwego rwa geometrike dimension no gutontoma (GD & T). Uburyo gakondo, mugihe ufite agaciro mugihe cyabo, akenshi byarimo ibikoresho byigitabo bisabwaga kubazwa neza kandi byagengwaga nikosa ryabantu. Ibinyuranye, uburyo bwa digitale bwo guca ikoranabuhanga-EDGER, nka plaser scanning nibikorwa bya digitale, kugirango dufate amakuru yibanze ahagaragara hejuru mugice cyigihe.
Ibikoresho byo gupima digitale bitanga inyungu yo kwinjiza hamwe na software kugirango basesengure amakuru muburyo bwa mbere bidashoboka cyangwa bitwara cyane igihe. Iri shyirahamwe ryemerera ibitekerezo byihuse no gusesengura ryuzuye, Gushoboza abakora naba injeniyeri kugirango dufate ibyemezo byuzuye vuba. Byongeye kandi, inyandiko za digital zoroshya gusangira amakuru no kubika, kuzamura ubufatanye mumatsinda.
Uburyo bwiza (indege ya rms)
Uburyo bumwe bwa digitale nibyiza (indege ya RMS), bikubiyemo kubara indege yerekeranye nintonde nziza yerekana amakuru yakusanyijwe uhereye hejuru. RMS igereranya imizi isobanura kare, igipimo cyimibare gikoreshwa murubu buryo kugirango ugabanye gutandukana kw'indege bivuye mu ndege, ahanini mbona indege ya 'impuzandengo' yerekana neza.
Ubu buryo bufite akamaro cyane cyane aho hantu muri rusange ari ngombwa kuruta amanota menshi cyangwa make. Itanga ishusho yuzuye yubuso, kwizirikamo ingingo zose zapimwe kimwe no gutanga ikintu cyiza cyerekana uburyo busanzwe bwubuso.
Uburyo bwa zone
Ibinyuranye, uburyo bwa zone ntarengwa bwibanda ku gushaka indege ebyiri zisa (zone) zibuza ingingo zose zamakuru zifite intera ntoya hagati yabo. Ubu buryo bugaragaza ingingo ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa hejuru kandi ikaba ibara ahantu hashobora kwihanganira uburwayi bukubiyemo ingingo zose. Nibyiza cyane kubisabwa aho bikabije byo gutandukana ubuso bunegura imikorere yigice.
Uburyo bwa zone ntarengwa butanga isuzuma rikomeye, rishimangira ibintu bibi-byukuri hejuru yubuso. Ibi bituma bigira intego yo gusaba kwerekana neza, aho no gutandukana bito bishobora guhindura cyane imikorere cyangwa inteko.
Kugereranya neza nuburyo bwa zone
Ugereranije neza (indege ya RMS) muburyo bwa zone ntarengwa byerekana ibyiza bitandukanye nibitekerezo kuri buri. Uburyo bwiza butanga incamake yubuso bwa Ease, bukwiriye Porogaramu aho gutandukana ugereranije birenze kuba hanze bikabije. Uburyo bwayo bwuzuye butuma bihuza cyane kubisabwa, bitanga isuzuma ryimiterere yubuso.
Ibinyuranye, uburyo bwa zone ntarengwa bwibanze kuri zone ya kashe idashoboka yitongeye isuzuma ryimikorere, ingenzi kugirango imirimo yubuhanga buke aho urwego rwo hejuru rusabwa. Ariko, ubu buryo bushobora rimwe na rimwe gukurikizwa cyane, kwerekana gutandukana gukabije bidashobora guhindura igice cya muri rusange.
Muguhitamo hagati yubu buryo, injeniyeri bagomba gusuzuma ibisabwa byihariye byo gusaba kwabo, kuringaniza ibikenewe muri rusange hamwe nibikenewe gufatwa no gutandukana gukabije. Uburyo bwombi bugaragaza iterambere rikomeye mubipimo bishimishije, bishoboza kugaburira tekinoroji ya digitale mumurima wa GD & T.
Ingamba zifatika zo gusuzuma isuzuma
Kwishyira mu kanza za metero y'ibipimo, byumwihariko gupima uburinganire mubigize nibikoresho, bisaba uburyo bufatika. Iki gice cy'Ubuyobozi bushakisha ingamba zifatika zo gusuzuma ubukonje, ishimangira guhitamo uburyo bukwiye, kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga, ubuyobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga, kugendekerana, no kureba mu materaniro y'ikoranabuhanga.
Guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima
Guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima bigira uruhare runini mu kugena neza. Icyemezo gisuzumwa ahanini nigice gikomeye, ibisobanuro birasabwa, hamwe nibisabwa byihariye. Ibikoresho gakondo, nka facuses na gauges hamwe nimpande zigororotse, birashobora kuba bihagije porogaramu zoroshye aho precional idakomeye. Ariko, kubindi bintu bigoye kandi bisabwa, byagezweho, harimo gusiba kandi bihuza imashini zo gupima (cmms), tanga ukuri gukenewe no gukora neza.
Mugihe uhitamo uburyo, tekereza kubintu nko gupima ibipimo, kugerwaho hejuru, ibisabwa gusesengura amakuru, nibidukikije bizafatwa. Ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma igiciro cyibiciro, kuko uburyo bukomeye bukunda kuba bihenze ariko gutanga icyegeranyo kinini kandi cyihuse.
Kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga muburyo bwo kugenzura
Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga byahinduwe kugenzura, kubikora byoroshye, byihuse, kandi byukuri. Ibikoresho bya digitale na software ntabwo byoroshya gupima neza hejuru ariko kandi wemerere icyegeranyo cyuzuye cyamakuru gishobora gusesengurwa kugirango ubone ubushishozi mubikorwa byo gukora no gutanga umusaruro.
Porogaramu igira uruhare runini mugusobanura aya makuru, tanga ibikoresho bishimishije bifasha gusobanukirwa hejuru no kumenya ibibazo vuba. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kubika no kugereranya amakuru mugihe gikora iterambere rihoraho mubikorwa byo gukora no guhuza ibicuruzwa.
Amabwiriza yo gupima neza
Guhindura umurongo ngenderwaho kubipimo byo gukosora bituma ibisubizo bihamye, byukuri. Ni ngombwa guhindura no gukomeza ibikoresho byo gupima kugirango wirinde amakosa. Mugihe ukoresheje uburyo bwa digitale, menya neza ko software na ibyuma bivugururwa kandi ayo makuru yafashwe neza arasesengurwa. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe nubushyuhe bigomba kugenzurwa cyangwa kubabarwa mugihe cyo gupima, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka kubipimo byapimwe nibikoresho byo gupima.
Amahugurwa kubakozi ni ikindi kintu gikomeye. Abakora ntibagomba kubahangana gusa mugukoresha ibikoresho gusa ahubwo no mugusobanura amakuru yakusanyijwe. Amabwiriza Yuzuye Guhangana Kwitegura, Kwishyira hamwe, no gusesengura ibihe byo gupima gukomeye birashobora kuzamura byimazeyo ibisubizo.
Ibihe bizaza muburyo bwo gupima
Urebye imbere, ibizaza mu makona yo gupima ubushishozi birashoboka gushimangira Automation, kwishyira hamwe, no kuba inyangamugayo. Gutezimbere sisitemu yo gupima kwigenga ifite ibikoresho bya AI na ALgorithms bisezeranya ko byoroshya kugenzura, bigatuma bishoboka guhita bamenya no gusesengura gutandukana mugihe nyacyo.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa sisitemu yo gufunga imirongo yo gukora birashobora gushoboza ubugororangingo no guhindura ako kanya, kugabanya imyanda no kuzamura imikorere. Byongeye kandi, iterambere muri sencor tekinoroji no gutunganya amakuru biteganijwe ko byongera ubusobanuro, bituma kumenya no gutahura niyo dutandukana cyane.
3d Gushushanya hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryukuri nabyo rifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ibipimo bikonje, bitanga ibitekerezo byihutirwa, birambuye byo hejuru yubutaka no koroshya ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no gusesengura.
Kugurika na izindi GD & T ibipimo
Gushakisha isi igwira kwa geometrike igabanijwe no gutondekanya (GD & T) byerekana itandukaniro ryanduye hagati y'ibipimo bitandukanye, nko guhobera, kugororoka, kugereranywa, hamwe na perpericure. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibisabwa bikwiye ningirakamaro kugirango ugere kubusobanuro muburyo bwo gukora no mubuhanga.
Kugurika na Igororoka
Gufunga no kugororoka ni bibiri bikomeye ariko bitandukanye gd & t. Gufunga bireba ubuso rusange, butuma ingingo zose ziri ku buso bwagaragaye hagati yindege ebyiri zibangikanye. Byakoreshejwe hejuru nkibintu byose, bishimangira uburinganire butajyanye na datum.
Kugororoka, kurundi ruhande, mubisanzwe bireba imirongo cyangwa amashoka kugiti cye, kureba niba ikintu kidatandukana muburyo bugororotse. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugugenzura imiterere yumurongo hejuru cyangwa umurongo wigice cya silindrike, ushimangira guhuza umurongo.
Mugihe igorofa iremeza ko hejuru yubusa, igororoka ryibanda kumurongo wibintu byihariye. Guhitamo hagati yibintu biterwa nibisabwa nigice nuburyo bihuye cyangwa imikorere mu iteraniro.
Gushushanya umurongo wa hejuru
Gufunga hamwe numwirondoro byubuso akenshi bitiranya kubera ibisobanuro byabo bifitanye isano na GD & T. Ariko, mugihe uringaniye byerekana uburyo hejuru ari hafi kuba igorofa nziza, umwirondoro wubuso usobanura uburyo bugoye. UMWANZURO W'UBUSARIKA BUKURIKIRA NTUGARAGAZA GUSA ARIKO NAMUKA N'IMOTO, YEMEJE KUBYEREKEYE BIKURIKIRA GAOMETRY YUBUNTU.
Umwirondoro wubuso uratandukanye, ugenzura urucacagu rwikintu cyose cyangwa umurongo wibiranga. Ibi bituma bigira intego kubice bifite ibishushanyo mbonera, aho haba ahantu hanini hagomba kubahiriza ibisobanuro byasobanuwe neza.
Ibinyuranye, gukomera ni byoroshye kandi byihariye, byibanda gusa kuri noness yubuso butabazwaga kuringaniza. Ibi bituma ari byiza cyane hejuru aho guhuza imyenda cyangwa ubunyangamugayo bunenga.
Gushushanya na prollelism na perpendicularile
Kugereranya gutandukanya hamwe na perpericulatism no kuri perpendicularty yibanda gusa hejuru yubuso bwa noness idasuzumye ifitanye isano nibindi bintu cyangwa indege. Ibibangikanya byemeza ko ubuso cyangwa umurongo usa nindege ya datum cyangwa axis, mugihe uhinduranya cyemeza ko ibirometero 90 bihuza na datum.
Ibibangika hamwe na perpendicularnturty nibipimo byingenzi, biterwa na datum kugirango usobanure ikintu cya geometrike. Baremeza ko ibice byinyongera cyangwa ibintu bihuza neza hamwe nibibanza byibanze. Igororotse, udafite inzitizi zisanzwe, zemerera ubuso bwabasori bwigenga kubindi biranga.
Guhitamo hagati yibi bipimo bifatika kubisabwa nigice nuburyo bukora hamwe nibindi bice biri mu iteraniro. Mugihe uringaniye byemeza uburinganire bwaba, ababanari hamwe na perpendiculatity birangana bijyanye na buri wese, kubungabunga inteko nyobozi no muburyo bukora.
Igihe cyo gusaba buri parameter
Guhitamo mugihe cyo gushyira ahagaragara buri GD & T parameter isaba gusobanukirwa neza kubisabwa nigice nigikorwa kiri mu iteraniro ryayo. Gufunga ni ngombwa kubice bisaba uburinganire kubwimpamvu nziza cyangwa imikorere, nkikimenyetso. Igororotse ningirakamaro kubintu bikenewe kugirango ukomeze inzira yumurongo, nka shafts cyangwa kuyobora gari ya moshi.
UMWANZURO yubuso bukwiranye nubuso bugoye hamwe nibisabwa muri geometrike bitihariye birenga gusa cyangwa neza. Hagati aho, ababana na perpericurtity ningirakamaro mugihe ubudahangarwa hagati yibiranga cyangwa hamwe na datum isabwa kugirango itere imashini cyangwa imikorere ikora.
Gushyira mu bikorwa neza muri Scenarios
Muburyo busobanutse kandi busaba gukora, gusaba gukomera nkuko byavuzwe muri Geometrike uyobora no gutondekanya (GD & T) biranga uruhare runini. Aka gatabo gahambiriye uburyo igorofa ikoreshwa mubintu byisi-byisi, cyane cyane mubikorwa byimodoka hamwe nibice bya aerospace, byugaho ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi bwubushishozi hamwe namasomo yakuye mu ngero zumurima.
Gufunga muburyo bwibihonyo bikora
Munganda zimodoka, ibisabwa kugirango ugororoke mubikorwa byo gukora ntibishobora gukabya. Ibice bikomeye nka moteri ihagarika, ubuso bwa feri, hamwe na gaceke zitandukanye zisaba ubumwe bwo gufunga kugirango inteko ikwiye yegereje inteko ikwiye, imikorere, no kwizerwa. Gutandukana biturutse ku igorofa ryagaragaye birashobora kuganisha ku kashe idakwiye, bikaviramo kumeneka, kwiyongera kwambara, cyangwa no kunanirwa kwa moteri.
Abakora bakoresha ibikoresho byo gupima amanza, nko guhuza imashini zo gupima (CMM), kugirango bagenzure neza ibi bice. Ibi bikoresho bishoboza gushushanya gushushanya hejuru, kumenya gutandukana kwose biturutse ku igorofa ryiza bisabwa. Amakuru yakusanyijwe arasesengurwa kandi akoreshwa muguhindura inzira yo gukora, irebera buri gice guhura nibipimo ngenderwaho.
Byongeye kandi, inganda zimodoka zikungukirwa no gukomeza guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku gupima gupima, gufata neza uburyo bwo gusikana n'ubwo buryo bwo gusuzuma byihuse, gusuzuma neza. Ubu buryo bworoshye bwo kwemeza neza bifasha guta imyanda, kuzamura imikorere yimirongo yinteko, no gukomeza kunyurwa nabakiriya bakomeye mugutanga imodoka zizewe.
Gupima ibipimo byihuta bya Aerospace
Mubikorwa bya Aerospace, igorofa ifata akamaro kanini cyane yahawe ibidukikije binini muri ibi bice bikora. Ibigize nkibisobanuro bya turbine, fuselage panels, nibice by'ibikoresho byo kugwa bisaba neza gukora neza ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi mubihe bikabije. Gutandukana kwose birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubwumutekano, imikorere, na lisansi imikorere yindege.
Urebye ibi bisabwa bikomeye, abakora aerospace bakoresha uburyo bwo gufunga bunoze butanga isesengura ryinshi. Ibi byemeza ko no gutandukana gukabije byagaragaye kandi bikosorwa mbere yo guterana. Ubuziranenge bwinganda busaba inzira zishimishije, aho gupima neza ari ibintu.
Gushakisha byoroshye, ibikoresho bikomeye muri Aerospace nabyo biragoye gupima. Nkuko abakora bagerageza abanyamakuru bambere, bemeza ibyo bikoresho bishya byujuje ibisabwa bishimishije bitanga ibibazo bidasanzwe, gutwara imbere yiterambere ryibikoresho n'ibikoresho.
Inyigo y'imanza: Gusaba inganda n'ibibazo
Ubushakashatsi bwimanza buturuka ku nzego za Automotive na Aerospace byerekana akamaro ko gufunga mu nganda. Kurugero, urubanza rufite gukora ibikorwa byimikorere minini byagaragaje ko kunoza ubunini muburyo bwo guhuza cyane uburyo bworoshye bwa moteri no kuramba. Ibi bisaba kongera gusuzuma inzira yo gusiga no guhuza tekinike yo gupima iterambere.
Urundi rubanza muri Aerospace rwarimo guhimba panele yahimbye. Kugera ku igorofa risabwa byari bigoye kubera ibikoresho bihuriweho 'byimazeyo kurwana mugihe cyo gukiza. Binyuze mu nzira nziza yo guhitamo no kwemeza gukurikirana igihe nyacyo, abakora bashoboye kubungabunga kwihanganira ibintu bisabwa, bashimangira guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bikenewe mu gukoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho.
Amasomo yakuye mu ngero zo mu murima
Amasomo yakuye muri aya masezerano nyayo ashimangira imiterere ishishikaje yo gukoresha amahame ya GD & T, nko kugaburira, mu nganda. Gufata urufunguzo harimo ko ari ngombwa kunoza ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gupima, akamaro ko guhuza isesengura ryamakuru mubikorwa, kandi ko hakenewe guhinduka mugukemura ibibazo bidasanzwe byatanzwe nibikoresho bishya nibishushanyo.
Byongeye kandi, izo ngero zigaragaza imbaraga zifatanije na ba injeniyeri, abashoramari, hamwe numwuga ugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma bihuye nibisobanuro byose. Biragaragara ko binyuze mu guhanga udushya, gusobanuka, no gukurikiza amahame, ibibazo bijyanye no gukomeza gukomera mubice bikomeye birashobora kugendera neza.
Ibipimo, ibisobanuro nibikorwa byiza
Mu rwego rukomeye kandi rurambuye rwa geometrike (GD & T), gukurikiza amahame, igenamigambi nyaryo, kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imikorere myiza ni ngombwa. Aka gatabo gakurikiranwa mubipimo bya GD & T bigenga ubukonje, imiterere yuburyo bwo gushushanya, hamwe nubufatanye bukoreshwa neza hagati yabashushanyije nabakora neza.
Incamake y'ibipimo bijyanye na GD & T (ASME, ISO)
Ibipimo ngenderwaho GD & T ahari gushiramo ibivugwa na societe y'Abanyamerika ya injeniyeri za mashini (ASME) n'umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibipimo (ISO). Asme's y14.5 na iso's 1101 ni ubuyobozi bwuzuye busobanura ibimenyetso, ibisobanuro, namategeko akoreshwa muri GD & T, harimo nibijyanye no gukomera. Mugihe bombi bafite intego imwe, hari itandukaniro ryiminota rishobora kugira ubufatanye bwisi yose, bigatuma ari ngombwa kuba injeniyeri nabashushanya kugirango bamenyeshe kandi imikoranire.
Ibipimo bya asme bakunda kugaragara cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, gutanga ubuyobozi burambuye ku ikoreshwa ryamahame ya GD & T, harimo ubukonje. Ku rundi ruhande, ISO, kurundi ruhande, byemewe cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kandi birashobora gutandukana gato mubimenyetso cyangwa ibisobanuro byo kwihanganira. Gusobanukirwa aya mahame ni ngombwa mu kureba ko ibishushanyo bishobora kuba byakozwe neza no gusobanurwa kwisi yose.
Kubahiriza aya mahame iremeza ko ibice byujuje urwego rwo hejuru rwimiterere nimikorere. Ibishya bigezweho kuri anme na iso byerekana amajyambere yubushobozi bwo gukora no gukora tekinoloji yo gupima, gukomeza ibifitanye isano no gukora ibintu bifatika.
Gushiraho ibisobanuro nyabyo
Gushiraho ibisobanuro nyabyo birenze kuvuga bisanzwe; Bisaba gusobanukirwa neza imikorere yigice, ibice bigize kwikinisha, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora. Ba injeniyeri bagomba gutekereza ku ikoreshwa ryanyuma kugirango bamenye urwego rwibintu bisabwa, kuringaniza ibihe byiza hamwe nuburyo bufatika. Kurugero, ubuso bwashakanye hamwe nibice bigize kashe birashobora gusaba kwihanganira gukomera kuruta ubuso butari bune.
Ibisobanuro bigomba gusobanurwa neza muburyo bwubuhanga, bidasubirwaho kwihanganira kwihanganira bisabwa. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa n'ubushobozi bwo gukora no gutunganya uburyo bwo gupima burashobora kuyobora igenamiterere rifatika kandi rigezweho. Uku gusobanura bifasha kwirinda ibice birenga injeniyeri, bigabanya amafaranga bitari ngombwa mugihe uhagaze.
Ubufatanye hagati yubushakashatsi hamwe nabampuguke zikora ni ngombwa muri iki cyiciro. Itumanaho ritaziguye rirashobora kwerekana ibibazo byose bishobora gukora no guhindura ibisobanuro ukurikije, kureba niba igishushanyo mbonera cyagaciro kandi kigakora.
Imyitozo myiza yo gushushanya
Ibishushanyo byubwubatsi ni ikiraro hagati yubushakashatsi kandi bukorewe ukuri. Gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere myiza kuri ibi bishushanyo ni ngombwa muguturika neza no kwibumba neza kandi Kuzirika kwa CNC . Ibishushanyo bigomba kubamo amakuru yuzuye kuri GD & T ibiranga GD & T, harimo gukomera, ukoresheje ibimenyetso bisanzwe nibisobanuro nkuko byasobanuwe na asme cyangwa iso. Ibisobanuro no gusobanuka muri ibi bishushanyo birinda amakosa yo gusobanura no gukora.
Ibisobanuro byerekeranye neza bigomba guherekezwa na datum bijyanye nigihe bibaye ngombwa, gutanga urufatiro rusobanutse rwo gupima. Harimo inyandiko cyangwa amakuru yinyongera kumutwe inyuma yihariye arashobora kandi gufasha abakora mugusobanukirwa igishushanyo mbonera, byorohereza inzira yo kubyumva.
Amahugurwa asanzwe hamwe no kuvugurura ibishushanyo mbonera no gukora ibicuruzwa bigezweho nibikoresho bya software byo gukora no gusobanura ibishushanyo bituma bidahuje ubudakemuro kandi bukaba busobanutse neza.
Gufatanya nababikora kugirango bagenzure neza
Mubice bya GD & T, gufatanya nababikora hakiri kare kubishushanyo mbonera nuburyo bufatika bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ubufatanye nkubu bufasha kugabana ubumenyi, aho abakora bashobora gutanga ubushishozi kubyagezweho, harimo ubukonje, kandi bagagira ingaruka zishingiye ku mikorere ubushobozi no gupima.
Ubu bufatanye butera ibidukikije bifite ireme, aho ibibazo bishobora kumenyekana no gukemurwa mbere yuko umusaruro, kugabanya imyanda no kugende. Byongeye kandi, abakora ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho byo gupima-ubuhanzi birashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byingirakamaro kubice bihuye nibisobanuro, bitanga umusanzu mubikorwa byo gukomeza muburyo bwo gushushanya no gukora.
Abakora barimo icyiciro cyo gushushanya kandi bamenyeshwa ibikorwa bikomeye byigice bihagaze neza kugirango bakomeze kugenzura ubuziranenge, bumvikanye neza ibicuruzwa byanyuma bihuye nibisobanuro nibisabwa byimikorere.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gukomera no kugororoka?
Igisubizo: Gufunga bireba hejuru; Igororoka kumurongo cyangwa amashoka. Gufunga byemeza uburinganire bwa; Igororoka ryemerera umurongo. Buriwese akorera ibipimo bitandukanye byo kugenzura.
Ikibazo: Nigute akarere katoroshye kagenwe?
Igisubizo: gisobanurwa nindege ebyiri zibangikanye. Intera iri hagati yiyi ndege igereranya kwihanganira. Ingingo zose zo hejuru zigomba kubeshya muriyi ndege.
Ikibazo: Birashobora gukomera bikoreshwa muburyo bugoramye?
Igisubizo: Yego, igorofa irashobora gusaba niba usuzumye gutandukana. Yibanze ku turere two hejuru aho kuba muri rusange. Gufunga neza neza kimwe mubice byagenwe.
Ikibazo: Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha Cmm optique yo gupima?
Igisubizo: Gusobanuka neza no gukora neza. Ishoboye gushushanya hejuru. Itanga ibisobanuro birambuye bya digitale kubisesengura.
Ikibazo: Nigute nshobora gusobanura umuhamagaro wo gukomera ku gishushanyo cy'ubwubatsi?
Igisubizo: Menya ikimenyetso cyo gufunga muburyo bwo kugenzura. Reba agaciro kanini. Koresha kwihanganira kwishyurwa hejuru.
Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha uburinganire muri GD & T?
Igisubizo: Koresha ibimenyetso bisanzwe hamwe nibimenyetso. Gusobanura neza ibisobanuro. Menya neza ko igishushanyo mbonera cya Amva cyangwa ISO.
Ikibazo: Nigute guhobera bishobora gukoreshwa mugugenzura ibirindiro byihanganirana?
Igisubizo: Nubutaka bwo guterana burasa. Kugabanya kwegeranya kwihanganira interaniro. Bitezimbere igice na imikorere.
Ikibazo: Ese datum ikenewe kugirango igenzure?
Igisubizo: Oya, igorofa ntabwo bisaba datum. Yigenga isuzumwa hejuru. Datum ikoreshwa mubundi bwoko bwa geometrike.
Ikibazo: Nigute kwihanganira kwinezeza bigira ingaruka kumikorere itandukanye?
Igisubizo: Gukora ubuso bwo gukumira neza. Irinde ibibazo by'iteraniro no gukora nabi. Ibyingenzi kuri kashe nimisatsi.
