VDI 3400 ye fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛnw kɛ. Nin sariyaba in bɛ tali kɛ fɛn suguya 45 danfaralenw na, k’a ta fini nɔgɔlenw na ka se a laban ma, ka baara kɛ ka se iziniw ni baarakɛcogo suguya caman ma.
VDI 3400 faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ mɔbili dilannikɛlaw, fɛn dilannikɛlaw, ani sugukɛlaw bolo minnu b’u cɛsiri ka fɛnw dilan minnu ka ɲi, minnu bɛ mɔgɔ ɲɛnajɛ, ani minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ɲumanw ye. Ni u bɛ tugu nin sariya in kɔ, baarakɛlaw bɛ se ka fɛnw cogoya bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, fɛn dilanni taabolo, fɛnw, ani baara laban wajibiyalenw bɛɛ la, laban na, o bɛ na ni fɛn dilannenw ka baara kɛcogo ɲuman ye ani ka kiliyanw wasa.
VDI 3400 sariyaw faamuyali .
VDI 3400 texture ye mun ye?
VDI 3400 ye fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ wele Nin sariya in kɛra fɛn ye min bɛ ta kosɛbɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, a tɛ kɛ Alimanjamana dɔrɔn na, i n’a fɔ kunnafoni dafalen min bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka dugukolo sanfɛla fɛnw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma ani minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ, fɛn dilanni taabolo suguya caman na.
VDI 3400 sariya bɛ tali kɛ fɛn suguya caman na, k’a ta fini nɔgɔlenw na ka se u laban ma, ka se ka iziniw ka mago suguya caman ɲɛnabɔ. A bɛ Kɛ ni sɛbɛnnibolo suguya 12 ye minnu bɛ Bɔ ɲɔgɔn na, k’a Tà VDI 12 la ka Taa VDI 45 la, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ ni dugukolo-yɔrɔ-ko gɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye ani u kɛcogo.
VDI 3400 kalasi . | Surface Roughness (RA, μm) . | Aplikasi typique . |
VDI 12 . | 0.40 | Pologne low . |
VDI 15 . | 0.56 | Pologne low . |
VDI 18 . | 0.80 | Satin fini . |
VDI 21 . | 1.12 | Dull fini . |
VDI 24 . | 1.60 | Dull fini . |
VDI 27 . | 2.24 | Dull fini . |
VDI 30 . | 3.15 | Dull fini . |
VDI 33 . | 4.50 | Dull fini . |
VDI 36 . | 6.30 | Dull fini . |
VDI 39 . | 9.00 | Dull fini . |
VDI 42 . | 12.50 | Dull fini . |
VDI 45 . | 18.00 | Dull fini . |
VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw kɛcogo fɔlɔw ye:
l Mobili industry: Kɔnɔna ni kɛnɛma yɔrɔw .
l Elektroniki: Sow, Casings ani Butɔnw .
l Dɔgɔtɔrɔso minɛnw: Minɛnw ni minɛnw yɔrɔw .
l Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw feere: pakew, minɛnw, ani baarakɛminɛnw .
VDI 3400 textures ka categories .
VDI 3400 sariya bɛ tali kɛ fɛnw suguya caman na, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ ni surface roughness values ani applications kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. O dakunw bɛ Labɛn ni jatedenw ye k’a Tà VDI 12 la ka Taa VDI 45 la, ni dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya bɛ ka caya ni jatebla bɛ Taa ɲɛ.
Nin ye VDI 3400 texture categories ani u ka RA ni RZ nafaw ye minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma:
VDI 3400 kalasi . | RA (μm) . | Rz (μm) . | Aplikasi . |
VDI 12 . | 0.40 | 1.50 | Polisi duguma yɔrɔw, misali la, miiriliw, lensɛriw . |
VDI 15 . | 0.56 | 2.40 | Pologne low polois, misali la, mobili kɔnɔna trim . |
VDI 18 . | 0.80 | 3.30 | Satin fini, misali la, du kɔnɔ minɛnw . |
VDI 21 . | 1.12 | 4.70 | Dull fini, misali la, elekitoroniki minɛnw ka so . |
VDI 24 . | 1.60 | 6.50 | fini dull, misali la, mobili kɛnɛma yɔrɔw . |
VDI 27 . | 2.24 | 10.50 | Dull fini, misali la, izini minɛnw . |
VDI 30 . | 3.15 | 12.50 | Dull fini, misali la, jɔli baarakɛminɛnw . |
VDI 33 . | 4.50 | 17.50 | Dull fini, misali la, sɛnɛ masinw . |
VDI 36 . | 6.30 | 24.00 | Dull fini, misali la, minɛn girinmanw . |
VDI 39 . | 9.00 | 34.00 | fini dull, misali la, minɛnko minɛnw . |
VDI 42 . | 12.50 | 48.00 | Dull fini, misali la, petroli ni gazi baarakɛyɔrɔw . |
VDI 45 . | 18.00 | 69.00 | Dull fini, misali la, sigida laminiko juguw . |
RA nafa bɛ jatebɔ hakɛ cɛmancɛ jira surface roughness profile la, ka sɔrɔ RZ hakɛ bɛ profile janya hakɛ danma jira. O nafaw bɛ injiniyɛriw ni dilanbagaw dɛmɛ ka VDI 3400 sɛbɛnni suguya bɛnnen sugandi u ka baarakɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kama, ka jateminɛ kɛ fɛnw na i n’a fɔ:
L Material Compatibilité .
l Surface yecogo ɲininen .
l Baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw (misali la, slip resistance, wear resistance)
l fɛn dilanni seko ni musaka dɔgɔyali .
VDI 3400 vs. texturing sariya wɛrɛw .
Hali ni VDI 3400 ye sɛbɛnnikɛcogo ye min bɛ dɔn kosɛbɛ ani min bɛ baara kɛ ni a ye, a nafa ka bon ka a faamuya cogo min na a bɛ tali kɛ diɲɛ sariya wɛrɛw la. Nin dakun in bɛna VDI 3400 sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni sɛbɛnnikɛcogo wɛrɛw sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, k’u kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jira, u nafaw, ani u nafa minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na.
VDI 3400 ni SPI fini .
SPI (Société des industrie de plastique) Finish Standard bɛ baara kɛ ka caya Ameriki jamana na, wa a bɛ sinsin surface finish (yɔrɔ min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw labɛn) nɔgɔyali kan. O ni VDI 3400 ta tɛ kelen ye, a bɛ sinsin dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya kan, wa a bɛ ta ka caya Erɔpu ani diɲɛ yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la.
Yɔrɔ | VDI 3400 . | SPI Finish . |
Ɲɛsin | Surface Roughness . | Surface Smoothness . |
Geographic caya . | Erɔpu ani diɲɛ fan bɛɛ . | Etats-Unis . |
Kalanso hakɛ . | 12 (VDI 12 ka se VDI 45 ma) . | 12 (A-1 ka se D-3 ma) . |
Waleyali | Mold texturing . | Mold Polishing . |
VDI 3400 vs.
Mold-Tech, n’o ye Ameriki ka baarakɛyɔrɔ ye, o bɛ fɛnw dilanni baara kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye, wa a bɛ sɛbɛnni kɛcogo caman di. Hali ni mɔli-fɛɛrɛw bɛ fɛn caman di u dilanni na, VDI 3400 bɛ fɛɛrɛ jɔnjɔn di dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya ma.
Yɔrɔ | VDI 3400 . | textures moule-tech . |
Texture suguyaw . | Standardized roughness grades . | Modèles de texture custom . |
Flexibilité . | A dan ye kalasi 12 ye . | High, bɛ se ka misali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw dilan . |
Fasaya | sanfɛ, ka da sariyatigɛ kan . | A bɛ bɔ a kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na . |
Sɔngɔ | Jɛnkulu la . | sanfɛ, ka da ladamuni kan . |
VDI 3400 vs yick textures .
Yick Sang, n’o ye Sinuwaw ka tɔn ye, o bɛ sɛbɛnni baara caman kɛ ani a bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ Sinuwa jamana na ani Azi jamana wɛrɛw la. Hali ni Yick ye textures (daɲɛw) fɔ minnu bɛ misali caman di, VDI 3400 bɛ fɛɛrɛ dɔ di min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin surface (yɔrɔ) gɛlɛya ma.
Yɔrɔ | VDI 3400 . | Yick Sang textures . |
Texture suguyaw . | Standardized roughness grades . | texture modèles suguya caman . |
Geographic caya . | Erɔpu ani diɲɛ fan bɛɛ . | Sinuwa ni Azi jamanaw . |
Fasaya | sanfɛ, ka da sariyatigɛ kan . | A bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni a kɛcogo ye . |
Sɔngɔ | Jɛnkulu la . | A bɛ kɛ danma ye, ka da sugandili suguya caman kan . |
Sumanikɛlanw ɲɛfɔli .
Walasa ka VDI 3400 sariya faamuya ka ɲɛ, a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ ka sumanikɛlanw minɛ minnu bɛ kɛ ka dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya hakɛ jateminɛ. VDI 3400 sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ baara kɛ fɔlɔ ni unit fila ye: RA (Roughness Average) ani Rz (hakɛ hakɛ maksimali ka ɲɛsin profile ma). O yɔrɔw bɛ jira ka caya mikromɛtiriw (μm) walima mikroinches (μin) la.
1. RA (a hakɛ gɛlɛn) .
kelen. RA ye jatebɔ cɛmancɛ ye min bɛ sɔrɔ profil janya jiginniw nafa dafalenw na ka bɔ layini cɛmancɛ la jateminɛ janya kɔnɔ.
B. A bɛ ɲɛfɔli caman Di surface texture (yɔrɔ min bɛ Kɛ ka ɲɛ) la wa a ye paramètre (daɲɛ) ye min bɛ Kɛ ka caya VDI 3400 standard (VDI 3400 sariya) kɔnɔ.
C. RA hakɛw bɛ jira mikromɛtiriw (μm) walima mikroinches (μin).1 μm = 0,001 mm = 0,000039 inch .
Ne. 1 μin = 0,000001 insi = 0,0254 μm .
2. RZ (average maximum height of the profile)
kelen. RZ ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli janya duuru tugu-tugulen hakɛ dantɛmɛnen hakɛ danma ye jateminɛ janya kɔnɔ.
B. A bɛ kunnafoni Di surface texture (yɔrɔ min bɛ Kɛ ni a sanfɛla ye) cogoya jɔlenw kan wa a bɛ Kɛ ka caya ni RA ye.
C. Rz hakɛw fana bɛ jira mikromɛtiriw (μm) walima mikroinches (μin) la.
Nin ja in bɛ RA ni RZ hakɛw jira VDI 3400 hakɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ la mikromɛtiriw ni mikroinches fila bɛɛ la:
VDI 3400 kalasi . | RA (μm) . | RA (μin) . | Rz (μm) . | Rz (μin) . |
VDI 12 . | 0.40 | 16 | 1.50 | 60 |
VDI 15 . | 0.56 | 22 | 2.40 | 96 |
VDI 18 . | 0.80 | 32 | 3.30 | 132 |
VDI 21 . | 1.12 | 45 | 4.70 | 188 |
VDI 24 . | 1.60 | 64 | 6.50 | 260 |
VDI 27 . | 2.24 | 90 | 10.50 | 420 |
VDI 30 . | 3.15 | 126 | 12.50 | 500 |
VDI 33 . | 4.50 | 180 | 17.50 | 700 |
VDI 36 . | 6.30 | 252 | 24.00 | 960 |
VDI 39 . | 9.00 | 360 | 34.00 | 1360 |
VDI 42 . | 12.50 | 500 | 48.00 | 1920 |
VDI 45 . | 18.00 | 720 | 69.00 | 2760 |
A ɲinini ni a nafaw .
VDI 3400 waleyali izini suguya wɛrɛw la .
VDI 3400 textures bɛ baara caman sɔrɔ izini suguya caman kɔnɔ, k’a sababu kɛ u ka fɛn caman kɛcogo ye ani u cogoya ye min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye. Nin ye misali dɔw ye minnu b’a jira cogo min na seko ni dɔnko danfaralenw bɛ baara kɛ ni VDI 3400 textures ye u ka fɛn dilanni taabolo la:
1. Mobili industrie .
kelen. Kɔnɔna yɔrɔw: Dashboard, da pannew, ani trim yɔrɔw .
B. Kɛnɛma yɔrɔw: bumpers, grilles, ani miroir so .
C. Misali: VDI 27 Texture min bɛ kɛ mobili ka dashboard kan walasa ka fini matte, low-gloss fini sɔrɔ .
2. Aerospace industrie .
kelen. Avion kɔnɔna yɔrɔw: Sanfɛ binkɛnɛw, sigilan yɔrɔw, ani kogow pannew .
B. Misali: VDI 30 Texture min bɛ kɛ awiyɔn kɔnɔna trim kan walasa a ka kɛ fini ye min bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ, min bɛ mɛn sen na .
3. Electronics consommateurs .
kelen. Minɛnw ka so: telefɔni seleke naani, ɔridinatɛriw, ani telewisɔnw .
B. Butɔnw ni Knobs: Yɔrɔjanw, minɛnw, ani tulonkɛfɛnw ɲɛminɛbagaw .
C. Misali: VDI 21 Texture min bɛ kɛ smartfon dɔ kɔkanna datugulan kan walasa ka fini ɲuman, satin sɔrɔ .
Nafa minnu bɛ VDI 3400 textures la .
VDI 3400 textures waleyali fɛnw dilanni n’u dilanni na, olu bɛ nafa caman di, i n’a fɔ:
1. Fɛn minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛnw muɲu, olu bɛ se ka kɛ ka ɲɛ .
kelen. Surface finish constant bɛ sɛgɛnbaliya ni ɲɛnamaya janya bonya .
B. A bɛ dɔgɔya ka a tigi sɔgɔsɔgɔ, ka a sɔgɔ, ani ka a kɛ a ɲɛda tiɲɛni wɛrɛw la .
2. Aesthetic appeal enhanced .
kelen. texture options caman minnu bɛ bɛn dilancogo fɛɛrɛ suguya caman ma .
B. Surface yecogo min bɛ to ka kɛ fɛn dilanni kuluw kan .
3. dɔ farala sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni nafa kan .
kelen. textures standardisées bɛ nɔgɔya don nɔgɔ dilanni na ani a dilanni na .
B. ɲɛtaa waatiw dɔgɔyara ani ka dɔ fara sɔrɔ kan ka da walew kan minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ .
4. Kunnafonidila ka ɲɛsin kiliyanw wasako ma .
kelen. Surface finiw minnu ka ɲi kosɛbɛ, olu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka baarakɛcogo ɲumanw sɔrɔ .
B. Fɛn dilannenw cogoya ni u muɲuni bɛ taa ni u ye tuma bɛɛ, o bɛ na ni kiliyanw ka kantigiya caya ye .
VDI 3400 Textures in Mold Design cogo min na .
Walasa ka VDI 3400 textures don aw ka mɔli dilanni na ka ɲɛ, aw bɛ nin fɛɛrɛ ninnu tigɛ:
1. A’ ye surface finish ɲininenw jateminɛ ka da fɛn dilannenw wajibiyalenw kan ani ɲɛnajɛko fɛɛrɛw kan .
2. VDI 3400 texture grade bɛnnen sugandi (misali la, VDI 24 walasa ka fini dulen sɔrɔ)
3. Aw ye fɛnw cogoyaw jateminɛ ani ka sɛbɛnnibolow sugandi minnu bɛnnen don (aw ye sigida 3.4 lajɛ) .
4. VDI 3400 texture grade sugandilen jira mold drawing walima CAD modɛli kan .
5. Aw bɛ sɛbɛnnikɛcogo wajibiyalenw fɔ ka jɛya ni mɔlikɛla ye .
6. Aw bɛ sɛbɛnni kɛcogo ɲuman sɛgɛsɛgɛ mɔli kɔrɔbɔliw waati la ani ka a ladilan ni a mago bɛ a la .
Ni aw bɛ sɛbɛnniw sugandi, aw bɛ nin ko ninnu jateminɛ:
l Material Compatibilité: Aw ye a lajɛ ko a kɛcogo bɛnnen don fɛn sugandilenw ma .
l Finish ɲininen: Aw bɛ sɛbɛnnibolo dɔ sugandi min bɛ bɛn ni a ɲɛda cogoya laɲininen ye .
L Product Release: Aw bɛ fɛnw sugandi minnu bɛ nɔgɔya yɔrɔ bɔli nɔgɔya ka bɔ mɔli la .
Material-specifique drafting angles .
Drafting angles jɔyɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ nɔgɔ dilanni na, bawo u bɛ nɔgɔya ka bɔ nɔgɔ yɔrɔ la ka bɔ nɔgɔbɔlan kɔnɔ. Sɛbɛnni-yɔrɔ bɛnnen bɛ Bɔ fɛn min bɛ Kɛ ani surface texture (yɔrɔ min bɛ Kɛ) min ɲɛfɔlen dòn VDI 3400 sariya fɛ. Drafting angles (sɔgɔli yɔrɔw) dafabaliya bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka yɔrɔ dɔw nɔrɔ, ka dugukolo yɔrɔw tiɲɛ, ani ka dɔ fara sɛgɛn kan moule surface kan.
Nin ye tabali ye min bɛ sɛbɛnnibolow jira minnu bɛ fɔ ka kɛɲɛ ni plastiki ye min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni VDI 3400 texture grades ye:
Minɛ | VDI 3400 kalasi . | Angle de drafting (degerew) . |
ABS . | 12 - 21 . | 0,5° - 1,0° . |
24 - 33 . | 1,0° - 2,5° . |
36 - 45 . | 3,0° - 6,0° . |
PC . | 12 - 21 . | 1,0° - 1,5° . |
24 - 33 . | 1,5° - 3,0° . |
36 - 45 . | 4,0° - 7,0° . |
PA . | 12 - 21 . | 0,0° - 0,5° . |
24 - 33 . | 0,5° - 2,0° . |
36 - 45 . | 2,5° - 5,0° . |
*Kɔlɔsili: Sɛbɛnni-yɔrɔ minnu bɛ sanfɛ, olu ye laadilikanw ye. Aw bɛ to ka aw ka fɛnw feerela ani aw ka mɔbili dilannikɛla ɲininka walasa ka ladilikan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw sɔrɔ ka da aw ka poroze wajibiyalenw kan.
Fɛn minnu ka kan ka jateminɛ ni sɛbɛnnibolow latigɛcogo ye:
l VDI 3400 grades (jatebɔw) bɛ sɛbɛnnibolo belebelebaw de wajibiya walasa ka a yɔrɔ bɔ ka ɲɛ.
L Fɛn minnu ka dɔgɔyali hakɛ ka ca, i n’a fɔ ABS ani PC, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ sɛbɛnnibolo belebelebaw de wajibiya ni u bɛ tali kɛ fɛnw na i n’a fɔ PA.
l Yɔrɔ jateminɛ minnu ka gɛlɛn, i n’a fɔ kɔkili jugumanw walima u jukɔrɔla tigɛlenw, olu bɛ se ka kɛ wajibi ye ka sɛbɛnnibolo belebelebaw wajibiya walasa ka nɔrɔli bali ani ka bɔli nɔgɔya.
L textured surfaces (yɔrɔ minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ) bɛ kɛ cogoya la, u bɛ drafting angles belebelebaw de wajibiya ni u bɛ tali kɛ surfaces (yɔrɔ) nɔgɔlenw na walasa ka surface (yɔrɔ) laban ɲininen mara ani ka i yɛrɛ tanga deformation (yɛrɛlabɔli) ma bɔli waati.
Ni i ye sɛbɛnnibolodacogo bɛnnenw sugandi ka da fɛn kan ani VDI 3400 texture grade kan, i bɛ se k’a lajɛ ko:
l Yɔrɔ bɔli nɔgɔya ka bɔ nɔgɔ la .
l A bɛ dɔ bɔ a sanfɛla tiɲɛniw ni a jiginni farati la .
l Mɔbiliw ka muɲuli ni u ka ɲɛnamaya janya .
l Surface texture constant across multiple production runs .
Fɛɛrɛko siratigɛ la .
A dilanni fɛɛrɛw VDI 3400 textures .
VDI 3400 textures bɛ se ka dilan ni fɛɛrɛ suguya caman ye, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ n’u nafa n’u dan ye. Fɛɛrɛ fila minnu ka teli ka kɛ, olu ye kuran bɔli masin (EDM) ani kemikɛli ye.
1. Kuran bɔli masin (EDM) .
kelen. EDM ye baara ye min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ kosɛbɛ ani min bɛ kɔlɔsi kosɛbɛ, min bɛ baara kɛ ni kuran ye walasa ka nɔgɔbɔlan sanfɛla tiɲɛ ani ka fɛn ɲininenw dilan.
B. O kɛcogo bɛ Kɛ ni elekitorode ye min bɛ Taa ni 'sèn ye (a ka c'a la, grafite walima kuran) min bɛ Kɛ ka Kɛɲɛ ni 'fɛn ye min bɛ Kɛ ni 'fɛn ye min bɛ Kɛ ni 'sèn ye.
C. Kuran bɛ Bɔ elekitorode ni nɔgɔ-yɔrɔ cɛ, ka fɛn Bɔ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin ani ka sɛbɛnni Kɛ.
D. EDM bɛ se ka fɛnw dilan minnu ka gɛlɛn ani minnu bɛ fɛn caman ɲɛfɔ, o b’a to a bɛnnen don dilancogo gɛlɛnw ma ani baarakɛcogo tigitigiw ma.
2. Etching chimique .
kelen. Kimikɛlanw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye fɛɛrɛ ye min musaka ka dɔgɔ ani min bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ walasa ka VDI 3400 fɛnw dilan yɔrɔbaw kan.
B. O kɛcogo ye ka masike dɔ kɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ ni kemikali ye, ka a kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye, ka yɔrɔw to u ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye.
C. O kɔfɛ, nɔgɔ bɛ su ji la asidɔni jilama dɔ la, o bɛ yɔrɔw bɔ kɛnɛ kan minnu bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan, ka fɛn ɲininenw dilan.
D. Kimikɛlan nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka fɛn kelenw sɔrɔ nɔgɔw yɔrɔbaw la, wa a bɛnnen don dilancogo gɛlɛnw ma minnu man gɛlɛn.
Laadalata sɛbɛnni fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw, i n’a fɔ cɛncɛn ni bololabaara, olu fana bɛ se ka kɛ ka VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw dilan. Nka, o fɛɛrɛ ninnu tɛ ɲɛfɔ ka ɲɛ, wa u bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka bɛnbaliya don mɔbili sanfɛla la.
Jogoɲumanya ni sariyaw labatoli .
Walasa ka VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw kɛcogo ɲuman n’u kɛcogo ɲuman sabati, fɛn dilannikɛlaw ka kan ka jogoɲini taabolo barikamaw waleya ani ka tugu diɲɛ sariyaw kɔ.
Jogoɲumanya sabatili yɔrɔ kolomaw VDI 3400 texture production kɔnɔ:
l EDM masinw ni kemikɛli minɛnw jateminɛcogo n’u ladonni tuma bɛɛ .
l Taabolo paramɛtiriw kɔlɔsili gɛlɛn, i n’a fɔ elekitorode sɛgɛn, etching waati, ani solution concentration .
l yeli ni tagama ye nɔgɔw yɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛli la walasa u ka se ka fɛnw kɛ cogo kelen na ani ka u sɔrɔ u tɛ se ka kɛ .
l Surface Roughness Measuring Instruments (misali la, profilometers) baara walasa ka VDI 3400 sariyaw labatoli sɛgɛsɛgɛ .
Dugukolo kan sariyaw labatoli, i n’a fɔ ISO 25178 (Surface Texture: Areal) ani ISO 4287 (Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profil Method), o b’a to VDI 3400 sɛbɛnni bɛ bɛn diɲɛ kɔnɔ jogo ni bɛnkan wajibiyalenw ma.
Fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin surface finiw sumani ma .
Surface roughness sumani tigitigi nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka VDI 3400 sariyaw labatoli sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka fɛn laban ka ɲumanya sabati. Fɛɛrɛ min ka teli ka kɛ ka ɲɛsin sanfɛla gɛlɛya sumani ma, o ye ka baara kɛ ni profilometer ye.
1. Profilometers .
kelen. Profilometers ye minɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni sɛbɛnnikɛlan walima laser ye walasa ka dugukolo sanfɛla cogoya lajɛ ani ka a sanfɛla gɛlɛya suman.
B. U bɛ sumanikɛlanw di minnu bɛ tiɲɛ kosɛbɛ ani minnu bɛ se ka segin u kan, o de b’a to u ye sugandili ɲuman ye jogoɲini ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama.
C. Profilometers bɛ se ka surface roughness paramètres suguya caman suman, i n’a fɔ RA (arithmetic mean roughness) ani Rz (a janya maximum height of profile), i n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔlen bɛ cogo min na VDI 3400 sariya kɔnɔ.
2. Sumanikɛcogo wɛrɛw .
kelen. Surface finish gauges, n’a bɛ fɔ fana ko comparateurs, olu ye yelifɛnw ye minnu bɛ ye ani minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka surface textures suma teliya la ani nɔgɔya la ka kɛɲɛ ni reference samples ye.
B. Hali ni surface finish gauges tɛ tigitigi ye ka tɛmɛ profilometers kan, u nafa ka bon ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli teliya yɔrɔw la ani ka jogoɲini fɔlɔw kɛ.
Sumani filiw, i n’a fɔ minɛnw jateminɛcogo jugu walima misali tacogo juguw, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya kalanniw kɛ cogo bɛnbali la ani ka se ka nɔ bila fɛn laban na min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ. Walasa ka sumani filiw dɔgɔya, a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ:
l Aw bɛ to ka sumanikɛminɛnw jateminɛ ani ka u mara .
l Aw bɛ tugu sumanikɛcogo la min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye ani misali tacogo fɛɛrɛw .
l Aw bɛ a lajɛ ni nɔgɔ sanfɛla saniyalen don ani ni nɔgɔw walima nɔgɔw tɛ aw la sani aw ka sumani kɛ .
l Aw bɛ sumanikɛlan caman kɛ nɔgɔ sanfɛ walasa ka jateminɛ kɛ fɛn caman ɲɔgɔnna caman na .
Ni u ye jogoɲumanya sabatili taabolo ɲumanw waleya, ka tugu diɲɛ sariyaw kɔ, ani ka baara kɛ ni dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya sumanikɛcogo tigitigiw ye, fɛn dilannikɛlaw bɛ se ka VDI 3400 fɛnw dilan minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ, ani ka kiliyanw wasa.
Ka diɲɛ kɔnɔ fɛnw kɛcogo sariyaw suma ɲɔgɔn na .
VDI 3400 vs SPI Finish Standards .
Ni kuma bɛ kɛ surface texture standards kan, a nafa ka bon ka danfara minnu bɛ VDI 3400 ni SPI (Société de la plastics industry) ka sariyaw dafa, olu faamuya. Hali ni o sariya fila bɛɛ laɲini ye ka sanfɛla fɛnw ɲɛfɔcogo basigilen di, u sinsinyɔrɔw ni u baarayɔrɔw danfaralenw bɛ u la.
Danfaraba minnu bɛ VDI 3400 ni SPI Finish sariyaw cɛ:
1. Ɲɛsin
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ sinsin surface roughness kan ani a bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ ka mould texturing kɛ.
B. SPI Finish: A bɛ sinsin surface smoothness kan ani a bɛ kɛ ka caya mold polishing kama.
2. Sumanikɛlanw .
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ suman RA (average roughness) ani Rz (average maximum height of the profile), a ka c’a la mikromɛtiriw (μM) la.
B. SPI Finish: Su bɛ suman RA la (average roughness), a ka c’a la microinches (μin).
3. Standard range .
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ kɛ kalasi 45 ye, ka bɔ VDI 0 (smoothest) la ka se VDI 45 ma (a ka gɛlɛn).
B. SPI Finish: A bɛ kɛ kalasi 12 ye, k’a ta A-1 (smoothest) la ka se D-3 ma (a ka gɛlɛn).
4. Dugukoloko caya .
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ Erɔpu jamanaw na ani diɲɛ yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la.
B. SPI Finish: A bɛ baara kɛ fɔlɔ Ameriki jamana na.
Ni aw bɛ VDI 3400 ni SPI Finish sariyaw sugandi, aw bɛ nin ko ninnu jateminɛ:
l Porozɛw sigiyɔrɔ ani izini sariyaw .
L A ka kan ka kɛ yɔrɔ min na, o ka gɛlɛn walima a ka nɔgɔ .
l Mold Material ani a dilanni taabolo .
l Bɛn ni porozew ka ɲɛfɔli wɛrɛw ye .
Walasa ka VDI 3400 ni SPI Finish sariyaw sangali nɔgɔya, fɛn caman tigɛli tabali dɔ filɛ nin ye min bɛ bɛn ni hakɛ surunw ye sariya fila ninnu cɛ:
VDI 3400 kalasi . | SPI Finish Grade . | RA (μM) . | RA (μin) . |
0-5 . | A-3. | 0.10 | 4-8 ye. |
6-10 . | B-3. | 0.20 | 8-12 . |
11-12 . | C-1. | 0.35 | 14-16 . |
13-15 . | C-2. | 0.50 | 20-24 ye. |
16-17 . | C-3 ye. | 0.65 | 25-28 . |
18-20 . | D-1. | 0.90 | 36-40 . |
21-29 . | D-2. | 1.60 | 64-112 . |
30-45 . | D-3. | 4.50 | 180-720 . |
*Kɔlɔsili: Yɛlɛma-yɛlɛma tabali bɛ bɛnkanw di sariya fila ninnu cɛ ka da RA nafaw kan. Aw bɛ to ka sariya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ka sɛbɛnw lajɛ tuma bɛɛ walasa ka fɛnw ɲɛfɔcogo tigitigiw ni u muɲuni dɔn.
VDI 3400 vs. texture belebele wɛrɛw .
ka fara o kan . SPI Finish Standards , sɛbɛnni sariyaba wɛrɛw bɛ yen minnu bɛ baara kɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, i n’a fɔ Mold-Tech ani Yick ye sɛbɛnni kɛ. Nin yɔrɔ in bɛna VDI 3400 ni nin sɛbɛnnikɛcogo sariyaw suma ɲɔgɔn na, k’u danfara jɔnjɔnw n’u kɛcogo jira.
VDI 3400 vs.
Mold-Tech, n’o ye Ameriki jamana ka baarakɛyɔrɔ ye, o bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka sɛbɛnni kɛcogo caman kɛ. Danfaraba minnu bɛ VDI 3400 ni mɔli-fɛɛrɛw cɛ, olu filɛ nin ye:
1. Texture suguya .
kelen. VDI 3400: Standardized roughness grades, focusing on surface roughness.
B. Mold-Tech: Libraryba min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye, i n’a fɔ jateminɛ, nature ani abstrait designs.
2. Flexibilité .
kelen. VDI 3400: dan ye 45 ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye.
B. Mold-Tech: A bɛ se ka kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye kosɛbɛ, a bɛ sira di fɛnw dilanni ma minnu tɛ kelen ye ani minnu ka gɛlɛn.
3. Aplikasi yɔrɔw .
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ kɛ ka caya mobili kɔnɔ . Pikiri mɔli , aerospace ani elekitoroniki baarakɛlaw.
B. Mold-Tech: A bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ mobili baara la kɔnɔna ni kɛnɛma yɔrɔw kama.
Tablo min bɛ VDI 3400 ni mɔli-fɛɛrɛw cɛ:
VDI 3400 kalasi . | texture de moule-tech . |
18 | MT 11010 . |
24 | MT 11020 . |
30 | MT 11030 . |
36 | MT 11040 . |
42 | MT 11050 . |
*Kɔlɔsili: Yɛlɛma-yɛlɛma tabali bɛ bɛnkanw di minnu bɛ bɛn dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya ma. Aw bɛ to ka ɲɔgɔn lajɛ ni mould-tech ye walasa ka sɛbɛnni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛ.
VDI 3400 vs yick textures .
Yick Sang, n’o ye Hong Kong ka baarakɛyɔrɔ ye, o bɛ sɛbɛnni baara caman kɛ ani a bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ Sinuwa jamana na ani Azi jamana wɛrɛw la. Nin ye danfara jɔnjɔnw ye VDI 3400 ni YICK ka fɛnw kan minnu bɛ wele ko textures:
1. Texture suguya .
kelen. VDI 3400: Standardized roughness grades, focusing on surface roughness.
B. Yick Sang: Bibliyotɛkiba min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye, i n’a fɔ jateminɛ, nature ani abstrait designs.
2. Flexibilité .
kelen. VDI 3400: dan ye 45 ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye.
B. Yick Sang: A bɛ se ka kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye kosɛbɛ, a bɛ sira di fɛnw dilanni ma minnu tɛ kelen ye ani minnu ka gɛlɛn.
3. Aplikasi yɔrɔw .
kelen. VDI 3400: A bɛ kɛ ka caya mobili, aerospace ani consumer electronics baarakɛyɔrɔw la.
B. Yick Sang: A bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ mɔgɔw ka ɛntɛrinɛti ni du kɔnɔ minɛnw na.
Tablo min bɛ VDI 3400 ni YICK cɛ, o bɛ fɛnw sɛmɛntiya:
VDI 3400 kalasi . | Yick Sang texture . |
18 | YS 8001 . |
24 | YS 8002 . |
30 | YS 8003 . |
36 | YS 8004 . |
42 | YS 8005 . |
*Kɔlɔsili: Yɛlɛma-yɛlɛma tabali bɛ bɛnkanw di minnu bɛ bɛn dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya ma. Aw bɛ to ka Yick Sang lajɛ walasa ka sɛbɛnni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ladilikanw sɔrɔ.
Kalansenw:
1. Mobili dilanko tɔnba dɔ ye mould-tech textures sugandi ka tɛmɛ VDI 3400 kan u ka mobili kɔnɔna yɔrɔw kama k’a sababu kɛ fɛnw cogoya caman ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ ani se ka kɛ ka fɛnw dilan minnu bɛ bɛn u ka taamasiyɛn ma.
2. Mɔgɔ minnu bɛ fɛnw feere, olu ka ɛntɛrinɛti tɔn dɔ ye Yick Sang textures sugandi VDI 3400 kan u ka telefɔni seleke naani kɔnɔ k’a sababu kɛ gafemarayɔrɔba ye min bɛ sɛbɛnni kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na ani fɛn caman sɛgɛsɛgɛli walasa ka fɛnw dilanni labɛn minnu bɛ u ka fɛn dilannenw danfara bɔ sugu la.
Fɛɛrɛw ni kokuradonniw ɲɛtaa .
Fɛn labanw kɛra VDI 3400 Texture kɔnɔ .
Ni fɛn dilanni fɛɛrɛw bɛ ka taa ɲɛ, kokura kuraw bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan sɛbɛnni fɛɛrɛw la walasa ka VDI 3400 sariyaw waleyacogo ɲɛ. Ko laban dɔw ye:
1. laser texturing .
kelen. Laser texturing technology bɛ sira Di ka surface textures gɛlɛnw ni tigitigiw Dabɔ moule surfaces kan.
B. Nin wale in bɛ fɛn caman di dilancogo la, wa a bɛ se ka cogoya gɛlɛnw dilan minnu sɔrɔli ka gɛlɛn ni laadala fɛɛrɛw ye.
C. Laser texturing bɛ se ka kɛ ka VDI 3400 textures dilan ni consistance ani repeability ɲɛnabɔli ye.
2. 3d imprimé textures .
kelen. Fɛnw dilanni fɛɛrɛw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, i n’a fɔ 3D sɛbɛnni, olu bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ walasa ka mɔli doncogo sɛbɛn.
B. 3D sɛbɛnnenw bɛ se ka jateminɛ kɛ ni jateminɛ gɛlɛnw ye ani ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw sago ye, ka dilancogo sekow bonya VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw na.
C. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ ɲɛmɔgɔya waatiw la ani musakaw la minnu bɛ tali kɛ laadala sɛbɛnnikɛcogo la.
Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw dilanni ma, olu ye fɛɛrɛ hakilitigiw doncogo ye, i n’a fɔ IoT (Internet of Things) ani masin kalanni, walasa ka sɛbɛnni kɛcogo kɔlɔsi ani k’a kɛ cogo ɲuman na waati yɛrɛ la. O ɲɛtaa ninnu bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn dilannikɛlaw dɛmɛ u ka se ka VDI 3400 fɛnw kɛcogo ɲuman, u kɛcogo ɲuman ani u kɛcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ.
Ko kɛlenw ni diɲɛ kɔnɔ baarakɛcogo lakikaw .
Industration caman ye VDI 3400 textures (VDI 3400 textures) waleya u ka fɛn dilannenw na, ka nin sariya in caman kɛcogo n’a nafa jira. Nin ye ko fila ye minnu kɛra:
1. Mobili kɔnɔna yɔrɔw .
kelen. Mobili dilannikɛla dɔ ye VDI 3400 textures kɛ u ka mobili dashboard ni da la pannew kan walasa ka ɲɛnajɛ ni tactile feel sɔrɔ kɔnɔna na.
B. U kɛlen ka baara kɛ ni VDI 24 ani VDI 30 sɛbɛnniw ye, u ye fini dafalen sɔrɔ min bɛ bɛn ani min ka bon kosɛbɛ, o min bɛ u ka dilancogo wajibiyalenw dafa ani u ka kiliyanw ka jigiyaw.
C. VDI 3400 sariyaw waleyali ye dɛmɛ don k’u ka baara kɛcogo ɲɛ ani ka dɔ bɔ bololabaara finiw dilanni na.
2. Dɔgɔtɔrɔso minɛnw Sow .
kelen. Dɔgɔtɔrɔso minɛnw baarakɛyɔrɔ dɔ ye VDI 3400 fɛnw kɛ u ka minɛnw so kɔnɔ walasa ka u minɛcogo ɲɛ ani ka sɛgɛn dɔgɔya baara kɛtuma na.
B. U ye VDI 27 ani VDI 33 textures (VDI 33) sugandi ka da u ka fɛnw cogoyaw kan ani u ka surface (yɔrɔ) gɛlɛya ɲininenw kan.
C. U kɛlen ka VDI 3400 sariyaw labato, u ye fɛnw kɛcogo ɲuman sabati fɛn dilanni batch caman kɔnɔ ani ka furakɛli baarakɛlaw ka saniya ni lakana sariyaw dafa.
Nin ko kɛlenw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ninnu bɛ nafa jira VDI 3400 sɛbɛnni na diɲɛ kɔnɔ baarakɛcogo lakikaw la, i n’a fɔ fɛn dilannenw ka ɲi, baarakɛcogo ɲuman, ani fɛn dilanni taabolo nɔgɔyalen.
Ɲɛtaa minnu bɛ kɛ sumanikɛcogo la .
Kɔsa in na, fɛɛrɛtigɛ yiriwaliw ye ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ dugukolo sanfɛla finiw sumanikɛcogo ɲuman n’u nafa la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw na. O ɲɛtaa dɔw ye:
1. Sumanikɛlan minnu tɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ .
kelen. Optique profilers ani 3D scanning technologies bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka surface textures sumani kɛ ni contact ye, ka dɔ bɔ tiɲɛni farati la moule surface kan.
B. Nin sigida ninnu bɛ 3D kunnafoniw di minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sanfɛla topidiya jira, o bɛ sira di VDI 3400 sɛbɛnniw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni u cogoya jirali ma ka ɲɛ.
2. Sumanikɛcogo otomatikiw .
kelen. Otomatiki yɔrɔw sumanikɛcogo, minnu bɛ ni robow ni sensɛriw ye minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ, olu bɛ se ka nɔgɔya ni tigitigiw sumani kɛ nɔgɔbɔlanw kan.
B. O furaw bɛ waati ni baara minnu ka kan ka kɛ bolo sumani na, olu dɔgɔya ani ka hadamadenw ka fili seko dɔgɔya.
AI ni masin kalanni algorisimuw donni surface fini sumanikɛcogo la, o bɛ seko nisɔndiyalenw di siniɲɛsigi ma. O fɛɛrɛ ninnu bɛ se ka:
l Aw bɛ VDI 3400 sɛbɛnni hakɛw dɔn ani k’u danfara ka da kunnafoniw sumanlenw kan .
l Aw ye anomalies walima fiɲɛw dɔn ani ka u jira a sanfɛla la .
l Ka hakilinaw di minnu bɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ, minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw dilanni ni u ladonni wajibiyalenw ma .
Ni nin sumanikɛcogo kɔrɔlen ninnu ni AI-driven analytics (AI-driven analytics) bɛ baara kɛ, u bɛ se ka surface finiw sumanikɛcogo ɲuman, a kɛcogo ɲuman ani a dannaya bonya kosɛbɛ VDI 3400 textures (VDI 3400 fɛnw) kama.
Kuncɛli
VDI 3400 Surface Finish Standard ye fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya fɛn dilanni na, ka fɛɛrɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen ni dannamɔgɔ dɔ di walasa ka surface textures basigilenw sɔrɔ, minnu ka ɲi kosɛbɛ. Nin gafe in kɔnɔna bɛɛ la, an ye VDI 3400 nafa n’a kɛcogo caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ, k’a ka fɛn caman kɛcogo jira seko ni dɔnko siratigɛ la i n’a fɔ mobili, aerospace, consumer électronique, ani furakɛli minɛnw.
An bɛ siniko lajɛ tuma min na, a jɛlen don ko VDI 3400 bɛna taa a fɛ ka jɔyɔrɔba ta surface texturing na, ka wuli ka taa fɛn dilanni fɛɛrɛw kɛrɛfɛ. Ni sɛbɛnni kɛcogo kura ni sumanikɛcogo kɔrɔlenw nana, seko minnu bɛ se ka kɛ walasa ka dugukolo sanfɛla finiw dilan minnu tɛ kelen ye ani minnu bɛ baara kɛ, dan tɛ olu la.
Ka fara o kan, AI-driven analytics ni automated solutions (ai-driven analytics) ni automatiques solutions (otomatikiw ɲɛnabɔli) bɛ se ka kɛ sababuba ye ka surface finish standardization process (Sɔrɔdali laban sariyataama) kɛcogo ɲɛ. Ni u ye o fɛɛrɛ ninnu fanga sɔrɔ, fɛn dilannikɛlaw bɛ se ka se ka fɛnw sɔrɔ minnu ma deli ka kɛ fɔlɔ, minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka ɲɛ, ani minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ni jogoɲini ye.
