Polystyrene (PS) filastik yana ko'ina. Daga kunshin zuwa lantarki, yana taka rawa sosai a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Amma menene yasa aka yi amfani da shi sosai?
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu bincika kaddarorin filastik , me yasa yake da mahimmanci a cikin masana'antu daban daban, da kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi. Za ku koya game da aikace-aikacen ta, gyare-gyare, da kalubale da suke gabatarwa.
Menene polystyrene (PS) filastik?
PS shine danshi na roba. An yi shi ne daga Styrene, mai ruwa hydrocarbon. Tsarin sunadarai don Styrene shine C8H8. Lokacin da yawancin kwayoyin suna haɗin yanar gizo da yawa, suna ƙirƙirar polystyrene.
Ga yadda yake aiki:
Ana fitar da monomers Styrene daga Petroleum.
Wadannan monomers sun sha polymerization.
Sakamakon? Dogayen sarƙoƙi na raka'a Styreene, ƙirƙirar polystyrene.
Tsarin sunadarai na PS yayi kama da wannan:
[-ch (c6h5) -ch2-] n
A ina:
PS Filin Jirgin Sama ya zo cikin siffofi daban-daban:
Kowane nau'i na musamman kaddarorin. An yi amfani da su a aikace-aikace daban-daban, daga kunshin don gini.
PS sanannu ne saboda ta:
Waɗannan halaye suna yin ps ne sanannen zaɓi a cikin masana'antu da yawa. Yana da nauyi, mai sauƙin gyara, kuma mai amfani don samar da.
A cikin sassan na gaba, za mu nutse cikin zurfi cikin kadarorin PS, aikace-aikace, da sarrafa sarrafawa. Za ku ga abin da ya sa wannan sauƙi na polymer yana taka rawa sosai a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.
Kadarorin polystyrene
Kayan jiki na PS filastik
Polystyrene (PS) filastik na da yawa filastik wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikace na masana'antu da yawa.
Yawa da bayyanar
PS yana da nauyi, tare da yawa na 1.05 g / cm³. Wannan tad ne kawai fiye da ruwa!
A cikin ingantaccen tsari, PS shine:
Wannan fuskar tana sa ya zama cikakke don aikace-aikace inda ake gani yana da mahimmanci.
Halaye na thermal
PS yana da wasu kaddarorin Thermal mai ban sha'awa:
Menene ma'anar wannan? PS fara zuwa laushi a 100 ° C. Yana da kyau narke a 240 ° C.
Yin amfani da yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da 0.033 w / (Mon). Wannan yana sanya PS PS PS Mallaka mai kyau.
Kaddarorin lantarki
PS na haskakawa a matsayin infin lantarki. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin kayan lantarki da kyawawan abubuwa.
Abubuwan da ke tsaye
PS tana alfahari da babbar magana. Indexwararrakinsa shine 1.59, sama da sauran robobi da yawa.
Wannan dukiyar tana yin PS PS mafi kyau don:
Tabarau na gani
Yankunan haske
Nuna lamuran
| dukiya | darajar |
| Yawa | 1.05 g / cm³ |
| Bayyanawa | M, m, mai sheki |
| Mallaka | 240 ° C (464 ° F) |
| Gilashin zazzage zafin jiki | 100 ° C (212 ° F) |
| A halin da ake yi na thereral | 0.033 w / (m · k) |
| Alamar lantarki | M |
| Abubuwan da ke tsaye | Babban magana |
| Ganyayyaki mai daɗi | 1.59 |
Kayan aikin injin na filastik
Ƙarfi da sassauci
Ps filastik yana nuna ƙarfi mai ban sha'awa:
Amma ba sassauƙa bane. Elongation a hutu shine kawai 1-2.5%.
Taurin kai da juriya
PS yana da wuya, tare da Harshen Rockwell na R75-105. Wannan yana sa ya rurrushe ga karce da dents.
Koyaya, ya lalace tare da ƙarancin tasiri. Sauke abu na PS, kuma yana iya fashewa ko warshe.
Tauri
PS sananne ne ga babban madaurin. Abu ne mai tsauri, yana riƙe da siffar a ƙarƙashin yawancin yanayi.
Ga saurin kwatanta abubuwan PS na kaddarorin na PS:
| dukiya | darajar |
| Da tenerile | 30-55 MPa |
| Karfin karfi | 48-76 MPa |
| Elongation a hutu | 1-2.5% |
| Hardness (Rockylell) | R75-105 |
| Tasiri ƙarfi | M |
| Tauri | M |
Waɗannan kaddarorin suna yin PS PS ya dace don wasu aikace-aikacen:
Sinadarai juriya na PS filastik
PS filaster na juriya na sinadarai shine jakar gauraye. Yana tsaye har zuwa wasu abubuwa amma ya lalatar da wasu.
Juriya ga sunadarai na yau da kullun
PS Nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga:
Wannan ya sanya ya dace da mutane da yawa da aikace-aikace masana'antu.
Kasawa
Koyaya, PS yana da diddige na Achilles. Yana da narkewa a cikin:
PS kuma ba ya da kyau a kan:
Mai da hankali acid
Gaattu
Kestones
Wadannan na iya haifar da PS don lalata ko narke.
UV juriya
PS yana da rashin juriya UV UV. Lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa hasken rana, ya yi:
Wannan yana iyakance amfanin sa a aikace-aikacen waje.
Ga tebur mai sauri:
| kungiyar sunadarai | juriya na |
| Tsarma acid | M |
| Gindi | M |
| Giya | M |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons | Matalauci |
| Chlorinated hydrocarbons | Matalauci |
| Mai da hankali acid | Matalauci |
| Gaattu | Matalauci |
| Kestones | Matalauci |
| Haske UV | Matalauci |
Aikace-aikace na PS filastik
PS filastik ya kasance mai wuce yarda sosai. Ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, daga kayan aiki zuwa na'urorin likita. Bari mu bincika aikace-aikacen ta da yawa.
Marufi
PS ya mamaye duniya rufi. Za ku same shi a:
Yanayinta na lessweight lama da kuma rufin kaddarorin sa ya dace da kayan aikin abinci.
Kayan lantarki
A cikin masana'antar lantarki, PS ta taka muhimmiyar rawa:
Alamar PS na wutar lantarki ta sanya shi a kan kayan aiki don aikace-aikacen lantarki.
Masana'antu
Masu masana'antun mota suna son PS don girmansa:
Ps yana taimakawa rage nauyin abin hawa, inganta ingancin mai.
Shiri
Xps polystyrene kumfa
PS ta sami hanyarsa cikin gine-gine kuma:
Abubuwan da ke faɗakarwarta suna taimakawa haɓaka ƙarfin makamashi a cikin gine-gine.
Likita da dakin gwaje-gwaje
PS yana da mahimmanci a cikin lafiyayyen likita da filayen kimiyya:
Tsari da haske da juriya sunadarai suna kammala don kayan aikin dar.
Sauran aikace-aikacen
PS ta haifar da sauran yankuna da yawa:
Kayan wasa da samfuran masu amfani
Yanke cutarwa da tabawuka
Model yin da kuma prototyy
Anan ga saurin saurin aikace-aikacen PS:
| Aikace | -aikacen Masana'antu |
| Marufi | Kwantena abinci, kumfa mai kariya, maido da mayafi |
| Kayan lantarki | Na'urar Gidaje, rufi, CD / DVD |
| Mayarwa | Ganyayyaki na ciki, bangarorin kayan aiki, abubuwan tsari |
| Shiri | Alamar rufawa, kayan kwalliya na ado, kankareweight |
| Likita / Lab | Petri jita-jita, kayan aikin bincike, marufi na na'urar |
| Wani dabam | Kayan wasa, yadudduka cakuda, prototying |
Gyare-gyare na PS filastik
Za a iya canza filastik a hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka kayan aikinta don aikace-aikace daban-daban. Wadannan gyare-gyare sun haɗa da copolymers, ƙari, da kumfa.
Copolymers da cakuda
Polystyrene ne sau da yawa cakuda ko aka cakuda shi tare da wasu kayan don inganta tasirin tasirin, sassauƙa, da kwanciyar hankali.
Babban tasirin polystyrene (kwatangwalo)
Kwatangwalo shine PS tare da karkatarwa. Yana da wahala kuma mafi sassauci fiye da PS na yau da kullun.
Kayan haɗin kai
An yi kwatangwalo ta hanyar ƙara roba na polybutadiene don ps. Wannan yana haifar da tsarin kashi biyu:
Ingantattun abubuwa
Idan aka kwatanta da PS na yau da kullun, kwatangwalo yana bayarwa:
Babban tasiri mai girma
Mafi sauki sassauƙa
Inganta wahala
Aikace-aikace
HIPP ta sami hanyarta zuwa samfura da yawa:
Hips vs gaba daya
| manufa | PS | PS |
| Tasiri ƙarfi | M | M |
| Sassauƙa | M | Matalauci |
| Opacity | Miƙaƙƙana | M |
| Kuɗi | Sama | Saukad da |
Acrylonitrile butylonitrile
Filin ashirin da aka yi matukar wuya wanda ya haɗa PS. An san shi ne da ƙarfinsa da ƙarfin hali.
Matsayin PS a cikin Abs
PS ta ba da gudummawa ga abs's:
Gridity
Sauƙin sarrafawa
Mai sheko
Ingantattun halaye
Abs outforms ps a cikin hanyoyi da yawa:
Amfani gama gari na Abs
Za ku sami abs a:
Kayan aiki
Gidajen lantarki
Tsarin bututu
Lego tubalin
Wasu PS Copymers da Cikakke
PS taka kyau tare da wasu. Ga wasu abubuwan da aka gyara:
PS-Co-Methyl Methacrylate (PSLMA)
PSMMA hada PS tare da methyl methacrylate. Yana bayarwa:
Ana amfani da shi a cikin alamar kasuwanci da tabarau na gani.
Styrene-butoka roba (sbr)
SBB shine roba roba. An yi shi ta hanyar copobymerized Styrene tare da butdadene. SBR ke bayarwa:
Kyakkyawan juriya
Kyakkyawan tsufa
Babban ƙarfi
Za ku ga sbr a cikin tayoyin mota da takalman takalmin.
Ƙari da kuma masu zane
Ps Filin za a iya inganta tare da ƙari don saduwa da takamaiman bukatun aiki.
Abubuwan kwalliya da alamu : Waɗannan ana amfani da waɗannan don samar da kewayon zaɓuɓɓukan launi, suna ba da izinin samfuran PS don saduwa da bukatun kidan.
Wuta Rowardts : Wadannan abubuwan da suka dace su inganta juriya da wuta na PS, yana yin aminci don aikace-aikacen lantarki da gini.
Ganawar tasiri : Ana ƙara waɗannan kayan don haɓaka haɓaka na PS, rage haɓakar sa da kuma faɗaɗa ƙarfinsa a cikin manyan wurare.
Agentatic taron : An kara wadannan don rage ingancin gine-gine, musamman mahimmanci ga kayan aikin lantarki inda sakin katako na iya haifar da lalacewa.
Foams da kayan aiki
PS za a iya fantsed ko hade tare da wasu kayan don ƙirƙirar nauyi, insulating samfurori.
Fadada polystyrene (EPS) : Amfani da shi don rufin da kunshin mai kariya, EPS shine kumfa mai nauyi wanda ke ba da kyawawan abubuwan rufewa.
Polystyrene polystyrene (XPs) : XPs yana da mafi yawan yawa fiye da EPS, yana dacewa da dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke haifar da, kamar a cikin rufin danshi.
PS Foam Composites tare da zaruruwa ko flers : Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin haɗe tare da kayan gyaran gilashi ko kayan dillalai, ko kuma kayan ƙirar masarauta, suna sa su dace da aikace-aikacen da suka dace.
Sarrafa PS filastik
Polystyrene (PS) Za'a iya sarrafa filastik ta amfani da hanyoyi da yawa, gwargwadon aikace-aikacen. Kowane tsari yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman kuma yana buƙatar takamaiman la'akari da ƙira.
Allurar gyara
Yin allurar rigakafi yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa don sarrafa PS filastik. Ya ƙunshi allurar moltten cikin moltten, ba da izinin hadaddun abubuwa da cikakkun sassa da za a ƙirƙira sosai.
Bayanin aiwatar da fa'idodi : PS ta narke kuma allurar cikin molds inda ya sanyaya da wahala. Tsarin yana da sauri, mai inganci, kuma zai iya samar da babban-girma, m sassa tare da ingantaccen daidaitaccen daidaito.
Desigraarin ƙira don yin allurar rigakafi PS : Saboda ƙarfinsa, PS yana buƙatar kulawa sosai zuwa kunyar bangon da ƙira don gujewa fataka. Bugu da ƙari, farashin sanyaya da kuma sarrafa zazzabi yana da mahimmanci don rage warping.
Shirya matsala ga batutuwa na musamman na gama gari : matsaloli na kowa sun hada da shaminkage, warping, da kuma fashewa. Za'a iya gyara waɗannan sau da yawa ta hanyar daidaita ƙirar mold, yana sarrafa tsarin sanyaya, da gyaran kayan narkewar kayan ya gudana.
Hawa
Fitowa wani sanannen tsari ne don samar da filastik na PS filastik, musamman don samar da dogon, ci gaba kamar zanen gado, bututu, da bayanan martaba.
Bayani kan tsari da aikace-aikacen : A cikin Wurin, PS ya narke kuma ya tilastawa ta hanyar mutu don ƙirƙirar kyawawan siffofi. Ana yawanci amfani dashi don yin zanen gado, sanduna da bututu.
Fitar da maki na PS filastik : maki daban-daban na PS suna samuwa don tasirin, kowane ingarwa don aikace-aikace daban-daban, kamar ta ficewa ko takardar fina-finai.
Ceextrusion tare da wasu polymer : PS kuma za a iya zama masu motsa jiki tare da sauran robobi don inganta halaye, irin su inganta sassauci ko rudani. Ceextrusion yana ba da damar samfuran da aka haɗa da yawa waɗanda suke haɗuwa da fa'idodin abubuwa daban-daban.
Da thermofing
Thermofing ya ƙunshi dumama zanen gado na zabin PS da kuma gyara su akan molds. Wannan hanyar tana da kyau don ƙirƙirar manyan sassan, nauyin nauyi kamar marufi da trays.
Vacuum forming da matsa lamba samar da dabaru : A cikin wuri forming, an zana takardar mai dauke da m ps ta hanyar da wani matattara. A cikin matsin lamba na matsin lamba, ana amfani da ƙarin matsin lamba don samun cikakkun bayanai da kuma sasantawa sharper.
Sheet Castrusion da kuma mirgine hannun jari : yawanci ana samar da zanen PS ta hanyar cirewa kafin a yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin thermoforming. Mirgine hannun wani tsari ne wanda aka saba amfani dashi don samar da taro.
Shermormorming Designes Ka'idoji : Lokacin da ƙirar PS sassa don thermoflorness da kuma ƙurji da ya dace suna da mahimmanci don sakin sakin kuma don guje wa thinning a sasanninta.
Sauran hanyoyin sarrafawa
Bayan manyan hanyoyin, ana iya aiwatar da filastik filastik ta amfani da ƙarin dabaru don biyan takamaiman bukatun.
Bude molding : PS ya narke kuma ya birgima cikin morment don ƙirƙirar m sassan, irin su kwalabe da kwantena.
Resulation molding : Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi dumama PS a cikin juyawa, samfuran samfuri kamar manyan tankuna ko kwantena.
Morting Molding : A cikin matsawa da matsawa, ana sanya shi cikin m mold inda ake amfani da matsin lamba don tsara kayan. Wannan dabarar ba ta zama ruwan dare gama gari ba amma amfani da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfafa, m sassa.
Sake sarrafawa da tasirin muhalli na PS filastik
PS Filin yana amfani da kyau sosai, amma tasirin muhalli shine damuwa. Bari mu nutse cikin kalubale da kuma matsalolin muhalli da ke kewaye da PS.
Sake dawo da PS filastik
PS shine sake dubawa, amma ba daidai bane kamar yadda sauran robobi. Ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani:
PS za a iya sake amfani da sau da yawa ba tare da mummunan rashi ba
Alamar sake amfani da ita ce # 6
Yawancin wuraren da aka sake na sake karantawa ba su yarda da PS ba saboda kalubalen sarrafa
Kalubale a cikin tsarin sake sarrafawa
Sake dawowa PS ba sauki. Abubuwan da yawa suna cikawa sun zama ruwan dare fiye da sauran robobi:
Cikewa: Rage abinci yawanci yakan gurbata kwantena abinci
Yawan: PS shine haske, yana da tsada don jigilar kaya
Buƙatar kasuwa: LIlCarewa kasuwa don samfuran PS
Aiki: Kayan aiki na musamman da ake buƙata don PS sake sarrafawa
Wadannan kalubalen suna yin PS ta sake dawo da ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi don abubuwa da yawa.
Yanayin muhalli
PS PoSes batutuwan muhalli da yawa:
Wanda ba a ciki ba
PS ba ya rushewa ta halitta. Zai iya dagewa a cikin yanayin don daruruwan shekaru.
Zur annabi
Abubuwan PS Sabbin samfuran PS sauƙin ya zama zuriyar dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a tituna da kuma wuraren halitta.
Marine gurbatawa
PS babban mai ba da gudummawa ne ga gurbata ruwa. Ya karya cikin kananan guda, yana cutar da rayuwar marine.
Sauran hanyoyin da aka dorewa
Don magance waɗannan damuwar, wasu hanyoyi da yawa da mafita suna fitowa:
Madadin sabbin abubuwa
Ingantaccen fasahar sake sarrafawa
TATTAUNAWA
Ingantaccen Amfani don sake sake sarrafa PS
Kayan gini
Dumbin roba
Art da kayan sana'a
Ga kwatancen PS tare da wasu madadin:
| kayan | da za'a iya | sakeabantawa da | shi |
| Zasa | A'a | Ee (kalubale) | M |
| Karfe | I | I | Matsakaici |
| Pls | I | I | M |
| Takarda | I | I | M |
Tasirin muhalli na PS shine mahimmanci. Amma tare da sabbin fasahohin fasahohi da masu adalci, muna motsi zuwa mafita mai dorewa.
Kwatantawa da sauran robobi
Polystyrene (PS) ana iya kwatanta shi da wasu shahararrun rustu, kowane sadarwar daban-daban. Ga yadda PS PACSS sama da PP , PET , da PVC.
PS vs. PP (Polypropylene
Yawan : PS yana da yawa yawa ( 1.05 g / cm³ ) Idan aka kwatanta da PP, wanda yake mai haske ( 0.91 g / cm³ ). Wannan yana sa PP ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen Haske.
Siyarwa : PP ta fi sassauci kuma ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da PS, ya inganta don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar karko da tasiri juriya, irin su cocaging da sassan motoci.
Sake dawowa : Yayinda farawar farfadowa, PP tana da sauki kuma mafi tsada don sake amfani da ita fiye da yadda yake da tsarinta da liyafar ta.
| PS | PP | ) |
| Yawa | 1.05 g / cm³ | 0.91 g / cm³ |
| Sassauƙa | Gaggaituwa da ƙarfi, ƙasa da sassauƙa | Sosai m |
| Sake dawowa | More wuya | Sauki kuma mafi gama gari |
vs.
Gaskiya ne : Dukansu PS da dabbobi suna da m, amma dabbobi suna ba da mafi kyawun tsabta, amma don samar da kayan zaɓin kwalabe da kayan aikin abinci inda ake da mahimmanci.
Turi : dabbobi yana da ƙarfi da kuma ƙarin tasiri fiye da PS. Hakanan yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga canje-canje na zazzabi, yana sa ya dace da yanayin masu zafi da sanyi.
Aikace-aikace : PS ta fi so samfuran kamar kayayyakin CD da rufi, yayin da aka yi amfani da dabbobi don kwantena na sha, marufi, da kuma zargin da aka yi.
| Bit | PS | |
| Ra'ayi | M, share | Mafi girma tsabta |
| Ƙarfi | Gaggautsa, m | Karfi, mafi dorewa |
| Amfani gama gari | CD lamuran, rufi | Kwanan giya, fibers |
PS vs. Pvc (polyvinyl chloride)
Sassauƙa : PVC ya fi sassauƙa fiye da PS, wanda shine Briyawa. Wannan ya sa PVC ya dace da bututun bututun, rufi da wutar lantarki, da copple coppinging.
Chememeran sinadarai : PVC tana ba da ingantacciyar juriya, musamman ga acid da alkalis, sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da aka sa ran ana sa ran.
Tasirin muhalli : PVC tana da mafi mahimmancin tasiri na muhalli saboda sakin guba a lokacin samar da muhalli yayin samarwa da kuma zubar da su, yayin da kalubalen ci gaba ne.
| dukiya | PS | PVC |
| Sassauƙa | Gaggautsa | M |
| Juriya na sinadarai | Matsakaici | M |
| Tasirin muhalli | Wahalar sake sarrafawa | Samar da guba da zubar |
Ƙarshe
PS filastik ne m da yadu amfani. An san shi da tsabta, tsayayye, da kuma ƙonewaran rufewa. PS nemo aikace-aikace a cikin marufi, lantarki, da gini.
Gyare-gyare kamar kwatangwalo da kuma inganta aikinsa. Hanyoyin sarrafawa daban-daban, gami da allurar rigakafi da thermofing, ps ps zuwa samfuran daban-daban.
Zabi da hannun dama na sa da sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci. Yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki a takamaiman aikace-aikace. Yi la'akari da dalilai kamar ƙarfi, juriya na sinadarai, da tasirin muhalli lokacin zaɓi Zaɓi PS.
Tukwici: Kai mai son sha'awar dukkanin robobi
