Kuva uruganda rw’imodoka rwatangira mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, iterambere mu nganda ryabaye imbarutso yo gukura no gutsinda.Kuva Henri Ford yatangizwa n'umurongo w'iteraniro mu 1913 kugeza igihe izamuka ry’imodoka mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’imodoka zagiye zihinduka kugira ngo zuzuze ibyifuzo by’isi ihinduka.
Uyu munsi, Imashini ya CNC yagaragaye nkigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byogukora ibinyabiziga bigezweho, bituma habaho umusaruro wibice byujuje ubuziranenge, byuzuye, kandi bigoye hamwe nuburyo butagereranywa kandi busubirwamo.
Iyi ngingo izasesengura uruhare rukomeye imashini ya CNC igira mu nganda z’imodoka n’uburyo yahinduye uburyo ibinyabiziga bikorwa.
Imashini ya CNC ni iki?
Imashini ya CNC, ngufi kubikorwa bya mudasobwa ya numero yo kugenzura, ni inzira yo gukora ikoresha igenzura rya mudasobwa hamwe nibikoresho byo gukata kugirango ikure ibikoresho kumurimo, ikora ibice byabugenewe byabigenewe bifite ukuri kandi bisubirwamo.Iri koranabuhanga ryahinduye inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu gukora ibicuruzwa bigoye, byujuje ubuziranenge mu buryo buhendutse kandi bunoze.
Uburyo Imashini za CNC zikora
Imashini za CNC zikora mugukurikiza amabwiriza yabanjirije gahunda, azwi nka G-code, ayobora ibikoresho byo gutema kugirango akure ibikoresho kumurimo muburyo bwuzuye kandi bugenzurwa.Inzira ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
1. Igishushanyo: Ba injeniyeri bakora moderi ya 3D yigice bifuza bakoresheje software ya CAD (Computer-Aided Design).
2. Igisekuru cya G-Kode: Moderi ya CAD noneho ihinduka muri G-code ukoresheje software ya CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing).
3. Gushiraho: Igicapo gifashwe neza kuri mashini ya CNC, kandi ibikoresho byo gukata byashyizweho.
4. Gushyira mu bikorwa: Imashini ya CNC isoma G-code kandi ikora gahunda yateguwe, ikuraho ibikoresho kumurimo nkuko byasobanuwe.
5. Kurangiza: Igikorwa cyo gutunganya kimaze kurangira, igice cyarangiye kivanwa mumashini, kigenzurwa, kandi ibikenewe byose nyuma yo gutunganywa (nko gukora isuku cyangwa kuvura hejuru) birakorwa.
Ubwoko bwimashini za CNC zikoreshwa munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zishingiye ku mashini zitandukanye za CNC kugirango zitange ibice byinshi bisabwa mu gukora ibinyabiziga.Bumwe mu bwoko bukunze kuboneka harimo:
1. Imashini yo gusya ya CNC : Izi mashini zikoresha ibikoresho byo gukata kuzenguruka kugirango zikure ibikoresho kumurimo wakazi, zirema ibintu nkibyobo, ibibanza, nu mifuka.Nibyiza kubyara ibice bya moteri, ibice byohereza, nibice byo guhagarika.
2. Imashini ihinduranya CNC : Bizwi kandi nk'imisarani ya CNC, izo mashini zizunguruka igihangano mu gihe igikoresho cyo gukata gikuraho ibikoresho, kigakora ibice bya silindrike nka shitingi, ibihuru, hamwe n’ibiti.
3. Imashini zisya CNC : Izi mashini zikoresha ibiziga byangiza kugirango zikureho ibintu bike mubikorwa, bigera ku kwihanganira gukabije no kurangiza neza.Zikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byohereza, kamera, nibindi bikoresho bihanitse.
4. Imashini yo gukata ya CNC ya Laser : Izi mashini zikoresha lazeri zifite ingufu nyinshi mugukata, gutobora, cyangwa gushushanya ibikoresho, bigatuma biba byiza mugukora ibyuma bigoye cyane, nkibikoresho byumubiri hamwe nibice by'imbere.
Mugukoresha ubushobozi bwizi mashini zitandukanye za CNC, abakora amamodoka barashobora kubyara ibintu byinshi hamwe nibisobanuro bitagereranywa, bikora neza, kandi bigasubirwamo, amaherezo biganisha ku binyabiziga byujuje ubuziranenge no kurushaho gutunganya umusaruro.
Ibyiza bya CNC Imashini zinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Gukora CNC byahindutse igikoresho cyingirakamaro mu nganda z’imodoka, gitanga ibyiza byinshi byahinduye imikorere yinganda.Kuva mubyukuri kandi byukuri kugeza kuri automatike no gukoresha neza ibiciro, imashini ya CNC yerekanye ko ihindura umukino kubakora ibinyabiziga.
Ubusobanuro n'ukuri
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byo gutunganya CNC nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibice bifite ubusobanuro budasanzwe kandi bwuzuye.Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, aho no gutandukana na gato bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’umutekano n’umutekano.
1. Kwihanganirana gukabije : Imashini za CNC zirashobora kugera kubyihanganirana nka ± 0.0001, byemeza ko ibice bihuza neza kandi bigakora nkuko byateganijwe.
2. Guhuzagurika mu gice cy'umusaruro : Gukora CNC byemeza ibisubizo bihoraho mubikorwa byinshi, bigabanya ibyago byamakosa yo gukora no kwemeza ko buri gice cyujuje ubuziranenge bumwe.
Kwikora no gukora neza
Imashini ya CNC ni inzira yikora cyane, isobanura kongera umusaruro no gutanga umusaruro murwego rwo gukora amamodoka.
1. Kugabanya ibiciro byakazi : Mugukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya, ababikora barashobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga yumurimo ajyanye nibikorwa byo gutunganya intoki.
2. Ibihe byihuta byihuta : Imashini za CNC zirashobora gukora kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi hamwe nigihe gito cyo hasi, bigatuma ababikora bakora ibice byihuse kuruta uburyo bwo gutunganya gakondo.
3. 24/7 Imikorere : Imashini za CNC zirashobora gukora ubudahwema, amasaha 24 kumunsi, iminsi 7 mucyumweru, kongera umusaruro mwinshi no kugabanya ibihe byo kuyobora.
Guhinduka no guhuza n'imihindagurikire
Imashini ya CNC itanga uburyo butagereranywa bwo guhinduka no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bituma abakora ibinyabiziga bitabira vuba amasoko ahinduka kandi bagatanga ibintu byinshi.
1. Ubushobozi bwo kubyara Geometrike igoye : Imashini za CNC zirashobora gukoresha byoroshye igice cya geometrike igoye, harimo umurongo utoroshye, inguni, hamwe na kontours, bigatuma biba byiza kubyara ibinyabiziga bigezweho.
2. Guhindura Ibikoresho Byihuse : Imashini za CNC zituma ibikoresho byihuta byihuta, bigafasha ababikora guhinduranya hagati yibice bitandukanye n'ibikoresho hamwe nigihe gito cyo hasi.
3. Guhuza nibikoresho bitandukanye : Gukora CNC birahujwe nibikoresho byinshi, birimo ibyuma, plastiki, hamwe nibigize, biha abakora ibinyabiziga guhinduka kugirango bahitemo ibikoresho byiza kuri buri porogaramu.
Ikiguzi-Cyiza
Nubwo ishoramari ryambere mumashini ya CNC, tekinoroji itanga ikiguzi kinini cyo kuzigama mugihe kirekire, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubakora ibinyabiziga.
1. Kugabanya Imyanda Yagabanijwe : Gutunganya CNC ninzira ikora neza igabanya imyanda, igabanya ibiciro muri rusange nibidukikije.
2. Ubuzima Burebure Burebure : Imashini za CNC zikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukata hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwibikoresho, bishobora kwagura ubuzima bwibikoresho no kugabanya ibiciro by ibikoresho mugihe.
3. Ibiciro byo Kubyaza umusaruro Ibice Byinshi-Byinshi : Gutunganya CNC birahenze cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, kuko ibiciro byambere byo gutangiza bikwirakwizwa kumubare munini wibice.
Mugukoresha neza, gukora neza, guhinduka, no gukoresha neza imashini za CNC, abakora amamodoka barashobora kubyara ibice byujuje ubuziranenge, koroshya ibikorwa byabo, kandi bagakomeza guhatana mubikorwa bigenda bitera imbere.
Porogaramu ya CNC Imashini munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Imashini ya CNC igira uruhare runini mugukora ibintu byinshi byimodoka, kuva ibice bya moteri kugeza sisitemu yo guhagarika.Ibisobanuro byayo, imikorere, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bituma iba igikoresho cyingirakamaro kubakora ibicuruzwa bashaka gukora ibice byujuje ubuziranenge, byizewe.Muri iki gice, tuzasesengura bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya CNC itunganya inganda.
Ibigize moteri
Moteri numutima wikinyabiziga icyo aricyo cyose, kandi gutunganya CNC nibyingenzi mugukora ibintu byinshi byingenzi.Dore ingero nke:
1. Umutwe wa Cylinder : Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora geometrike igoye hamwe nibisobanuro nyabyo biranga imitwe ya silinderi, nk'intebe za valve, ibyobo byacometse, hamwe n'ibice bikonje.Ukuri no guhuzagurika byagezweho binyuze mumashini ya CNC byemeza imikorere ya moteri nziza kandi neza.
2. Inzitizi za moteri : Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora geometrike yimbere yimbere ya moteri ya moteri, harimo bore ya silinderi, imipira nyamukuru, hamwe na peteroli.Ubusobanuro buhanitse kandi busubirwamo bwimashini ya CNC yemeza ko guhagarika moteri byujuje kwihanganira ibisabwa kugirango bikore neza kandi birambe.
3. Pistons no Guhuza Inkoni : Ibi bice byingenzi bigenda muri moteri byakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC kugirango harebwe neza kandi biramba.Piston ikunze gukorerwa muri aluminiyumu, mugihe inkoni zihuza zikozwe mubyuma.Gutunganya neza ibi bice nibyingenzi kugirango bikwiranye neza, kuringaniza, no gukora.
Ibice byohereza
Imashini ya CNC igira uruhare runini mukubyara ibikoresho byohereza, nibyingenzi mu kwimura ingufu ziva kuri moteri mukiziga.Ubusobanuro nukuri kugerwaho hifashishijwe imashini ya CNC byemeza ko ibyo bice bikora nta nkomyi, bitanga ibinyabiziga bikora neza kandi neza.Hano haribintu byingenzi byogukwirakwiza byakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC:
1. Ibikoresho : Ibikoresho byohereza ni ibintu bigoye bisaba imyirondoro yinyo yuzuye na geometrike kugirango ihererekanyabubasha ryoroshye kandi neza.Imashini ya CNC nibyiza mugukora iyi shusho itoroshye, kuko ishobora kugera kubyihanganirana bikabije nibisubizo bihamye.Ubusobanuro bwibikoresho bikoreshwa na CNC nibyingenzi mukugabanya urusaku, kunyeganyega, no kwambara mugihe cyoherejwe.
2. Shafts : Imiyoboro yohereza, nk'ibisohoka n'ibisohoka, ni ibintu by'ingenzi byohereza umuriro hagati y'ibikoresho n'ibindi bice byohereza.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora iyi shitingi hamwe nubunini busabwa, hejuru yubuso burangira, nibiranga nka spine ninzira nyabagendwa.Ubusobanuro bwa shitingi ya CNC ituma habaho guhuza neza no kuringaniza muburyo bwo kohereza, kugabanya kunyeganyega no kongera igihe cyibigize.
3. Imyubakire : Amazu yohererezanya ibintu ni ibintu bigoye bikubiyemo kandi bigashyigikira ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibiti, hamwe n’ibikoresho byoherejwe.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora geometrike yimbere kandi igaragara neza hejuru yinzu.Gukora neza kwa CNC byemeza ko ibice byose byogukwirakwiza bihuye neza mumazu, bigatuma imikorere myiza kandi iramba.
Ukoresheje imashini ya CNC kugirango ikore ibice byohereza, abakora ibinyabiziga barashobora kugera ku nyungu nyinshi:
l Kunoza imikorere no gukora
Kugabanya urusaku no kunyeganyega
lIbikoresho byongerewe igihe cyo kubaho
l Igikorwa gihoraho kandi cyizewe
Ubusobanuro bwuzuye nibisobanuro bya CNC byakozwe na mashini bigira uruhare mubwiza rusange no mumikorere yikinyabiziga, bitanga uburambe bwiza bwo gutwara kubakoresha.
Ibice byo guhagarikwa
Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho byo guhagarika, bigira uruhare runini mukurinda ibinyabiziga guhagarara, gufata neza, no kugenda neza.Ubusobanuro burambye kandi burambye bwibice byahagaritswe na CNC bigira uruhare mumutekano rusange no mumikorere yikinyabiziga.Hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi byahagaritswe byakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC:
1. Intwaro yo kugenzura : Intwaro yo kugenzura ningingo zikomeye zo guhagarika zihuza ikinyabiziga cyangwa subframe yikinyabiziga, bikemerera kugenda no guhuza.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora amaboko yo kugenzura n'imbaraga zikenewe, gukomera, hamwe na geometrie neza.Gukora neza kwa CNC kwemeza ko amaboko yo kugenzura akwiranye neza kandi agatanga guhuza neza no kugenzura.
2. Gukomanga : Gukoresha amapine, bizwi kandi nka spindles, ni ibice bihuza ihuriro ryibiziga n'amaboko yo kugenzura kandi bikemerera kuzunguruka no kuyobora.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora geometrike igoye hamwe nokugereranya neza kwingingo.Ubusobanuro bwibikoresho bya CNC bikozwe neza bituma ibiziga bihuza neza kandi bikora neza.
3. Hubs : Ihuriro ryibiziga nigice cyingenzi gihuza uruziga na rot ya feri na moteri yikinyabiziga hamwe na moteri.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora neza neza no kuzamuka hejuru yububiko, kwemeza neza neza hamwe nibindi bikoresho.Ubusobanuro burambye kandi burambye bwibikoresho bya CNC byakozwe ningirakamaro mugukomeza guhuza ibiziga no kugabanya kunyeganyega.
Inyungu zo gukoresha imashini ya CNC mugukora ibice byahagaritswe harimo:
l Kunoza imikorere no gushikama
Kugabanya kunyeganyega n urusaku
lIbikoresho byongerewe igihe cyo kubaho
l Imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe
Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango uhagarike neza, imashini ya CNC igira uruhare mumutekano rusange, ihumure, nimikorere yikinyabiziga.Ibi na byo, bitanga uburambe bwiza bwo gutwara abaguzi kandi bifasha abakora ibinyabiziga gukomeza guhatanira isoko.
Ibikoresho bya feri
Imashini ya CNC igira uruhare runini mugukora ibice bya sisitemu ya feri, nibyingenzi mukurinda umutekano wibinyabiziga no gukora.Ubusobanuro bwuzuye nubwizerwe bwibice bya feri byakozwe na CNC bigira uruhare mubikorwa rusange byo gufata feri no kubyitwaramo neza.Hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi bigize sisitemu ya feri yakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC:
1. Calipers ya feri : Calipers ya feri nibintu bigize feri ya feri kandi bigashyiraho ingufu kuri rotor ya feri, bigatuma imodoka itinda cyangwa ihagarara.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora geometrike igoye hamwe na bore igaragara neza ya kaliperi, kugirango ihuze neza kandi ikore neza.Ubusobanuro bwa Calipers yakozwe na CNC ningirakamaro mugukomeza gukora feri ihoraho no kugabanya feri.
2. Roteri ya feri : rotor ya feri, izwi kandi nka disiki ya feri, nibice bizunguruka padi ya feri ifata hejuru kugirango bitere amakimbirane kandi bitinde imodoka.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora neza neza no gukonjesha ibizunguruka bya rotor, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa neza hamwe na feri ihoraho.Ubusobanuro bwa rotor yakozwe na CNC nibyingenzi mukugabanya ihindagurika rya feri no kwemeza no kwambara feri.
3. Master Cylinders : silinderi nkuru ni umutima wa sisitemu ya feri, ishinzwe guhindura imbaraga zikoreshwa kuri pederi ya feri mukumuvuduko wa hydraulic ukora feri ya feri.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora neza neza ya bore na piston hejuru ya silinderi nkuru, igakora neza kandi yizewe.Ubusobanuro bwa silinderi ya CNC yakozwe na CNC ningirakamaro mugukomeza gufata feri ihoraho no gukora feri.
Inyungu zo gukoresha imashini ya CNC mugukora ibice bya sisitemu ya feri harimo:
l Kunoza imikorere ya feri no gukora neza
Kugabanya feri kugabanuka no kunyeganyega
lIbikoresho byongerewe igihe cyo kubaho
Igikorwa cya feri gihoraho kandi cyizewe
Mugukora neza kandi neza kwizerwa rya sisitemu ya feri, gutunganya CNC bigira uruhare mumutekano rusange no mumikorere yikinyabiziga.Ibi na byo, bitanga amahoro yo mumutima kubaguzi kandi bifasha abakora ibinyabiziga kugumana izina ryabo mugukora ibinyabiziga byiza, bifite umutekano.
Ubuyobozi bwa sisitemu
Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho bya sisitemu yo kuyobora, nibyingenzi kugirango harebwe neza ibinyabiziga neza.Ubusobanuro burambye kandi burambye bwibikoresho bya CNC byakozwe na moteri bigira uruhare mumutekano rusange no mumikorere yikinyabiziga.Hano haribintu byingenzi byingenzi bigize sisitemu yakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC:
1. Imiyoboro ya Rack na Pinion : Ikibaho na pinion ni umutima wa sisitemu yo kuyobora, ishinzwe guhindura icyerekezo cyizunguruka cyikizunguruka mu murongo ugororotse uhindura ibiziga.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora amenyo yibikoresho byuzuye hamwe nubuso bwamazu ya rack na pinion, kugirango bikore neza kandi neza.Ubusobanuro bwa CNC yakozwe na rack hamwe ninteko ya pinion ningirakamaro mugukomeza kugenzura neza no kugabanya gukina.
2. Inkingi yo kuyobora : Inkingi yubuyobozi nicyo kintu gihuza ibizunguruka na rack, ikohereza umushoferi winjiza ibiziga.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora neza neza hejuru yubuso hamwe nokuzamuka kwingingo ziyobora, kwemeza kuzunguruka neza no kugabanya kunyeganyega.Ubusobanuro bwibikoresho bya CNC byakozwe na CNC nibyingenzi kugirango ukomeze ibyiyumvo byukuri kandi ugabanye icyerekezo cyimikorere.
3. Ikariso yo guhambira : Inkoni zo guhambira ni ibice bihuza ibice byimikorere, bikwirakwiza imbaraga ziziga.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora neza neza nudupira hamwe nu mupira uhuza imipira ya karuvati, ukemeza neza guhuza ibiziga no gukora neza.Ubusobanuro bwa CNC yakozwe na karuvati ya karuvati ningirakamaro mugukomeza kuyobora neza geometrie no kugabanya kwambara amapine.
Inyungu zo gukoresha imashini ya CNC mugukora ibice bigize sisitemu zirimo:
l Kunoza kuyobora neza no gusubiza neza
Kugabanya gukina kuyobora no kunyeganyega
lIbikoresho byongerewe igihe cyo kubaho
l Imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe
Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango sisitemu yubuyobozi ikorwe, imashini ya CNC igira uruhare mumutekano rusange, gutunganya, no gukora ikinyabiziga.Ibi na byo, bitanga uburambe bushimishije kandi bwizewe bwo gutwara abaguzi kandi bifasha abakora ibinyabiziga gukomeza guhatanira isoko.
Ibice by'imbere n'imbere
Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byimbere ninyuma, bigira uruhare muburyo bwiza, ubwiza, nimikorere yikinyabiziga.Ubusobanuro bwuzuye kandi butandukanye bwo gutunganya CNC butuma habaho gukora imiterere igoye hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye byongera ubwiza rusange nigaragara ryikinyabiziga.Hano hari ibice byingenzi byimbere ninyuma byakozwe hakoreshejwe imashini ya CNC:
1. Ibikoresho bya Dashboard : Gukoresha CNC bikoreshwa mugukora ibice bitandukanye, nkibikoresho byabigenewe, kanseri yo hagati, hamwe nu mwuka.Ubusobanuro bwa CNC butomoye butuma habaho gukora imiterere igoye, kwihanganira gukomeye, hamwe nubuso bworoshye buhuza neza nigishushanyo mbonera cyimodoka.Ibikoresho bya CNC byakozwe na disikuru ntabwo byongera ubwiza bwo kureba gusa ahubwo binemeza guhuza neza nibikorwa byimikorere itandukanye.
2. Inzugi z'umuryango hamwe na paneli : Gukora CNC bikoreshwa mugukora urugi rwumuryango, imbaho zumuryango, nibindi bikoresho byimbere.Gukora neza no guhuza imashini za CNC byemeza ko ibyo bice bihuye neza kandi bigakora neza, bigatanga ibyiyumvo byujuje ubuziranenge imbere yikinyabiziga.Inzugi za CNC zikoreshejwe imashini hamwe na paneli birashobora gukorwa hifashishijwe ibishushanyo mbonera, hejuru yimiterere, hamwe n’ahantu ho gutangirira, bikazamura ubwiza n’imikorere yimiryango yikinyabiziga.
3. Grilles na Emblems : Gukora CNC bikoreshwa mugukora ibice byimbere byimbere nka grilles nibirango, nibintu byingenzi bigize fassiya yimbere.Ubusobanuro bwuzuye kandi butandukanye bwo gutunganya CNC butuma habaho ibishushanyo mbonera kandi byihariye byerekana ikiranga imodoka.CNC ikozwe na grilles hamwe nibimenyetso birashobora kubyara kwihanganira gukomeye, bigatuma bihuza neza kandi bigahuza nibikorwa bikikije umubiri.Ibi bice ntabwo byongera ubwiza bwikinyabiziga gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mubikorwa byindege no gukonjesha.
Inyungu zo gukoresha imashini ya CNC mugukora ibice byimbere ninyuma harimo:
l Kongera imbaraga zo kureba no kuranga ikiranga
l Kunoza imikorere n'imikorere
l Kugaragara bihoraho kandi bifite ireme
Ubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere igoye nibisobanuro birambuye
Mugukora neza, ubuziranenge, nubwiza bwimbere yimbere ninyuma yimbere, imashini ya CNC igira uruhare mukunyurwa kwabakiriya no kumva ikinyabiziga.Ibi na byo, bifasha abakora ibinyabiziga gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byabo no gukomeza guhatanira isoko.
CNC Ibikoresho byo Gukora Inganda Zimodoka
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zishingiye ku bikoresho byinshi kugira ngo bitange ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, burambye, kandi bushingiye ku bikorwa.Imashini ya CNC irahuza nibyinshi muribi bikoresho, bituma abayikora bakora ibice bifite imitungo yihariye ijyanye nibisabwa.
Ibyuma
Ibyuma nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane munganda zimodoka kubera imbaraga, kuramba, no guhuza byinshi.Imashini ya CNC ikwiranye nogutunganya ibyuma bitandukanye bivanze, bigafasha gukora geometrike igoye no kwihanganira neza.Hano hari bimwe mubisanzwe ibyuma bivangwa cyane bikoreshwa mugukoresha CNC mugukoresha amamodoka:
1. Amavuta ya Aluminiyumu : Amavuta ya aluminiyumu yoroheje, arwanya ruswa, kandi atanga imashini nziza.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubice bya moteri, ibice byo guhagarika, hamwe na panne yumubiri.Amashanyarazi ya aluminiyumu azwi cyane mu gutunganya imodoka za CNC zirimo:
a. 6061: Azwiho uburinganire buhebuje bwimbaraga, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe na mashini.
b. 7075: Itanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikanarwanya kwambara, bigatuma ikwiranye nibintu byubaka kandi bitwara imitwaro.
2. Amavuta yo kwisiga : Amavuta avanze azwiho imbaraga, gukomera, no kuramba.Zikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byimodoka, harimo ibice bya moteri, ibice byo guhagarika, hamwe na feri.Ibyuma bisanzwe bivangwa no gutunganya CNC harimo:
a. 4140: Chromium-molybdenum ivanze ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi irwanya umunaniro, akenshi ikoreshwa mubikoresho na shitingi.
b. 1045: Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse gifite imashini nziza kandi cyambara, gikwiranye nimirongo.
3. Amavuta ya Titanium : Amavuta ya Titanium atanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zingana nuburemere, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Zikoreshwa mubikorwa byogukora cyane, nka moteri ya moteri, guhuza inkoni, hamwe na turbocharger.Ikoreshwa rya titanium ikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya CNC ni:
a. Ti-6Al-4V: Azwiho imbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, hamwe no kurwanya umunaniro mwiza.
4. Amavuta ya Magnesium : Amavuta ya Magnesium ni ibyuma byoroheje byubatswe, bitanga imbaraga nziza-z-uburemere hamwe na mashini nziza.Zikoreshwa mubisabwa aho kugabanya ibiro ari ngombwa, nka moteri ya moteri, imiyoboro yoherejwe, hamwe na frame yimodoka.Amavuta ya magnesium asanzwe yo gutunganya CNC arimo:
a. AZ91D: Itanga ubushobozi bwiza, imbaraga, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa.
b. AM60B: Azwiho guhindagurika kwiza, kurwanya ingaruka, no gukora imashini.
Ibikoresho | Ubucucike (g / cm⊃3;) | Imbaraga za Tensile (MPa) | Imashini |
Aluminium (6061-T6) | 2.70 | 310 | Cyiza |
Icyuma (4140) | 7.85 | 655 | Nibyiza |
Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) | 4.43 | 950 | Neza |
Magnesium (AZ91D) | 1.81 | 230 | Cyiza |
Amashanyarazi
Usibye ibyuma, plastiki zirakoreshwa cyane munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga kubikorwa bitandukanye, uhereye kumbere yimbere yimbere kugeza ibice bikora.Imashini ya CNC ikwiranye nogutunganya plastiki yubuhanga, itanga ubushobozi bwo gukora geometrike igoye, kwihanganira gukomeye, hamwe nubuso bwuzuye neza.Hano hari bimwe mubya plastiki bikunze gukoreshwa mugukoresha CNC mugukoresha amamodoka:
1. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) : ABS ni thermoplastique izwi cyane kubera kurwanya ingaruka, gukomera, no guhagarara neza.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubice byimbere byimbere, nkibibaho, imbaho za konsole, hamwe nu mwuka.ABS itanga imashini nziza, itanga uburyo bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubuso bworoshye.
2. Nylon : Nylon ni plastiki yubuhanga itandukanye ifite ibikoresho byiza bya mashini, harimo imbaraga nyinshi, kwihanganira kwambara, hamwe no guterana amagambo.Ikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byimodoka, nkibikoresho, ibyuma, hamwe na feri.Ibikoresho bya Nylon byo kwisiga bituma biba byiza kwimuka, bikagabanya amavuta yinyongera.
3. Acetal : Acetal, izwi kandi nka polyoxymethylene (POM), ni plastiki ikora cyane kandi ihagaze neza cyane, itajegajega, kandi irwanya kwambara.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubice byimodoka neza, nkibice bya sisitemu ya lisansi, uburyo bwo gufunga umuryango, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwidirishya.Acetal nkeya yubushuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza butuma bikwiranye no kwihanganira ibintu.
4. PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) : PEEK nigikorwa cyo hejuru cyane cya termoplastique hamwe nubukanishi budasanzwe nubushyuhe.Itanga imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera, hamwe no guhagarara neza, ndetse no mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.PEEK ikoreshwa mugusaba porogaramu zikoresha amamodoka, nkibigize moteri, ibice byohereza, hamwe na sisitemu ya feri.Kurwanya kwiza kwinshi no kurwanya imiti bituma bikwiranye nibidukikije bikaze.
Ibikoresho | Ubucucike (g / cm⊃3;) | Imbaraga za Tensile (MPa) | Icyiza.Gukomeza Gukoresha Ubushyuhe (° C) |
ABS | 1.04 | 44 | 85 |
Nylon 6 | 1.14 | 79 | 100 |
Acetal | 1.41 | 68 | 100 |
PEEK | 1.32 | 100 | 250 |
Iyo bahisemo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byo gutunganya CNC mu nganda z’imodoka, abajenjeri batekereza ku bintu nkibikoresho bya mashini, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti, nigiciro.Gukoresha plastike mubikorwa byimodoka bitanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo kugabanya ibiro, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Mugukoresha ubushobozi bwimashini za CNC hamwe nimiterere yibi bikoresho bya plastiki yubuhanga, abakora amamodoka barashobora kubyara ibintu byoroheje, biramba, kandi byakozwe neza na moteri byongera imikorere yimodoka, gukora neza, no guhumurizwa.
Ibigize
Ibikoresho byinshi bigenda bikoreshwa cyane munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza imitungo, nkibipimo byinshi-by-uburemere, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye.Imashini ya CNC igira uruhare runini mugutunganya ibice bigize ibice, bigafasha gukora imiterere igoye nibiranga neza.Hano hari bibiri mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukoresha CNC mugukoresha amamodoka:
1. Carbone Fibre Yongerewe ingufu za Plastike (CFRP) : CFRP nigikoresho cyo hejuru cyane kigizwe nibikoresho bigizwe na fibre karubone yashyizwe muri matrike ya polymer.Itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe-ku bipimo, gukomera, no kurwanya umunaniro.CFRP ikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byimodoka, harimo:
a. Ibice byubaka: Chassis, amaboko yo guhagarika, hamwe nudusanduku.
b. Ikibaho cy'umubiri cyo hanze: Hood, igisenge, hamwe nipfundikizo.
c. Imbere yimbere: Ikibaho, ikadiri yintebe, hamwe ninziga.
Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukata, gucukura, no gusya ibice bya CFRP, byemeza ibipimo nyabyo hamwe nubuso bworoshye.Ariko, gutunganya CFRP bisaba ibikoresho nubuhanga bwihariye kugirango ugabanye gusiba no gukuramo fibre.
2. Ibirahuri by'ibirahure byongerewe imbaraga (GFRP) : GFRP ni ibintu bigize ibintu bigizwe na fibre y'ibirahure yashyizwe muri materix ya polymer.Itanga imbaraga nziza-ku bipimo, kubika amashanyarazi, no kurwanya ruswa.GFRP ikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byimodoka, nka:
a. Ikibaho cyumubiri: Uruzitiro, uruhu rwumuryango, hamwe nipfundikizo yipine.
b. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: Inzira ya Batiri, agasanduku ka fuse, n'inzu zihuza.
c. Ibice byubaka: Amababi yamababi, ibiti bimurika, hamwe nabanyamuryango.
Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukata, gucukura, no gushushanya ibice bya GFRP, bituma habaho gukora geometrike igoye no kwihanganirana.Gukora GFRP bisaba guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo gukata nibipimo kugirango ugabanye fibre kandi urebe neza ko urangije neza.
Ibikoresho | Ubucucike (g / cm⊃3;) | Imbaraga za Tensile (MPa) | Modulus (GPa) |
CFRP | 1.55 | 2000-2500 | 130-150 |
GFRP | 1.85 | 500-1000 | 20-40 |
Gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga bitanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo kugabanya ibiro, kongera ingufu za peteroli, no kongera imikorere.Nyamara, gutunganya ibice byerekana ibibazo byihariye ugereranije nibyuma na plastiki.Guhitamo ibikoresho neza, gukata ibipimo, hamwe ningamba zo gutunganya nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge nubusugire bwibikoresho byakozwe.
Mugukoresha ubushobozi bwimashini za CNC hamwe nibiranga ibyo bikoresho byose, abakora ibinyabiziga barashobora kubyara ibintu byoroheje, imbaraga-nyinshi, hamwe na moteri ikora neza ituma imipaka yimikorere yimodoka ikora neza.
Ejo hazaza h'imashini za CNC mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Mugihe inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zikomeje gutera imbere, imashini ya CNC yiteguye kugira uruhare runini mugushiraho ejo hazaza h’imodoka.Hamwe niterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamuka kwiterambere rishya, nk'inganda 4.0, inganda ziyongera, hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ubwigenge, imashini ya CNC irahinduka kugira ngo ihuze ibikenerwa n’inganda.
Inganda 4.0 hamwe nubukorikori bwubwenge
Inganda 4.0, izwi kandi nka Revolution ya kane yinganda, irahindura uburyo ibinyabiziga bikora.Iki gihe gishya cyo gukora cyibanda ku guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, nka interineti y’ibintu (IoT), ubwenge bw’ubukorikori (AI), hamwe n’isesengura ry’amakuru makuru, kugira ngo habeho inganda zifite ubwenge.Mu rwego rwo gutunganya CNC, ibi bivuze:
1. Kwinjiza Imashini za CNC hamwe nibikoresho bya IoT : Mugukoresha ibikoresho bya CNC hamwe na sensor ya IoT no guhuza, abayikora barashobora gukusanya amakuru nyayo kubikorwa byimashini, kwambara ibikoresho, hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa.Aya makuru arashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere uburyo bwo gutunganya, kugabanya igihe, no kunoza ibikoresho muri rusange (OEE).
2. Isesengura-nyaryo ryigihe cyo gusesengura ibintu : Hifashishijwe AI hamwe na algorithms yo kwiga imashini, amakuru yakusanyijwe mumashini ya CNT ashoboye IoT arashobora gusesengurwa kugirango hamenyekane ibishobora kunanirwa kwimashini no kubitunganya neza.Ubu buryo bwo gufata neza uburyo bwo kugabanya kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, no kunoza ubwizerwe bwibikorwa.
Gukora inyongera no gucapa 3D
Gukora inyongeramusaruro, bizwi kandi nk'icapiro rya 3D, biragenda bikoreshwa mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu gukora prototyping, ibikoresho, ndetse no gukora igice cya nyuma.Mugihe imashini ya CNC ikomeje kuba uburyo bwambere bwo kubyara amajwi menshi, ibice byuzuye, gukora inyongeramusaruro bitanga uburyo bushya bwa geometrike igoye kandi yoroheje.
1. Guhuza imashini ya CNC hamwe ninganda ziyongera : Muguhuza imbaraga zikoranabuhanga ryombi, abakora amamodoka barashobora gukora ibice bivangavanze bikoresha neza neza no kurangiza neza imashini ya CNC hamwe nubwisanzure bwubushakashatsi no kugabanya ibiro byinganda ziyongera.Kurugero, igice cyacapwe na 3D gishobora kuba CNC ikozwe kugirango igere ku kwihanganira gukomeye hamwe nubuso bworoshye ahantu hakeye.
2. Kwihuta kwa Prototyping hamwe nigikoresho : Gukora inyongeramusaruro ituma umusaruro wihuse kandi uhenze cyane wibice bya prototype hamwe nibikoresho, nkibishushanyo mbonera.Ubu bushobozi bwihuse bwa prototyping butuma abashinzwe ibinyabiziga basubiramo ibishushanyo byihuse, kwemeza ibitekerezo, no kuzana ibicuruzwa bishya kumasoko byihuse.Imashini ya CNC irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya no kunoza igishushanyo cya nyuma cyo gukora byinshi.
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kandi byigenga
Kuzamuka kw'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi kandi byigenga biratera ibyifuzo bishya kubice byoroheje n'ibice byakozwe neza.Imashini za CNC zirimo kumenyera guhangana nizi mbogamizi no gushyigikira iterambere ryimodoka izakurikiraho.
1. Imashini ya CNC Ibikoresho byoroheje : Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisaba ibice byoroheje kugirango bigabanye urugero rwa bateri kandi neza.Imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora ibice byoroheje biva mubikoresho bigezweho, nka aluminiyumu, amavuta ya magnesium, hamwe na compte.Mugutezimbere ibishushanyo no gukoresha neza neza imashini ya CNC, abayikora barashobora gukora ibice bitanga uburinganire bwiza bwimbaraga, gukomera, nuburemere.
2. Imashini isobanutse kuri Sensors na Electronics : Imodoka yigenga yishingikiriza kumurongo munini wa sensor, kamera, nibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango tumenye kandi bigendere ibidukikije.Imashini ya CNC igira uruhare runini mukubyara amazu yuzuye neza, imitwe, hamwe na connexion ituma sisitemu ikora neza.Mugihe icyifuzo cya tekinoroji yigenga yiyongera, gukenera ibice bya CNC byakozwe neza biziyongera gusa.
Ejo hazaza h'imashini za CNC mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ni nziza, iterwa n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, kuzamuka kwa paradizo nshya yo gukora, hamwe n'ibikenerwa bigenda bikenerwa n'ibinyabiziga bizaza.Mugukurikiza izi mpinduka no guhuza nibibazo bishya, gutunganya CNC bizakomeza kuba igikoresho cyingenzi kubakora ibinyabiziga mumyaka iri imbere.
Ikipe Mfg: Umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu guhanga udushya
Serivisi yihariye ya CNC
Muri Team Mfg, dutanga ibisubizo byabugenewe bya CNC kugirango bikemure ibikenewe bidasanzwe byabakora amamodoka.Ibikoresho byacu bigezweho hamwe nitsinda ryinzobere zitanga ibice byabigenewe hamwe nibisobanuro bidasanzwe.Kuva prototyping yihuse kugeza umusaruro mwinshi, turatanga:
l 3, 4, na 5-axis CNC ubushobozi bwo gutunganya
l Bihujwe nicyuma, plastiki, ibihimbano nibindi byinshi
byihuta Ibihe
l Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora (DFM) inkunga
Kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye no kugenzura
Gutangirana na Team Mfg
Ikipe yacu yiteguye kuzana iyerekwa ryimodoka mubuzima binyuze muburyo bushya bwo gutunganya imashini.Dore uko watangira:
1. Twandikire : Shikira ukoresheje terefone, imeri cyangwa urupapuro rwurubuga kugirango tuganire kumushinga wawe.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera : Ba injeniyeri bacu basesengura moderi yawe ya CAD kandi batanga ibitekerezo bya DFM.
3. Prototyping : Dutanga vuba prototypes yo kugenzura no kugerageza.
4. Umusaruro : Nukwemererwa kwawe, twimukiye mubikorwa bidahenze, byujuje ubuziranenge.
5. Gutanga : Ibice byimodoka byuzuye byoherezwa mubikoresho byawe.
Fata intambwe yambere yo gufatanya ninzobere mu gutunganya imashini muri Team Mfg uyumunsi!
