Shin kun taɓa al'ajabin dalilin da yasa sassan karfe wani lokacin ma ya makale, har ma ba tare da tsarin walda ba? Wannan sabon abu, wanda aka sani da na ƙarfe galling, yana haifar da babban kalubale a kan masana'antu daban-daban, daga masana'antu don gini. Yana da wani nau'i na suturar da ke faruwa lokacin da ƙarfe ketare ta wuce kima mai yawa da matsin lamba, yana haifar da jujjuyawar abu da munanan fata.
Fahimtar da baƙin ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi, da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun, kuma kowa yana aiki tare da gazawar ƙarfe, saboda jinkirin kayan aiki da jinkirta. Bari mu nutse cikin duniyar galling kuma bincika abubuwan da ke haifar da haifar da dabarun, sakamakon, dabarun rigakafi.
Mene ne galling karfe?
Ganging na ƙarfe shine tsari mai lalacewa inda saman ƙarfe ke sanyawa a matakin microscopic. Yana faruwa lokacin da mitarar ƙarfe biyu ke zame a kan juna a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Ka yi tunanin shi a matsayin sabon abu mai haɗari na welding - metals a zahiri tare!
Asali ra'ayi da ma'anar galling na karfe
M sages yana haifar da galling karfe lokacin da:
Filayen ƙarfe suna yin hulɗa kai tsaye
Babban matsin lamba ya kasance tsakanin saman
Motsi na baya ya faru
Wanda bai sanya lubrication yake ba
Tsarin yawanci yana farawa ne a wuraren microscopic mai yawa (asperities) inda karuwa. Waɗannan alamun suna haifar da zafi da gogayya, suna haifar da canja wurin abu tsakanin abubuwa. Sakamakon? Sakamako mai sanyi mai zurfi wanda zai iya lalata kayan aikin ƙarfe.
Fasali na musamman vs sauran nau'ikan
Matsa bambance-bambance daga tsarin da aka samu gama gari:
Saurin ci gaba : Ba kamar sa a hankali ba, galling ya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani
Canja wurin abu : ya shafi motsi na karfe daga saman daya zuwa wani
Lalacewa mai lalacewa : Yana haifar da rarrabewa
Ci gaba : shimfidawa da sauri sau da zarar ya fara
Alamomin gani don kallo
Manyan Gargadi :
Ya tashi lumps ko 'galls ' a kan filayen ƙarfe
M, tsage, ko kuma wuraren da aka zira kwallaye
Kayan gini akan kayan aiki ko sassan motsi
Tsari na farfajiya:
Rage bakin zaren
Alamar zira kwallaye
Lumpy kayan adibas
Yankunan Matsaloli :
Mai ɗaukar hoto
Hydraulic silinda
Pistons injin
Biyan Karfe
Yankan kayan aiki
Tukwici: Saurari sautunan da ba a sani ba yayin ayyukan da aka kwashe - ƙwarewar Mabnings sau da yawa suna gano galling ta hanyar ban sha'awa.
Tsarin ƙarfe
Ta yaya ake gutshiyar karfe?
Adireshin Murfurance na microscopic yana fara aiwatarwa. Ko da alama mai santsi na filayen ƙarfe suna ɗauke da ƙananan kololuwa da kwaruruka. Wadannan rashin daidaituwa na microscopic sun zama maki na farko na lamba tsakanin karagu.
Mataki-mataki-mataki :
Farkon lamba
Zafi ƙarni
Canja wurin abu
Cold Belding ci gaban
Wuraren gama gari inda galling karfe ya faru
Haɗin haɗin haɗi yana fuskantar ƙalubalen galling a cikin saitunan masana'antu. A lokacin da zaren ƙarfe masu ɗaure baki ɗaya, motsi na zamewa hade tare da matsi yana haifar da cikakkiyar yanayi don galling. Bakin karfe na bakin karfe sun tabbatar musamman, sau da yawa suna da kama har abada bayan ganding ya faru.
Tsarin ɗorawa yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a cikin hanawa. Bayyanawa da bushewa suna ƙwarewar ƙarfe na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin nauyin. Ba tare da ingantaccen lubrication da zaɓi ba, waɗannan abubuwan da zasu iya canzawa saboda galling.
| Ɗauke da nau'in | galling | mahimmancin abubuwan da suka faru |
| A bayyane biyar | Sosai babba | Lubrication, abu |
| Bushiyoyi | M | Farfajiya, nauyin |
| Ball beings | Matsakaici | Saurin, zazzabi |
| Roller beings | Matsakaici | Jeri, gurbatawa |
Tsarin hydraulic ya gabatar da kalubalen galling na musamman. Rods na Silinda yana motsawa ta cikin ɗimbin wuta da kuma jagororin suna Fuskokin ƙarfe na yau da kullun. Tsarin ya dace da ake buƙata a cikin waɗannan tsarin yana sa su musamman m. Ko da ƙananan galling na iya sasantawa duk tsarin aikin.
Ayyukan Mactining akai-akai akai-akai haduwa da abubuwan da suka faru. A lokacin yankan, forming, ko ayyukan huda, saman kayan aiki suna fuskantar matsin lamba da kuma zamantakewa tare da aikin aiki. Wannan muhalli yana haifar da cikakkun yanayi don galling, galibi yana haifar da mummunan yanayin ƙare da kayan aikin lalacewa.
Abubuwan injiniya suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin mummunan yanayi wanda ke inganta galling. Babban yanayin zafi yana haɗuwa tare da ci gaba da motsi a cikin yankuna kamar piston zobba da bawul mai tushe. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna buƙatar zaɓin kayan aiki da kuma la'akari da ƙira don hana gazawar galling.
Tsakanin dabarun sun cancanci hankali a kowane wuri:
Yi amfani da kariyar kariyar lokaci yayin da zai yiwu
Aiwatar da abubuwanda suka dace
Kula da madaidaiciyar yanayin ƙare
Gudanar da yanayin aiki na aiki
Aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bincike na yau da kullun
Alamar gargaɗin farko suna taimakawa hana mummunan lalacewa:
Ƙara yawan aiki
Ba a saba da sautin ba yayin aiki
Alamar bayyane
Canje-canje a aikin da aka yi
Zazzabi yana ƙaruwa a wuraren da abin ya shafa
Karatattun abubuwa masu saukin ganewa don galling
Abubuwan da suka yi yawa
Bakin karfe yana shugabantar mu na galling-prone. Madalla da juriya na lalata lalata a cikin farashi - Layer kariya Layer ya sa ya zama mai rauni sosai don galling. Lokacin da wannan Layer ya rushe ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, wanda aka fallasa mai saurin ƙarfe mai saurin ɗaukar hoto da kansa tare da kanta ko wasu kayan.
Halayen sararin samaniya na bakin karfe yana haifar da kalubale na musamman:
Aluminum da allurarsa sun zama tare da yawancin kayan galling-masu saukin kamuwa. Mafi yawan zafin jiki da taushi yana haifar da cikakkun yanayi don canja wurin abu da kuma walwala mai sanyi. Yi tunanin aluminum kamar ƙwanƙwasa kullu - yana sauƙaƙe nasasshen da clings ga wasu saman.
Yanayin Galling na Aluminum na kowa ya haɗa da:
Titanium gabatar da irin wannan galling note. Duk da ƙarfin da take da shi, kayan saman titanium suna sa shi ke iya yiwuwa ga masara. Yanayin mai ba da aiki ya zama matsala musamman lokacin da kariya daga kariya ta oxide Layer yake rushe.
| Najin karfe | na gamsuwar | mahangar |
| Titanium | Sosai babba | Matsayi mai adawa |
| 316 SS | M | Rage-fashe mai rauni |
| Goron ruwa | M | Abu mai laushi |
| Ausenitic SS | M | M |
Ausenitic Karfe mahadi akai-akai kan fuskantar abubuwan galling batutuwa. Hadewarsu na:
Babban lokaci
Aiki hardening kaddarorin
Halaye na farfajiya
Yankunan fadada
Kayan masarufi
Brass ya fito a matsayin zakara mai tsayayya da galling-resistant. Kayayyakinsa na musamman sun hada da:
Alfitul nakans makamancin gyaran hali da halaye masu tsayayya da tagulla. Injiniya galibi za su zabi tagulla don:
Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna amfana da tagulla:
Abubuwan da ke da kansu
Tsayayye aiki
Sa juriya
Juriya juriya
Bikin tauraro yana samar da kyakkyawan galling resistance ta:
Ya karu ta fuskar
Ingantaccen sanannen halaye
Ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali
Rage ƙimar adheon
Abubuwan kayan abu waɗanda ke tsayayya da galling sun haɗa da:
Babban ƙarfi
Low butactility
Lasrica na halitta
Tsayayyen oxide
Tsarin Tsarin Tsaro
Tsarin ƙira don zaɓi na kayan:
Aikace-aikace aikace-aikace JADISHINS SUNA CHAICOITES: AMFANI
| aikace | DA Aikace-aikacen Aikace | - |
| Biyari | Jan ƙarfe | Lubricating |
| Yankan kayan aiki | Karfe mai wuya | Sa juriya |
| Marine sassa | Sojan sama Brass | Lahani mai tsayayya |
| Nauyi kaya | Baƙin ƙarfe | Kwanciyar hankali mai kwanciyar hankali |
Hana galling karfe
Da'okin Kayan Aiki
Ka'idodin ƙarfe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana galling. Zabi kayan aikin ƙarfe na dama na iya rage haɗarin gyaran gatsuwa. Ka yi tunanin shi kamar zabar abokan rawa - wasu nau'i-nau'i suna tafiya daidai tare, yayin da wasu kuma suna mataki koyaushe a kan yatsun juna.
Kyakkyawan ƙarfe haduwa suna bin waɗannan jagororin:
Yi amfani da kariyar kariyar lokaci yayin da zai yiwu
Zaɓi kayan da wuya don abubuwan haɗin kai
Yi la'akari da garkar juriya
Matals sun yi daidai da yanayin aiki
Harshen Matsakaicin yana tasiri
| haɗari | Juriya | tasirin |
| Sosai wuya (> 50 hRC) | M | Lambobin damuwa |
| Matsakaici (30-50 hrc) | Matsakaici | Janar Aikace-aikace |
| Taushi (<30 hrc) | M | Iyakantaccen lamba kawai |
Jagororin daɗaɗɗun Jarida yana taimakawa hana kasawa mai tsada:
Solutearfin jingina
Nau'in shafi na yau da kullun :
Chrom Plating
Nickel-tushen suttur
Sutturar sutturar
Jagoran PTFE
Anti-kama mahadi
Tsarin ƙarewa na farfajiya na Inganta galling juriya:
Harbi peening
M
Goge
Rubutu
Fasahar Borocoat® tana wakiltar nasara a cikin hanawa:
Profarin jiyya yana ba da mafita na musamman:
| na Jiyya | Matsakaicin nau'in Kariya | Mafi Kyawun Aikace-aikacen |
| Ba da izini | M | Karfe kayan haɗin |
| Case Hardening | Sosai babba | Sassan motsi |
| Pvd shafi | M | Yankan kayan aiki |
| Ion implantation | M | Abubuwan da suka tsara |
Mafi kyawun ayyuka
Batun lubrication :
Aiwatar da lubricant kafin taro
Kula da isasshen adadin fim ɗin
Zabi nau'in mai da ya dace
Kula da yanayin lubricant
Tsarin shigarwa ya cancanci kulawa sosai:
Tsaftace dukkan saman
Aiwatar da ƙimar Torque daidai
Yi amfani da jerin ma'auni
Tabbatar da jeri
Kula da zazzabi
Bukatun tabbatarwa suna taimakawa hana galling:
Binciken yau da kullun
Tsarin tsabtatawa
Binciken lubrication
Saka saka idanu
Sarrafa zazzabi
Mahimmancin Tsabtace Tsabtace :
Matsakaicin matakan hanzari: Bayanan
| aikin | mitsi | mai mahimmanci |
| Tsarin fuska | Na kullum | Duba don suttura |
| Binciken Binciken | Na mako | Tabbatar da ɗaukar hoto |
| Tsabtatawa | Kamar yadda ake buƙata | Cire mashahuri |
| Binciken Jarry | Na wata | Tabbatar dacewa daidai |
Shagar aiwatarwa :
Mafita don matsalolin gallon matsaloli
Ayyukan gaggawa
Amsa na gaggawa yana buƙatar tunani mai sauri lokacin da gallo ya faru. Kamar kit ɗin taimakon farko na kayan aikin farko, kuna da shirin amsar gaggawa na iya ma'ana bambanci tsakanin ƙananan ɓarna da kuma cikakken gazawar tsarin. Nazarin masana'antu kwanan nan ya nuna cewa amsar gaggawa ta gaggawa na iya rage lalacewa har zuwa kashi 70%.
Gwajin farko yana bin wata hanya mai tsari:
Dakatar da ayyukan nan da nan
Dokokin Tabbatarwa
Duba abubuwan da ke kewaye
Kimanta maki tsarin damuwa
Kafa na ɗan lokaci yana haifar da zama dole don kiyaye ayyukan. Isticsididdiga ta masana'antu suna nuna cewa kashi 60% na abubuwan da suka faru na iya buƙatar mafita na ɗan lokaci kafin a aiwatar da mafita na dindindin.
| Tsarin gaggawa | na | gaggawa |
| Anti-kama fili | Minti 15-30 | 70% nasara rabo |
| Farfajiya mai santsi | 1-2 hours | 60% nasarar nasara |
| Tsabtacewar zaren | 30-45 minti | 80% nasara rabo |
Hukumar sauya Canji Taimakawa Matasan Matattu na gaba:
Jagoran Tsara Duba :
Wuraren ya shafa
Aiwatar da mai gaggawa
Rage nauyin aiki
Kula da hankali
Dokar duk ayyuka
Mafi kyawun mafita
Tsarin zane-zanen Adireshi Adireshi yana haifar da abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin galling. Karatun injiniya yana nuna cewa canje-canjen tsara ƙira zai iya rage abubuwan da suka faru har zuwa 85% a aikace-aikace masu matsala.
Ingancin canje-canje ƙira sun haɗa da:
Gyare-gyare mai hankali
Adara gibin aiki
Gyara haƙuri
Inganta Bayani Mai Kyau
Kaya rarraba
Yada sojojin lamba
Rage matsin lamba
Ma'aunin ma'auni
Abubuwan da ke haɓaka kayan suna ba da mafita mafi kyau. Abubuwan kayan zamani zasu iya bayar da kusan 300% mafi kyawun galling juriya idan aka kwatanta da zaɓuɓɓukan gargajiya.
Ka'idojin Zabi don Ingantaccen Kayan Aiki:
| Samun Samun | Ingantaccen | Tsarin Tsara |
| Surface | Matsakaici | 200% cigaba |
| Canjin abu | M | 300% inganta |
| Conating Bugu da kari | M | 150% ci gaba |
Cigaba da cigaba da aka sauya ingantaccen aiki. Bayanan masana'antu suna nuna cewa ingantattun hanyoyin da zasu iya rage abubuwan da suka faru na 75%.
Canje-canje na Key :
Kulawa na rigakafi ya tabbatar da dogaro na dogon lokaci. Karatun yana nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kare da suka dace su rage gazawar Galling-da ke tattare da har zuwa 90%.
Abubuwan Shirye-shiryen Kulawa :
Tsarin aiwatarwa :
Bincika tsarin gazawar
Gano maki masu mahimmanci
Tsarin aikin
Sa ido kan sakamakon
Daidaitawa kamar yadda ake buƙata
Nasarar nasara na awo kan kokarin inganta kokarin:
Ka tuna: hada ayyuka da gaggawa tare da ingantattun hanyoyin samar da dogon lokaci suna haifar da cikakkiyar hanyar zuwa gudanar da galling. Statisticsididdisididdiga suna nuna cewa kungiyoyi suna aiwatar da dabarun duka suna samun raguwar 95% a cikin lokacin doron-galling.
Mafi kyawun ayyukan takaita :
| lokacin da | sakamako | ake tsammanin |
| Na ba tare da wani jinkiri ba | Gaggawa na gaggawa | 70% nasara rabo |
| Ɗan gajeren lokaci | Sabuntawa | 85% ci gaba |
| Mai matsakaici | Tsarin canje-canje | 75% raguwa |
| Na dogon lokaci | Tsarin sake fasalin | 95% kawar |
Shagar aiwatarwa :
Fara tare da mahimmancin tsarin
Dokar duk canje-canje
Bibiya awo
Daidaita dabaru dangane da sakamako
Ma'aikatan tsaron gida
• Sabunta hanyoyin a kai a kai
Matsalar masana'antu ta zamani cewa aiwatar da cikakkun hanyoyin sadarwa na iya haifar da:
85% rage a cikin gaggawa
70% rage farashin kiyayewa
300% karuwa a cikin kayan aikin sa
Kashi 95% ci gaba a amincin tsarin
Ƙarshe
Kudin hana hanzarta yana da kyau idan aka kwatanta da masu siyarwa da kuma downtime lalacewa ta hanyar gazawar galling. Mafi mahimmancin zamani da fasahar zamani sun sauƙaƙa ya fi sauƙi fiye da koyaushe don kare wannan matsalar masana'antu ta gama gari. Ko kuna zayyana sababbin tsarin ko riƙe kayan aikin da ke ciki, yana kiyaye rigakafin tunani zai taimaka tabbatar da santsi, ingantattun ayyuka.
A kan kungiya MFG, mun fahimci kalubalen ƙarfe na ƙarfe na gabatar da ayyukanku. Kwararrun kungiyarmu kwararru wajen hana su hana matsalolin galling da kuma magance wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu daban daban.
Dogara kungiyar MFG - abokin tarayya a cikin baƙin ƙarfe gallon da bayani.
Takamatsu
Galling
Tambayoyi akai-akai game da galling karfe
Menene alamun farko na ƙarfe galling?
Matsakaicin m, ƙara tashin hankali, baƙon abu da ba a gani, da kuma kayan haɗin abu na gani tsakanin saman.
Wanda ke karuwa ne mafi kyau don galling?
Bakin karfe, aluminum, titanium, da ƙarfe karfe saboda tufafinsu da kuma oxide yadudduka.
Zai iya juyawa da zarar ya fara?
A'a. Galling yana haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. Dole ne a maye gurbin abubuwan da aka shafa da kuma matakan kariya.
Shin zafin jiki zai shafi galling?
Ee. Babban yanayin zafi muhimmanci hade hadarin gulaka da rage karancin lubricant.
Yaya ingancin kayan lubrication a cikin hana gutsayi?
Za a iya rage hats hadarin har zuwa 90% lokacin da aka zaɓa daidai kuma ya kiyaye.
Mecece hanya mafi kyau don hana galling a cikin masu ɗaukar hoto?
Yi amfani da mahaɗan anti -ry, zaɓi daban-daban kayan haɗi, da kuma amfani da ƙimar Torque daidai.
Sau nawa ya kamata a bincika abubuwan da aka bincika don galling?
Fashe-tashen hankula kowace rana, sassan motsi sati-sati, tsintsin gidajen gidaje kowane wata, janar na kwata kwata kwata.
