Wigeze wibaza impamvu ibice by'icyuma rimwe na rimwe bifatanye nkaho basuditse, ndetse nta gikorwa cyo gutangara? Iki kintu, kizwi ku izina ry'icyuma, kikaba ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda zitandukanye, uhereye mu nganda zo kubaka. Nuburyo bwo kwambara bubaho iyo ibyuma bihurira no guhura gukabije nigitutu, biganisha ku kwimura ibintu hamwe no gufatwa.
Gusobanukirwa icyuma gitunganya icyuma ni ngombwa kuba injeniyeri, kandi umuntu wese ukorana nibice byicyuma, kuko bishobora gutera ibikoresho bihenze no gutinda kumusaruro bihenze. Reka twinjire mwisi yibyuma kandi dusuzume ibitera, ingaruka, no kwirinda ingamba.
Ibyuma ni iki?
Icyuma gitunganya ninzira yangiza aho ibyuma bifatanije kurwego rwa microscopique. Bibaho mugihe ubuso bubiri bwicyuma buri kunyererana mukibazo. Bitekerezeho nkibimenyetso byisuku byimpanuka - Ibyuma bihuza hamwe!
Igitekerezo cyibanze no gusobanura ibyuma
Imyambarire ifata ibyuma mugihe:
Ibyuma Byibintu bivuga neza
Umuvuduko mwinshi ubaho hagati
Kunyerera bibaho
Guhiga bidahagije birahari
Inzira isanzwe itangirira kuri microscopique amanota yimbere (ASPLITIITS) aho imiti ikoraho. Izi ngingo zibyara ubushyuhe no guterana amagambo, biganisha ku kohereza ibintu hagati yubusa. Igisubizo? Ingaruka zikonje zishobora kwangiza cyane ibice byawe.
Ibiranga bidasanzwe vs andi yambara ubwoko
Itandukaniro ryingenzi kuva muburyo busanzwe bwo kwambara:
Umuvuduko w'iterambere : bitandukanye no kwambara gahoro gahoro, gutora bigaragara gitunguranye
Kwimura Ibikoresho : bikubiyemo kwimuka kugaragara kwicyuma kuva hejuru kugeza kuwundi
Ibyangiritse ku buso : Gukora ahantu hasasutse cyangwa ibibyimba
Iterambere : ikwirakwiza vuba iyo itangiye
Ibimenyetso bigaragara kugirango urebe
Ibipimo byo kuburira :
Yakuze ibibyimba cyangwa 'galls ' hejuru yicyuma
Bikabije, byacitse, cyangwa amanota
Kwiyubaka Ibikoresho Kubikoresho cyangwa ibice byimuka
Ubuso butandukanye bwo hejuru:
Ibice rusange :
Ibyingenzi
Hydraulic silinders
Pistons
Imyenda
Gukata ibikoresho
Pro Impanuro: Umva amajwi adasanzwe mugihe cyibikorwa - abapfumu b'inararibonye bakunze guhita urusaku rwihariye!
Inzira itwara ibyuma
Nigute ibyuma bibaho?
Microscopique yo hejuru itumanaho ritangira inzira. Ndetse nkaho bisa neza neza ibyuma birimo impinga nkibyinshi. Iyi microscopique ntizihinduka ingingo zambere zo guhuza ibyuma.
Intambwe ku Nteko ya-Intambwe :
Umubonano wambere
Ubushyuhe
Kwimura ibikoresho
Iterambere rikonje
Ahantu rusange aho icyuma gitera
Guhuza inkingi gahura nibibazo bikomeye byangiza muburyo bwinganda. Iyo icyuma cyihuta cyihuta, icyerekezo kinyerera cyahujwe nigitutu kinini kirema ibintu byiza byo gutuza. Icyuma kitagira ikinyabuzima cyerekana cyane cyane ibibazo, akenshi bifatwa burundu nyuma yo gusiganwa.
Gutwara sisitemu bisaba kwitabwaho byimazeyo mugukumira. Ibibaya hamwe nibihuru bibaho ibyuma-kuri-ibyuma byumutwaro. Hatabayeho gutoranya no guhitamo ibikoresho, ibi bice birashobora kunanirwa byihuse kubera gutya.
| Kwambara ubwoko | butera ingaruka | zikomeye |
| Ibyifuzo | Hejuru cyane | Amavuta, ibikoresho |
| Bushings | Hejuru | Kuzuza hejuru, umutwaro |
| Umupira | Giciriritse | Umuvuduko, ubushyuhe |
| Umugozi | Giciriritse | Guhuza, kwanduza |
Sisitemu ya hydraulic yerekana ibibazo bidasanzwe. Inkoni ya silinderi igenda binyuze kuri kashe no kuyobora imbere ibyuma bihoraho. Ubusobanuro bukenewe muri sisitemu ituma abatishoboye cyane. Ndetse no gutyanga bito birashobora guhungabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yose.
Ibikorwa byo gusiga byakunze guhura nibibazo bihungabana. Mugihe cyo gukata, gukora, cyangwa gutera ibikorwa, ubuso bwibikoresho bihura nigitutu cyo kumurika no guhura nabakozi. Ibidukikije bitanga umusaruro mwiza kugirango ugabanye, akenshi bikavamo kurangiza hejuru nibikoresho byangiritse.
Ibigize moteri bikora mubihe bikomeye biteza guteza imbere. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buhuza na Motion ikomeza mu turere nka Piston Impeta na valve Stems. Ibi bice bisaba guhitamo ibikoresho neza no gutekereza kubitekerezo kugirango wirinde gutsindwa.
Ingamba zo kwirinda zikwiye kwitabwaho neza muri buri kibanza:
Koresha ibyuma bidahwitse mugihe bishoboka
Koresha Ibihuru Bikwiye
Komeza Ikaramu
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gukora
Gushyira mubikorwa gahunda zisanzwe zo kugenzura
Ibimenyetso byo kuburira hakiri kare bifasha gukumira ibyangiritse cyane:
Ibyuma byasaga
Ibikoresho Byinshi
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka kumurongo wacu urutonde rwibyuma-prone. Kwiyongera kwinshi kwangiza biza ku giciro - urwego rwo kurinda ibiranda bituma bitera kwibasirwa cyane no gukomera. Iyo iyi lifer isenyutse mukibazo, ibyuma byashyizwe ahagaragara byoroshye kwikuramo hamwe cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Ibiranga ubuso bwibyuma bidafite ikibazo bitera ibibazo bidasanzwe:
Passive oxide lager
Umucunga mwinshi
Imitungo ikomeye
Ibikoresho bifatika
Aluminum na alloys yacyo iringaniye mubikoresho bidatera ubwoba. Umuyoboro wabo ukabije nubwitonzi bwabo birema ibintu byiza byo kwimura ibintu no gusudira gakonje. Tekereza kuri aluminium nk'ifu idakomeye - uburyo bworoshye kandi bikagaragara mubindi hejuru.
Ibisanzwe bya Aluminiyumu Bisanzwe birimo:
Ibyingenzi
Uburyo bwo kunyerera
Kwitwarika
Imashini igikoresho
Titanium yerekana imyifatire isa. Nubwo imbaraga zayo, ibimenyetso bya Titanium bituma bikunze kugaragara cyane kwambara. Kamere yayo igendanwa ihinduka cyane mugihe urwego rwo kurinda umurinzi rusenyuka.
| Ubwoko bw'icyuma | gitunganya ingaruka | zibanze |
| Titanium | Hejuru cyane | Ubuso |
| 316 SS | Hejuru | Oxide layer |
| Aluminium | Hejuru | Byoroshye |
| Austenitic ss | Hejuru | Umucunguruko |
Ibigo bya Austelitic bikunze guhura nibibazo bitunganya. Ihuriro ryabo rya:
Umucunga mwinshi
Akazi gakomeye
Ibiranga ubuso
Igipimo cya Themal Kwagura
Ibikoresho byo hasi
Umuringa ugaragara nka nyampinga uhanganye. Umutungo wacyo wihariye urimo:
Bubi
Guhuza
Kurwanya Byiza
Ibiranga ubuso buhamye
Umuringa asangiye imico isa n'umuringa. Ba injeniyeri bakunze guhitamo umuringa kuri:
Kubyara ibyifuzo
Kunyerera hejuru
Umutwaro-wo hejuru
Ibidukikije bya Marine
Izi porogaramu zungukirwa na bronze:
Kwikuramo ibintu
Imikorere ihamye
Kwambara kurwanya
Kurwanya Kwangirika
Ibyuma bikomeretsa bitanga ibyuma byiza cyane binyuranye:
Kwiyongera gukomera
Kunozwa kwambara
Kuzamura umutekano
Yagabanije impengamiro
Ibiranga Ibikoresho Birwanya Gushyira Birimo:
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhitamo ibikoresho:
Gukora ubushyuhe
Ibisabwa
Umuvuduko wo kugenda
Ibintu by'ibidukikije
Kubungabunga
Porogaramu ifatika Kuyobora Ibikoresho:
| gusaba byasabye | zumubiri | inyungu |
| Kwikorera | Umuringa | Kwihisha |
| Gukata ibikoresho | Ibyuma bikomeye | Kwambara kurwanya |
| Ibice by'inyanja | Umuringa w'ingabo | Kurwanya ruswa |
| Umutwaro uremereye | Ibikoresho byo kwicwa | Uburemere |
Kurinda Icyuma
Ingamba zo Guhitamo Ibikoresho
Icyuma gihuza inzitizi kigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukumira gutora. Guhitamo ibyuma bifatika birashobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka. Bitekerezeho no guhitamo abafatanyabikorwa - babiri babiri bagenda neza, mugihe abandi bahora batera amano.
Icyuma cyiza gihuza aya makuru:
Koresha ibyuma bidahwitse mugihe bishoboka
Hitamo ibikoresho bikomeye kubigize imihangayiko
Tekereza ku rutonde rwo kurwanya ibihano
Guhuza ibyuma kugirango ukore
Kumenyekana cyane ingaruka zikomeye cyane guhinga :
| gukomera kwibikoresho | bitera ibyago | byasabwe gukoreshwa |
| Biragoye cyane (> 50 HRC) | Hasi | INGINGO ZISANZWE |
| Hagati (30-50 HRC) | Gushyira mu gaciro | Porogaramu rusange |
| Byoroshye (<30 hrc) | Hejuru | Umubonano ntarengwa gusa |
Amabwiriza yo guhuza ibikoresho afasha gukumira kunanirwa vuba:
Ibisubizo byo kuvura hejuru
Ubwoko busanzwe bwo guhimba :
Gutanga kwa Chrome
Ikirangantego cya Nikel
Ikiranga ceramic
Ibitabo bya PTFE
Kurwanya Anti-gufata ibice
Ubuhanga bwo kurangiza hejuru bwongera kurwanya itandukaniro:
Kurasa
Gutwika
Gusya
UMWANZURO
Ikoranabuhanga rya Borocoat ryerekana intambwe yo gukumira (
Kurema urusaku rwo hejuru
Kunoza Kwambara Kurwanya
Kuzamura uburinzi bwa ruswa
Ikora kuri geometries igoye
Ubuvuzi bwinyongera butanga ibisubizo byihariye: Urwego
| rwo | kwivuza urwego | rwiza |
| Nitridid | Hejuru | Ibice by'icyuma |
| Urubanza rukomeye | Hejuru cyane | Ibice byimuka |
| PVD | Byiza | Gukata ibikoresho |
| Ions implantation | Isumba | Ibice by'ukuri |
Imyitozo myiza
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gukimba :
Uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho bukwiye kwitabwaho neza:
Sukura hejuru neza
Koresha indangagaciro zikwiye
Koresha neza Inteko
Kugenzura Guhuza
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe
Ibisabwa byo kubungabunga ubufasha birinda gusiganwa:
Ubugenzuzi buri gihe
Gusunika
Kugenzura
Kwambara gukurikirana
Kugenzura Ubushyuhe
Porotokole y'ingenzi :
Urutonde rwibipimo :
| Umuheto | inshuro | zingenzi |
| Ubugenzuzi bwo hejuru | Buri munsi | Reba kubimenyetso |
| Kugenzura | Buri cyumweru | Kugenzura ubwishingizi |
| Isuku | Nkuko bikenewe | Kuraho umwarimu |
| Kugenzura | Buri kwezi | Menya neza neza |
INAMA ZIKURIKIRA :
Ibisubizo kubibazo bihari
Ibikorwa byihuse
Igisubizo cyihutirwa gisaba gutekereza vuba mugihe uhagaze. Nkibikoresho byambere byubufasha byimashini, kugira gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa birashobora gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhungabana kworoheje no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu. Ubushakashatsi bwinganda bwa vuba bwerekana ko igisubizo cyihutirwa gishobora kugabanya ibyangiritse kuri 70%.
Isuzuma ryambere rikurikira uburyo butunganijwe:
Guhagarika ibikorwa ako kanya
Inyandiko Yangiritse
Reba ibice bikikije
Gusuzuma uburyo bwa sisitemu
Gukemura by'agateganyo akenshi byerekana ko ari ngombwa gukomeza ibikorwa. Imibare y'inganda yerekana ko 60% by'ibibazo byangiza bisaba ibisubizo byigihe gito mbere yuko gukosora burundu birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa.
| Gupima byihutirwa | igihe cyo gusaba | gukora neza |
| Kurwanya Anti-gufata | Iminota 15-30 | Ikigereranyo cya 70% |
| Ubuso | Amasaha 1-2 | 60% igipimo |
| Gusukura | Iminota 30-45 | 80% igipimo |
Ibipimo byo gusimbuza ibice bifasha kumenya intambwe ikurikira:
Ibyangiritse
Sisitemu Isuzuma
Gusimbuza igice kiboneka
Isesengura ryamateka
Amabwiriza yihuse :
Ibisubizo Byigihe kirekire
Igishushanyo mbonera cya aderesi intandaro yibibazo bitera imbaraga. Ubushakashatsi bwa Engineering bwerekana ko igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye gishobora kugabanya ibintu byangiza kugeza 85% mubisabwa.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza gikubiyemo:
Guhindura
Gukwirakwiza umutwaro
Kuzamura Ibikoresho bitanga ibisubizo birambye. Ibikoresho bigezweho birashobora gutanga abantu bagera kuri 300% kugirango bakure neza ugereranije nuburyo gakondo.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kunoza ibintu:
| Kuzamura Ubwoko | ingaruka | bwanditseho |
| Ubuso bukomeye | Gushyira mu gaciro | Gutezimbere 200% |
| Impinduka | Hejuru | 300% |
| Kwiyongera | Hasi | 150% |
Gutezimbere gutunganya impinduramatwara imikorere. Amakuru yinganda yerekana ko inzira nziza zishobora kugabanya ibyabaye kuri 75%.
INYIGISHO Z'INGENZI IHINDUKA :
Kubungabunga kubungabunga bishyiraho ubwishingizi bwigihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko porogaramu zikwiye zo kubungabunga zigabanya ibintu bifitanye isano na 90%.
Ibice bya gahunda yo kubungabunga :
Ubugenzuzi buri gihe
Gusimburwa
Gukurikirana imikorere
Sisitemu y'inyandiko
Gahunda yo guhugura
Ingamba zo Gushyira mu bikorwa :
Gusesengura ibishushanyo byananiranye
Menya ingingo zikomeye
Guteza imbere gahunda y'ibikorwa
Ibisubizo
Hindura nkuko bikenewe
Intsinzi Memory Charcy Imbaraga:
Wibuke: Guhuza ibikorwa byihuse hamwe nibikorwa byigihe kirekire biteganijwe neza bitera uburyo bwuzuye bwo gucunga imicungire. Imibare irerekana ko amashyirahamwe ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zombi kugabanya 95% yo kugabanuka mu matara ashingiye ku gitsina.
Imyitozo myiza Ibyiza :
| Igihe cyagenwe | ubwoko bwibikorwa | biteganijwe |
| Ako kanya | Gukosora byihutirwa | Ikigereranyo cya 70% |
| Igihe gito | Amakuru agezweho | 85% |
| Igicashwa | Guhinduka | Kugabanya 75% |
| Igihe kirekire | Sisitemu yo gusubiramo | 95% |
INAMA ZIKURIKIRA :
Tangira na sisitemu ikomeye
Inyandiko Impinduka zose
Kurikirana Ibipimo by'imikorere
Hindura ingamba zishingiye kubisubizo
Guhugura abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga
Kuvugurura inzira buri gihe
Raporo yo gukora ibigo bigezweho ishyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo byuzuye bikabije birashobora kuganisha kuri:
Kugabanuka 85% mu gusana byihutirwa
70% bigabanuka mumafaranga yo gufata neza
300% byiyongereye mubuzima bwubuzima
95% iterambere muri sisitemu yizewe
Umwanzuro
Igiciro cyo gukumira gutora kito ugereranije no gusana bihenze no kutagira igihe cyatewe no kugabanuka. Ibisubizo bigezweho nikoranabuhanga byatumye byoroshye kuruta kurinda iki kibazo rusange cyinganda. Waba ushushanya sisitemu nshya cyangwa kubungabunga ibikoresho biri biriho, komeza Kwirinda Kwirinda bizafasha gukora ibikorwa byoroshye, byizewe.
Kuri ikipe mfg, twumva ibibazo inyoni ihinduranya ibiganiro byawe. Ikipe yacu yinzobere izobereye mu gukumira no gukemura ibibazo byo gutoragura muburyo butandukanye bwinganda.
Itsinda ryizewe Mfg - umukunzi wawe mubyuma byo gukumira no gukemura.
Inkomoko
Gutora
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kubyerekeye ibyuma
Nibihe bimenyetso byambere byicyuma?
Kubuso bwubuso, byongerewe guterana, urusaku rudasanzwe, hamwe no kohereza ibintu bigaragara hagati yubusa.
Nibihe byubwoko bukunda cyane gutora?
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka, aluminium, Titanium, na austanic ibyuma bitewe nubuso bwabo bworoshye nububiko bwa okipide.
Gutera imbaraga birashobora guhinduka igihe itangiye?
Oya. Guhamagara bitera ibyangiritse burundu. Ibigize ingaruka bigomba gusimburwa kandi hashyizwemo ingamba zo gukumira.
Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kumanuka?
Yego. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwongera cyane ibyago kandi bigabanye neza.
Nigute gusiga amavuta muguhagarika gutya?
Guhirika bikwiye birashobora kugabanya ibyago bigera kuri 90% mugihe byatoranijwe neza kandi bibungabungwa.
Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda gusiganwa ku mbaraga?
Koresha ibigo birwanya gufata, hitamo ibikoresho bitandukanye, hanyuma ukoreshe indangagaciro zikwiye.
Ni kangahe bigomba gushinja ibishishwa bikurura?
Uturere twinshi buri munsi, twimuka ibice buri cyumweru, ingingo zihagaze buri kwezi, rusange hejuru ya buri gihembwe.
