Imashini ya CNC yahinduye ibikorwa bigezweho hamwe no gusobanura no kwikora. Ariko izo mashini zizi gute icyo gukora? Igisubizo kiri muri g na m code. Iri tegeko nizo ndimi za porogaramu zigenzura buri rugendo n'imikorere yimashini ya CNC. Muriyi nyandiko, uziga uburyo G na M na m bakorera hamwe kugirango bagere ku mashini nyayo, kugirango imikorere myiza kandi yukuri muburyo bwo gukora.
G na m code?
G na M na M hamwe ninyuma ya porogaramu ya CNC. Bategeka imashini uburyo bwo kwimuka no gukora imirimo itandukanye. Reka twinjire mubikorwa bisobanura nuburyo bitandukanye.
Ibisobanuro bya G code
G code, ngufi kuri 'geometrie ' code, numutima wa pnc programming. Bagenzura ingendo no gushyira ibikoresho byimashini. Mugihe ushaka igikoresho cyawe cyo kwimuka kumurongo ugororotse cyangwa arc, ukoresha code.
G code ivuga imashini aho ujya nuburyo bwo kugerayo. Bagaragaza imirongo nubwoko bwimbere, nko umwanya wihuse cyangwa umurongo wa interpolation.
Ibisobanuro bya m code
M code, ihagaze kuri 'imashini itandukanye ' cyangwa 'code, ikora imirimo ifasha imashini ya CNC. Bagenzura ibikorwa nko guhindura spindle kuri cyangwa kuzimya, guhindura ibikoresho, no gukora colant.
Mugihe G code yibanda ku rugendo rwigikoresho, m code gucunga inzira rusange. Babona ko imashini ikorera neza kandi neza.
Itandukaniro hagati ya G na m code
Nubwo G na m code bakorana, bakorera intego zitandukanye:
Tekereza muri iyi nzira:
| icyerekezo | G code | m code |
| Imikorere | Igenzura ingendo no gushyira ahagaragara | Igenzura imashini ifasha |
| Intego | Inzira y'ibikoresho na geometrie | Ibikorwa nkibikoresho bihinduka na coolant |
| Urugero | G00 (umwanya wihuse) | M03 (Tangira spindle, amasaha yisaha) |
Amateka ya G na M Code muri gahunda ya CNC
Iterambere rya CNC muri 1950
Inkuru ya G na M itangirana no kuvuka kwa SNC. Mu 1952, John T. Parsons yakoranye na IBM kugirango atezimbere igikoresho cya mbere cyagenzuwe numubare. Iki kintu cyo kuvuka cyashizeho umusingi wa CNC igezweho.
Imashini ya Parsons yakoresheje kaseti yo gukubitwa no gukora amabwiriza yo gukoresha. Byari intambwe ya impinduramatwara igana gukora inzira yo gukora. Ariko, gutangiza izo mashini zambere byari umurimo utoroshye kandi utwara igihe.
Ubwihindurize buvuye kuri kaseti ya paki kugeza kuri g na m kode ya none
Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rya CNC ryateye imbere, niko uburyo bwo gutanga porogaramu. Mu myaka ya za 1950, porogaramu zakoresheje kaseti yo kwinjiza amabwiriza. Buri mwobo kuri kaseti uhagarariye itegeko ryihariye.
Mu mpera za 1950, Ururimi rushya rwa gahunda rwagaragaye: APT (ibikoresho byateguwe byateguwe). Apt yemereye porogaramu gukoresha icyongereza nkamagambo yo gusobanura ibikorwa byo gusiga. Iyi yakozwe na gahunda itota kandi ikora neza.
Ururimi rwa APT rwashyize urufatiro rwa G na M code. Mu myaka ya za 1960, aya code yabaye amahame ya porogaramu ya CNC. Batanze inzira imwe kandi isanzwe yo kugenzura ibikoresho byimashini.
Akamaro ka g na m code mugufasha neza kandi byikora
G na m code bagize uruhare rukomeye mubwihindurize bwa SNC. Bemerera imashini gukurikira inzira nyayo, mu buryo bukora ibintu bigoye, no kwemeza ko hasubizwe. Tutabaye ibyo, bagera ku rwego rwo gusobanura no gukora neza bigaragara mu nganda zigezweho ntizishoboka. Iri code nururimi rusobanura ibishushanyo bya digitale mubice byumubiri, bikaba ngombwa kugirango babone imashini zikora.
Code isanzwe hamwe nimikorere ya
| Kode | Ibisobanuro | G |
| G00 | Umwanya wihuse | Yimura igikoresho kuringaniza ku muvuduko ntarengwa (kudatema). |
| G01 | Interpolation | Yimura igikoresho kumurongo ugororotse hagati yingingo ku kigero kigenzurwa. |
| G02 | Intere zizenguruka (CW) | Yimura igikoresho munzira izenguruka inzira igana ingingo yagenwe. |
| G03 | Intere zizenguruka (CCW) | Yimura igikoresho munzira izenguruka inzira igana kumurongo wagenwe. |
| G04 | Gutura | Pause imashini mugihe cyagenwe kuruhande rwayo. |
| G17 | XY Guhitamo Indege | Hitamo indege ya xy kugirango ikore ibikorwa. |
| G18 | XZ Guhitamo Indege | Hitamo indege ya xz yo gukora ibikorwa. |
| G19 | YZ Guhitamo Indege | Hitamo indege ya yz kugirango ikore ibikorwa. |
| G20 | Sisitemu ya Inch | Kugaragaza ko gahunda izakoresha santimetero nkibice. |
| G21 | Sisitemu ya Metric | Kugaragaza ko gahunda izakoresha milimetero nkibice. |
| G40 | Kureka indishyi zikata | Kureka ibikoresho byose bya diameter cyangwa indishyi za radiyo. |
| G41 | Indishyi zikata, ibumoso | Ikora ibikoresho bya radiyo radiyo kuruhande rwibumoso. |
| G42 | Indishyi zikata, iburyo | Ikora ibikoresho bya radiyo radiyo kuruhande rwiburyo. |
| G43 | Uburebure bwibikoresho byahagaritswe indishyi | Koresha uburebure bwigikoresho kurira mugihe cyo gufata. |
| G49 | Kureka Uburebure bwibikoresho indishyi | Guhagarika uburebure bwibikoresho bikuraho indishyi. |
| G54 | Guhuza akazi 1 | Hitamo gahunda yambere yo guhuza akazi. |
| G55 | Guhuza akazi muri sisitemu 2 | Hitamo gahunda ya kabiri yo guhuza akazi. |
| G56 | Sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa 3 | Hitamo gahunda ya gatatu yo guhuza akazi. |
| G57 | Guhuza akazi 4 | Hitamo gahunda ya kane yo guhuza ibikorwa. |
| G58 | Sisitemu yo guhuza ibikorwa 5 | Hitamo gahunda ya gatanu yo guhuza ibikorwa. |
| G59 | Gahunda yo guhuza ibikorwa 6 | Hitamo gahunda yakazi ya gatandatu. |
| G90 | Porogaramu | Guhuza bisobanurwa nkimyanya yuzuye ugereranije ninkomoko ihamye. |
| G91 | Porogaramu yo kwiyongera | Guhuza bisobanurwa ugereranije numwanya wibikoresho. |
Ibisanzwe m hamwe nimikorere yabo
| m kode | ikora | ibisobanuro |
| M00 | Gahunda ihagarara | By'agateganyo bibuza gahunda ya CNC. Bisaba gutabara umukoresha gukomeza. |
| M01 | Gahunda yo guhitamo | Ihagarika gahunda ya CNC niba hagarara guhitamo. |
| M02 | Gahunda irangira | Kurangiza gahunda ya CNC. |
| M03 | Kuzunguruka kuri (isaha imwe) | Itangira spinde kuzunguruka isaha. |
| M04 | Spindle kuri (isaha imwe) | Itangira spind kuzunguruka isaha. |
| M05 | Kuzunguruka | Ihagarika kuzunguruka. |
| M06 | Guhindura ibikoresho | Hindura igikoresho kiriho. |
| M08 | Gukonjesha | Ihindura sisitemu yubukonje kuri. |
| M09 | Guteka | Hindura sisitemu ya coolant. |
| M30 | Gahunda irangira kandi usubiremo | Arangiza gahunda kandi igarura kugenzura kugeza ku ntangiriro. |
| M19 | Icyerekezo | Cyangwa spindle kumwanya wagenwe kugirango uhinduke ibikoresho cyangwa ibindi bikorwa. |
| M42 | Ibikoresho byinshi hitamo | Hitamo uburyo bwo hejuru bwibikoresho kuri spindle. |
| M09 | Guteka | Kuzimya sisitemu yubukonje. |
Imikorere ifasha muri G na M Pode ya Pode
Gushyira hamwe (X, Y, Z)
X, y, hamwe na z imikorere igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'igikoresho mumwanya wa 3d. Bagaragaza umwanya wintego kubikoresho byo kwimuka.
X yerekana axontal axis (ibumoso iburyo)
Y yerekana axles ihagaritse (imbere kugirango inyuma)
Z yerekana umurongo wimbitse (hejuru no hepfo)
Dore urugero rwukuntu ibyo bikorwa bikoreshwa muri gahunda ya G:
G00 X10 Y20 Z5 (10, y = 30, z = 40, z =.
Ikigo cya ARC gihuza (i, J, K)
I, j, na k kwerekana ingingo ya arc ugereranije nintangiriro. Bakoreshwa hamwe na G02 (Isaha ARC) na G03 (ARC yawe ARC).
Nderekana intera X-axis kuva intangiriro yingingo
J Yerekana intera ya y-axis kuva itangira kugeza hagati
K byerekana intera ya z-axis kuva mugihe cyo gutangira kuri centre
Reba kururugero rwo gukora arc ukoresheje i na j:
g02 x50 y50 j25 j25 j25 j25
Kugaburira (f)
Imikorere ya F igena umuvuduko igikoresho cyimuka mugihe cyo gukata. Bigaragazwa mubice kumunota (eg, santimetero kumunota cyangwa milimetero kumunota).
Dore urugero rwo gushyiraho igipimo cyibiryo:
G01 X100 y200 F500 (umurongo wimuka kuri x = 100, y = 200 ku giciro cyikigereranyo cyiminota 500 / min)
Spindle yihuta (s)
Imikorere ya S ishyiraho umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka. Mubisanzwe bigaragazwa muri revolisiyo kumunota (RPM).
Reba kuri uru rugero rwo gushiraho umuvuduko wa spindle:
M03 S1000 (Tangira Spindle Isaha kuri 1000 RPM)
Guhitamo ibikoresho (T)
Imikorere ya T ihitamo igikoresho kizakoreshwa mubikorwa byo gusiga. Buri gikoresho cyibikoresho bya mashini gifite umubare wihariye wahawe.
Dore urugero rwo guhitamo igikoresho:
T01 M06 (Hitamo Igikoresho Umubare 1 hanyuma ukore impinduka)
Uburebure bwa Tool Offset (H) nigikoresho cya radiyo radiyo (d)
Imikorere ya H na D yishyura itandukaniro mu burebure na radiyo. Bakora neza umwanya wibikoresho ugereranije nakazi.
Reba Uru rugero rukoresha imikorere ya H na D:
G43 H01 (Koresha Uburebure bwibikoresho Byegeranye ukoresheje nimero 1) G41 D01 (Koresha ibikoresho bya radiyo bya radiyo ibumoso 1)
Uburyo bwa pnc programming hamwe na g na m code
Porogaramu
Porogaramu y'intoki ikubiyemo kwandika g na m code ukoresheje intoki. Porogaramu irema kode ishingiye kubice geometrie nibisabwa.
Dore uko bisanzwe bikora:
Porogaramu isesengura igice gishushanya kandi kigena ibikorwa bikenewe byatsinzwe.
Bandika umurongo wa G na M kumurongo, berekana ibikoresho nibikorwa.
Porogaramu noneho yuzuye mu imashini igenzura rya CNC kugirango ikore.
Porogaramu y'intoki itanga gahunda yuzuye kuri kode. Nibyiza kubice byoroshye cyangwa guhindura byihuse.
Ariko, birashobora kuba igihe utwara nigihe cyo guhangayikishwa, cyane cyane kuri geometries igoye.
Porogaramu yo kuganira (Porogaramu kuri Machine)
Porogaramu yo kuganira, uzwi kandi nka Porogaramu yo gutaha, bikorwa muburyo butaziguye imashini igenzura rya CNC.
Aho kwandika G na m code intoki, umukoresha ukoresha imikino ya menus nubushushanyo kugirango winjize ibipimo bya marike. Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura noneho ritanga code ikenewe g na m code mu buryo bwikora.
Hano hari ibyiza byo gutangiza gahunda:
Numukoresha-urugwiro kandi bisaba ubumenyi buke bwo gutangiza porogaramu
Yemerera gushiraho gahunda byihuse kandi byoroshye gahunda no guhindura
Birakwiriye ibice byoroshye kandi umusaruro mugufi
Ariko, gahunda yo kuganira ntishobora guhinduka nkibikoresho byintoki kubice bigoye.
Cad / Kamera
Igice cyateguwe ukoresheje software ya Cad, gukora icyitegererezo cya 3D.
Icyitegererezo cya Cad cyatumijwe muri software ya kamera.
Porogaramu ihitamo ibikorwa byo gusiga, ibikoresho, no gutema ibipimo muri software ya kamera.
Porogaramu ya kamera itanga kode ya g na m ishingiye kubipimo byatoranijwe.
Kode yakozwe ni nyuma yo guhuza ibisabwa byihariye ryimashini ya CNC.
Kode ya nyuma yo gutunganya yimuriwe mumashini ya CNC kugirango ikore.
Inyungu za Cad / Kam Porogaramu:
Ikora kodegisi itumanaho, kuzigama igihe no kugabanya amakosa
Iremerera progaramu yoroshye ya geometries igoye na 3d kontours
Itanga ibikoresho byo kwiyumvisha no kwigana kugirango utegure inzira
Ifasha impinduka zihuse hamwe nibishya
Imipaka ya Cad / Kamera ya Cam:
Bisaba ishoramari muri software n'amahugurwa
Ntibishobora kuba biheshya kubice byoroshye cyangwa umusaruro mugufi
Kode yakozwe irashobora gusaba uburyo bwo guhitamo intoki kubiciro byihariye cyangwa porogaramu
Iyo ukoresheje Cad / Cam Porogaramu nka UG cyangwa Mastercam, suzuma ibi bikurikira:
Menya neza hagati yicyitegererezo cya cad na kamera
Hitamo ibikwiye nyuma yo kwitegura imashini yawe yihariye ya CNC no Kugenzura
Hindura ibipimo bya marike nibitabo byibikoresho kugirango utezimbere imikorere
Kugenzura kode yakozwe binyuze mu kwigana no kugeragezwa by'imashini
G na m kode yubwoko butandukanye bwimashini za CNC
Imashini zo gusya
Imashini zo gusya zikoresha G na M code kugirango ugenzure kugenda igikoresho cyo gukata mumirongo itatu yamashanyarazi (x, y, na z). Bakoreshwa mugukora ubuso cyangwa bwuzuye, ibibanza, umufuka, numwobo.
Bimwe bisanzwe g code ikoreshwa mumashini yo gusya harimo:
G00: umwanya wihuse
G01: interpolation yumurongo
G02 / G03: Interpolation yazenguruka (Isaha / Amasaha yo kugana)
G17 / G18 / G19: Guhitamo Indege (Xy, ZX, YZ)
M kode yo kugenzura imirimo nka spindle kuzunguruka, gukonjesha, nibikoresho bifatika. Kurugero:
Imashini Zihinduka (Lathes)
Imashini zihinduka, cyangwa lathes, koresha g na m code kugenzura kugenda ibikoresho byo gukata ugereranije nakazi kazunguruka. Bakoreshwa mugukora ibice bya silindrike, nka shaff, bushings, hamwe nudusimba.
Usibye kode zisanzwe za GAKORESHEJWE MU GISINI, Lathe akoresha kode yihariye yo guhindura ibikorwa:
M code muburyo bwo kugenzura imirimo nka spindle kuzunguruka, gukonjesha, na turret yerekana:
Ibigo
Ibigo by'imashini bihuza ubushobozi bw'imashini zangiza n'amatara. Barashobora gukora ibikorwa byinshi byo gusiga kumashini imwe, ukoresheje amashoka menshi nibikoresho bihinduka.
Ibigo bya Matchings bikoresha guhuza G na M bikoreshwa mu mashini yo gusya n'amatara, bitewe niki gikorwa cyihariye.
Bakoresha kandi urutonde rwinyongera kugirango bakore ibintu byateye imbere, nka:
G43 / G44: Uburebure bwuburebure
G54-G59: Guhuza imikorere yakazi
M06: Guhindura ibikoresho
M19: Icyerekezo cya spingle
Itandukaniro nibintu byihariye
Imashini zisya zikoresha G17 / G18 / G19 zo guhitamo indege, mugihe Lathe idasaba kode yo gutoranya indege.
Amatara akoresha code yihariye nka G33 yo gukata urudodo na G76 yo gukabya inzitizi, zidakoreshwa mumashini yo gusya.
Ibigo bya Matchings bikoresha kode yinyongera nka G43 / G44 kuburebure bwibikoresho indishyi na M06 kubihinduka bifatika, bidakunze gukoreshwa mumashini ya Standalone cyangwa Lathes.
INAMA ZA G NA K NAC PEDE
Imyitozo myiza yo gutegura no gutunganya G na M ya Porogaramu
Hano haribintu byiza byo gukurikiza mugihe utegura no gutunganya gahunda zawe za G na M:
Tangira ufite gahunda ya gahunda isobanutse kandi isobanura, harimo nimero ya gahunda, izina ryigice, numwanditsi.
Koresha ibitekerezo kubuntu kugirango usobanure intego ya buri gice cyangwa guhagarika kode.
Tegura gahunda mubice byumvikana, nkibikoresho bihinduka, ibikorwa byo gushakira, no kurangiza urukurikirane.
Koresha uburyo buhoraho na indentation kugirango utezimbere gusoma.
Modularize porogaramu ukoresheje inzitike zo gukora.
Ukurikije ibi bikorwa, urashobora gushiraho gahunda zoroshye kubyumva, kubungabunga, no guhindura.
Ingamba zo guhitamo inzira zabigenewe no kugabanya igihe cyo gusiga
Guhitamo ibikoresho byabigenewe no kugabanya igihe cyo gusiga ni ngombwa kugirango bafate neza CNC. Hano hari ingamba zo gusuzuma:
Koresha inzira ngufi zishoboka zo kugabanya igihe kitagabanijwe.
Kugabanya impinduka yibikoresho ukurikije ibikorwa bikurikiranye.
Koresha uburyo bwihuse bwo gushushanya, nko gusya kwa crochoidal, kugirango bikureho byihuse.
Hindura ibiciro biri kugata hamwe na spindle ukurikije ibintu nibikoresho.
Koresha inzinguzingo na connene kugirango woroshye kandi wihutishe porogaramu.
(Inzira idasanzwe y'ibikoresho) G00 X0 Y0 Z1G0101 X50 Y0G01 X50 Y0G01 Y50G01 Y0G01 Y0
Mugushyira mubikorwa izi ngamba, urashobora kugabanya cyane umwanya wo gushushanya no kunoza imikorere rusange.
Amakosa Rusange kugirango wirinde muri G na M Pode
Kugirango umenye neza kandi neza, irinde aya makosa rusange muri G na M ya Pode:
Kwibagirwa gushyiramo abasore m ibikenewe, nka spindle na mategeko akonje.
Ukoresheje ibice cyangwa bidahuye (urugero, kuvanga santimetero na milimetero).
Kutagaragaza indege ikwiye (G17, G18, cyangwa G19) kubijyanye ninteruro.
Gusiba ingingo zaciriritse muguhuza indangagaciro.
Ntabwo usuzumye ibikoresho bya radiyo radiyo mugihe utunganije.
Kugenzura inshuro ebyiri kode yawe hanyuma ukoreshe ibikoresho byo kwigana kugirango ufate no gukosora aya makosa mbere yo gukora porogaramu kuri mashini.
Akamaro ko kugenzura gahunda no kwigana mbere yuko imashini
Kugenzura gahunda no kwigana nintambwe zingenzi mbere yo gukora porogaramu kuri mashini ya CNC. Baragufasha:
Menya kandi ukosore amakosa muri code.
Tekereza inzira y'ibikoresho kandi urebe ko bahuye na geometrie wifuza.
Reba kubishobora kugongana cyangwa imipaka.
Gereranya igihe cyo gusiga no kunoza inzira.
Benshi murima software ikubiyemo ibikoresho byo kwigana bikwemerera kugenzura gahunda no kureba inzira yo gutanga. Koresha ibi bikoresho kugirango gahunda yawe ikore neza kandi itanga ibisubizo biteganijwe.
Ongera usuzume G na M code kubintu byose bigaragara cyangwa bidahuye.
Fata porogaramu muri kamera ya software.
Shiraho ibikoresho byububiko, imikino, nibikoresho mubidukikije.
Koresha kwigana no kwitegereza inzira y'ibikoresho, kuvanaho ibintu, n'amashini.
Reba ku mpanga zose, gouges, cyangwa ingendo zitifuzwa.
Menya neza ko igice cyanyuma cyigana gihuye nigishushanyo mgenewe.
Kora ibikenewe kuri gahunda ukurikije ibisubizo byo kwigana.
Incamake
Muri iki kiganiro, twakoresheje uruhare rukomeye rwa G na M code muri SNC. Izi ndimi za porogaramu zigenzura ingendo n'imikorere y'imashini za CNC, bishoboza gukora neza kandi byikora.
Twatwikiriye ishingiro rya G code, dukoresha geometrie nigikoresho cyinzira, na m ya a m
Gusobanukirwa G na M byingenzi kubakozi ba CNC, abakora, hamwe ninzobere. Ibemerera gukora gahunda zinoze, kunoza inzira zimashini, hamwe no gukemura ibibazo neza.
Ibibazo Kubijyanye na G na m code muri CNC
Ikibazo: Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwiga G na M code?
Igisubizo: Witoze hamwe nuburambe bwamaboko. Tangira na gahunda zoroshye hanyuma wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Shakisha ubuyobozi kubakozi b'inararibonye cyangwa gufata amasomo.
Ikibazo: G na M na m code ikoreshwa hamwe nubwoko bwose bwimashini za CNC?
Igisubizo: Yego, ariko hamwe no gutandukana. Kode yibanze irasa, ariko imashini zihariye zishobora kugira code yinyongera cyangwa yahinduwe.
Ikibazo: Ese G na m code bisanzwe muburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura CNC?
Igisubizo: Ahanini, ariko ntabwo aribyose. Ishingiro risanzwe, ariko itandukaniro rimwe riri hagati yo kugenzura sisitemu. Buri gihe reba igitabo cya mashini.
Ikibazo: Nigute nshobora gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe hamwe na gahunda ya G na M?
Igisubizo: Koresha ibikoresho byo kwigana kugirango umenye amakosa. Kode-inshuro ebyiri kumakosa nkabuze decimals cyangwa ibice bitari byo. Kugisha inama imfashanyigisho hamwe nubutunzi bwo kumurongo.
Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe buryo buboneka bwo kwiga kuri G na M code?
Igisubizo: Imfashanyigisho zo gutangiza imashini, inyigisho zo kumurongo, amahuriro, n'amasomo. Ibitabo bya CNC n'ibitabo. Uburambe bufatika nubujyanama kubakozi b'inararibonye.
Ikibazo: Nigute G na M bigira ingaruka kubijyanye no gushushanya no gukora neza?
Igisubizo: Gukoresha neza kode ziteguye inzira zabigenewe, bigabanya igihe cyo gushakira, kandi biremeza neza. Imiterere ikora neza n'umuryango kunoza imikorere yo gufata neza.
Ikibazo: Nigute G na m code ishobora guhitamo kugabanya igihe cyo gusiga no kunoza imico imashini?
Igisubizo: Mugabanye ingendo zidatemye. Koresha inzinguzingo na subroutine. Hindura ibiciro biri kugandukiro kugirango ubone ibintu byiza.
Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bikorwa byateye imbere bishobora kugerwaho ukoresheje porogaramu ya macros na parametric?
A: gufata imirimo isubiramo. Kurema imizingo ya Custon. Progaramu ya parametric kuri gahunda zoroshye kandi zihuza. Kwishyira hamwe na seriveri yo hanze na sisitemu.
