Wigeze wibaza igitera amatafari hamwe nibice byimodoka biramba? Byose bitangirira Abs plastiki . Abs (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) ni ibintu bikomeye, bifatika bitunganye byo gutesha agaciro. Iyi nzira ihuza ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa munganda nyinshi. Muri iyi nyandiko, uzamenya uburyo inshinge zibuza imirimo n'impamvu itoneshwa gukora ibikinisho n'ibice by'imodoka.
Abs, cyangwa Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, ni polymoclestique izwi cyane. Birazwi kubwimitungo myiza kandi itandukanye muri Gutera inshinge.
ABS igizwe na monomeri eshatu:
Acrylonitrile: itanga ubushyuhe n'imiti
Butadiene: Tanga uburemere n'ingaruka zo kurwanya ingaruka
Stryrene: Itanga Imbaraga, Ikomeye, na Glossy Kurangiza
Izi monomers zirema polymer ikomeye hamwe numutungo uringaniye.
Kurwanya ingaruka
ABS ifite imbaraga nyinshi
Irashobora kwihanganira imitwaro itunguranye n'ingaruka
Gukomera
ABS izwiho gukomera
Irwanya kumena cyangwa gucika intege
Kuringaniza
ABS ikomeza imiterere yayo munsi yumutwaro
Ifite igipimo kinini-kingana
Kurwanya Ubushyuhe
ABS irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 80 ° C.
Ituma imitungo yacyo ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru
Kurwanya imiti
ABS irwanya acide nyinshi, Alkalis, na Oil
Ifite imiti myiza yimiti
Glossy Ubuso burangiye
Styrene Monomer itanga Kurangiza
Ibice bya Abs bifite isura nziza, irabagirana
ABS ifite ahantu hake, kugirango byoroshye kubumba
Ifite imitungo myiza, yemerera ibishushanyo bigoye
Abs itanga ibice hamwe no kwihanganira noroshye
Automotive: Inkomoko y'Imbere, ibice bya mashboard, fenders
Amashanyarazi: Inzu, casings, kugenzura panels
Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi: ibikinisho, ibikoresho bya siporo, ibikoresho byo murugo
INGINGO: Imiyoboro, Fittings, ibikoresho
Ibiranga ABS birashobora guhuzwa ukoresheje inyongeramubi nuzuza:
Ikirahure cyikirahure kugirango imbaraga zongere kandi zikomeretsa
Umudangoma wa Flame kubera ko yatezimbere umuriro
UV stabilizers imikorere myiza yo hanze
Ibara ryera ryifuzwa
IYI MASOKO YASUBIZE URUBUGA RW'AMAFARANGA.
k'umutungo | Agaciro |
---|---|
Ubucucike | 1.01-1.21 G / CM⊃3; |
Imbaraga za Tensile | 27.6-55.2 MPA |
Modulus | 1.59-3.31 GPA |
Iziba Ingaruka | 58-378 j / m |
Ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ubushyuhe | 75-105 ° C. |
Imbonerahamwe 1: Ibintu bisanzwe bya pulasitike
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri Abs plastiki nikoreshwa ryayo , reba ubuyobozi burambuye.
Kugenzura ubuhehere ni ngombwa mu miterere ya Abs. Niba abs abrture yubushuhe, irashobora gushikana ku nenge nk'igicu cyangwa ibituba. Dore uburyo bwo gukama neza:
Ubushyuhe bwumye: 80-95 ° C (176-203 ° F)
Kuma Kumasaha: Amasaha 2-4 ubundi, urashobora gukoresha hopper yumye kuri 80 ° C kumasaha 1-2.
Ibikurikira, shiraho ibyawe imashini ishinyagurira . Ibipimo by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:
Ikigereranyo cyo Gukemura:> 2
Imbaraga zishimangiwe: 4.700-6,000 t / m²
Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge:> 1,500 bar
Bikwiye Igishushanyo mbonera ni ngombwa mugutera inshinge. Komeza aya mabwiriza atekereza:
Ubunini bwa mold: 0.025-0.05 mm
Uburebure bwa Irembo: <1 mm
Umuyoboro utemba Diameter: 3 mm
Ubugari bwa Hole: 4-6 mm
Ubushyuhe bwa Mold: 60-65 ° C (140-149 ° F)
Gutera Gutera Inzitira Ubushyuhe buratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cya AB:
Umuriro wa Flame: 200-240 ° C (Optimal: 220-230 ° C)
Amashanyarazi: 250-275 ° C (Optimal: 270 ° C)
Ibirahuri byashimangiwe: 230-270 ° C.
Ingaruka nyinshi: 220-260 ° C (Optimal: 250 ° C)
Ubushyuhe: 240-280 ° C (Optimal: 265-270 ° C)
Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge biterwa nicyiciro cya ASS kandi cyifuzwa kurangiza. Kurugero:
Amaraso arwanya Flame asaba inzitizi zitinda
Byinshi-byiciro, inzitirwa ryinshi zikoreshwa mugushushanya hejuru
Nyuma yo guterwa, igice cyinshi gikonje imbere muburyo. Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gukurikirana:
Igihe cyo guturamo: Iminota 5-6 kuri <265 ° C (Mugufi kubanyeshuri ba Flame-Redarbant)
Gusubira inyuma: Bika hasi bishoboka (~ 5 bar) kugirango wirinde kwambara
Iyo igice kimaze gusohoka, tekinike zitandukanye zo gutunganya zirashobora gukoreshwa:
Ibibumba byashushanyijeho ukoresheje laser biranga cyangwa kashe ishyushye
Ultrasonic gusudira yo kwinjira mubice
Gushushanya cyangwa electraplatinge kugirango bigaragare hamwe na UV Kurwanya UV
Kugirango umenye neza ibice byiza bya AB, komeza ibyo bintu:
Kugenzura ubuhehere
Kuma neza kubintu bya ABS mbere yo gutunganya
Komeza ubushuhe buke mububiko no gutunganya ibintu
Gucunga ubushyuhe
Hindura inshinge ubushyuhe bubitondekanya amanota yihariye
Irinde kubabara cyane kugirango wirinde gutesha agaciro
Igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye
Kurikiza amabwiriza yasabwe kuburebure bwa Mold, Gutobora, no Kuvuka
Igishushanyo cyo gukonjesha kimwe kugirango ugabanye Kurwana no kurohama
Inshinge umuvuduko no guhitamo igitutu
Hindura umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge ukurikije amanota yibanze kandi wifuza hejuru
Komeza igitutu gihagije cyo gutera inshinge mugihe wirinze urwego rukabije
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri Gutera inshinge inzira , reba ibiyobora birambuye.
Gutera inshinge biratanga inyungu nyinshi zituma ihitamo inganda nyinshi:
Umusaruro mwinshi no gukora neza Abs Gutera ubwoba bifasha ibihe byo hasi, bivamo ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Inzira irashobora kubyara byinshi hamwe nimyanda mike hamwe no gutabara kwabantu, kugabanya neza.
Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibice bigoye hamwe no gutera inshinge, ababikora barashobora gukora ibice byinshi byagaragaye, bifatika. Ibi birashobora gushiramo ibice, ibice byarenze urugero, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye. Nibyiza gukora ibice hamwe nibiranga birambuye utabangamiye ku bwiza.
Ibicuruzwa bikomeye kandi birambye abs bizwiho imbaraga nimbaraga zayo, bituma bitunganya ibicuruzwa bisaba ubunyangamugayo. Kuva Ibice byimodoka kubikoresho biramba, haterwa inshinge bitemeza ko ibi bice bishobora kwihanganira imikoreshereze myinshi.
Bitandukanye mumabara hanyuma arangiza ab yemerera uburyo butandukanye bwo kwitondera. Irashobora kuba ifite amabara ukoresheje pigment cyangwa amashanyarazi kugirango arangize ibyuma. Ubu buryo bukora neza ko ibice bya ASS bujuje ibyangombwa byiza nibikorwa.
Ikiguzi-cyiza ikiguzi gike kandi inzira ikora neza ikomeza ibiciro. Ibikoresho bya imyanda bigabanuka, kandi gukenera intervention yabantu kenshi iragabanuka, ikabigira amahitamo ahendutse kubikorwa bikomeye.
Nubwo yatunganya, ubumuga buteye inshinge bufite aho bugarukira bugomba gusuzumwa:
Ibiciro byinshi byambere mugihe cyatewe no gutera inshinge bitangaje-gukora neza kumusaruro munini, ikiguzi cyambere cyibikoresho birashobora kuba bihenze. Gutegura no gutanga ibibumba nishora imari ikomeye, cyane cyane kubice bito.
Igishushanyo ntarengwa ABS inshinge zisaba gukurikiza amategeko yihariye. Ibiranga nk'urukuta, urubovu, na Umushinga ukurikirana ugomba gukurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho kugirango wirinde inenge. Ibi bigabanya guhinduka mugushushanya kandi birashobora kubuza amahitamo yo guhanga.
Ibikoresho bigarukira ABS bifite kurwanya ubukene kuri UV mucyo kandi bikora nabi muburyo bwo hanze nta gihinduka. Guhura nizuba ritesha agaciro ibikoresho mugihe runaka. Mugihe inyongera zirashobora kunoza uv irwanya UV, bongera kubiciro byakazi nibiciro.
Gutera inshinge hamwe na ab birashobora rimwe na rimwe kuba amayeri. Inenge nyinshi zirashobora kubaho mugihe cyibikorwa. Reka dusuzume ibyo bibazo nuburyo bwo kubirinda.
Gukonjesha bidasanzwe igice
Igihe gikonje kidahagije mbere yo kumenyekanisha
Urukuta rutari rurerure
Ibice binini bikonje cyane kuruta ibice bito
Igitutu kidahagije
Ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umuvuduko
Gutwika
Kwishimira ibikoresho
Umwuka wafashwe mu cyuho cya mold
Inshinge yihuta cyane
Ubushyuhe budahuye
Inshinge zidahagije
Ahantu hateganijwe
Ibikoresho bidahagije byatewe mubutaka
Inshinge nkeya cyangwa umuvuduko
Kubuza gutemba kubera amarembo magufi cyangwa abiruka
Ibicu cyangwa ibituba
Ubushuhe mubikoresho bya ABS
Gukama bidahagije mbere yo gutunganya
Ubushuhe Bukuru Mubidukikije
Kugabanya inenge, kurikiza iyi myitozo myiza:
Menya neza guteka ab mbere yo kubumba
Komeza ubushyuhe buhoraho muri rusange
Hindura umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge, umuvuduko, nigihe
Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nurukuta rumwe
Koresha ahantu hakwiye
Emera igihe gikonje gihagije mbere yo gusomwa
Kugenzura ubushuhe mukarere kabumba
Hano hari inama zo kunoza inzira yawe ya Abs:
Tangira ufite umuvuduko wo hasi hanyuma wiyongere buhoro buhoro
Koresha ubushyuhe bwa mold ubushyuhe bwo gukonja
Shyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gufata inenge hakiri kare
Kora buri gihe kubungabunga imashini yawe yashizweho
Korana nibikoresho byimyumvire kugirango utegure igishushanyo mbonera
Gukurikirana no guhindura ibipimo bishingiye ku gice cyiza
Ikibazo kimwe cyingenzi mugihe cyo gutera inshinge ni ugutesha agaciro. Niba ibikoresho birambuye, birashobora gusenyuka no gutera inenge nko gutwika cyangwa guhagarika.
Kurinda uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro:
Komeza kugenzura ubushyuhe bukabije mugihe cyo gushonga no gutera inshinge
Irinde igihe cyo gutura cyane muri barriel
Koresha ikigo gisukuye kugirango usukure imashini iri hagati yiruka
Gukurikirana imiterere yibintu bishyushya hamwe na thermocous
inenge | itume | gukumira |
---|---|---|
Ndwana | Gukonjesha bidafite ishingiro | Urukuta rumwe, umwanya uhagije |
Kurohama | Ibice byijimye, umuvuduko ukabije | Kongera umuvuduko / umwanya, kugabanya ubunini |
Gutwika | Kwishyurwa cyane, umwuka wafashwe | Ubushyuhe bwo hepfo, bunoza gukora |
Imirongo | Ubushyuhe budahuye, igitutu gito | Komeza ubushyuhe buhoraho, ongera igitutu |
Amafuti magufi | Ibikoresho bidahagije cyangwa igitutu | Ongera ingano cyangwa umuvuduko, amarembo ya kwagutse |
Ibicu / Bubbles | Ubuhehere mu bikoresho | Kuma Gukama Bikwiye, Gufata Ubushuhe |
Kubindi bisobanuro kubikorwa byo gushimura inenge nuburyo bwo kubikemura, reba ibiyobora byuzuye Gutera inshinge kubungabunga inenge.
Ibibumba byo gutera inshinge bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda bitewe no kunyuranya n'imbaraga zayo. Hano haribireba bimwe byingenzi:
Ibigize imbere imbere
ni amahitamo akunzwe kubice byimbere nkibyapa, imiryango, nicyicaro cyicara. Ibi bice byungukirwa nimbwa, imbaraga, nubushobozi bwo kubumbwa muburyo bugoye.
Ibice byo hanze
arahari nabyo bikoreshwa mubiri byimodoka yo hanze nkibinupe hamwe nibirori. Ingaruka zayo zo kurwanya no kuvura zituma bigira ibikoresho byiza kuri ibi bice bikomeye.
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri porogaramu yimodoka, reba umuyobozi wacu Ibice byimodoka nibigize Inganda Gukora.
Inzu n'inkike
Abs bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibintu birambye kuri electronics nka mudasobwa hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo. Itanga uburinzi bukomeye kubintu byimbere.
Kugenzura Panels
Guhuza panels mubikoresho byo murugo, harimo no gukaraba mashini no mu maduka, akenshi bikozwe muri Abs. Ubuso bwayo bworoshye hamwe no kurwanya ingaruka kumugaragaro bituma bituma biba byiza cyane.
Mwandikisho ya claviers
nyinshi za mudasobwa zikoresha abs kuri imfunguzo zabo kuko zitanga icyubahiro cyiza no kurangiza neza wumva neza gukoraho.
Ibikinisho n'ibicuruzwa byo kwidagadura
as bizwiho gukoreshwa mu bikinisho nka metero ya Lego. Imbaraga zayo, koroshya kubumba, hamwe namabara atandukanye aratunganya ibikinisho birambuye, biramba.
Ibintu byo murugo
ibintu bya buri munsi nkibice byisuku bisukuye hamwe na firigo bikunze gukorwa na Abs. Itanga iramba ryo kwambara no kurwanya kwambara, kubigira amahitamo afatika yo murugo.
Wige byinshi kubyerekeye ibyifuzo bya ABS mubicuruzwa byabaguzi muri twe Umuguzi no kurambagiza ibicuruzwa .
Amazu yimikoreshereze
yubuvuzi, AB ikoreshwa mugutanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi, harimo na nebulizers hamwe nibikoresho byo gusuzuma. Ubuso bwayo bworoshye bwo kwisuku no kurwanya igira ingaruka zemeza ko ikomeza ubunyangamugayo bwayo mugusaba ibidukikije.
Ibigize bimwe
na bimwe birakoreshwa mugukora ibintu byubuvuzi bitagerwaho, bitanga ibiciro bidafite agaciro, ibice bimwe bikoresha ibice byo hejuru byisuku.
Kubindi byinshi kubisabwa mubuvuzi, reba ibyacu Igikoresho cyibikoresho byubuvuzi .
Imiyoboro hamwe na fittings
as ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zubwubatsi kugirango ishyirwemo imiyoboro na fittings. Kurwanya imiti no kugira ingaruka imbaraga zikwiye gutwara amazi muri Porogaramu zitandukanye zo kubaka.
Ibikoresho byingufu byifashishwa
byingufu akenshi biranga amahirwe, gutanga hanze yinyuma, kuramba birinda ibice byimbere. Irimo kandi kurwanya ingaruka, gukora ibyo bikoresho byihangana kurubuga rwakazi.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kubyerekeye ibyifuzo bitandukanye bya ABS nibindi Plastike, reba ubuyobozi burambuye kuri Icyo Gutera Plastique Molding ikoreshwa kuri.
Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubiciro byo gutera inshinge. Reka tubameseke.
Ibiciro bya ABS birashobora gutandukana ukurikije:
Amanota hamwe nubuziranenge bwibikoresho
Inkingi cyangwa kuzungura byakoreshejwe
Gutanga no gusaba ku isoko
Tegereza kwishyura $ 1- $ 5 kuri kg kuri abs.
Gukora kubumba ni ikiguzi gikomeye. Biterwa na:
Ingano no kugorana igice
Umubare winyoni mubutaka
Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe Kuri Mold (Icyuma, Aluminium, nibindi)
Ibishushanyo byoroshye bitangirira kumadorari ibihumbi bike. Ibigoye birashobora kurenga $ 100.000.
Ibice byinshi utanga, hepfo ikiguzi. Ni ukubera ko:
Ibiciro byagenwe (kubumba, gushiraho) bikwirakwizwa kubice byinshi
Ibicuruzwa binini akenshi binjiza amajwi kubikoresho
Birebire biruka kwemerera uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukora neza
Intambwe zose zo kubumba zizongerera igiciro rusange:
Gushushanya cyangwa kwifotoza
Inteko cyangwa gupakira
Ubugenzuzi bwiza no kwipimisha
Tegura aya mafaranga muri bije yawe.
Ntiwibagirwe ikiguzi cya:
Abakora imashini n'abatekinisiye
Ubukode bwibikoresho, ibikorwa, no kubungabunga
Kohereza no kubikoresho
Ibi biciro birenze byose byahujwe nigiciro kuri buri gice.
Imashini zitera amashini ni ishoramari rikomeye:
Ibiciro bivuye ku $ 50.000 kugeza $ 200.000
Kubungabunga buri gihe no gusana birakenewe
Kuzamura cyangwa gusimburwa birashobora kuba ngombwa mugihe runaka
Ibi biciro mubisanzwe bigabanijwe mubuzima bwibikoresho. Ingaruka
zidasanzwe | ku giciro cyose |
---|---|
Ibikoresho | Igiciro kitaziguye kuri buri gice |
Ubumuga | Ishoramari rya UPFROT |
Ingano | Ubukungu bw'igipimo |
Kurangiza | Igiciro cyinyongera kuri buri gice |
Umurimo | Amafaranga menshi |
Ibikoresho | Ishoramari rirerire |
Mugihe abs ikunzwe kubumba iterwa, hariho izindi phostique nyinshi zitanga inyungu zitandukanye. Ukurikije umushinga wawe ukeneye, ibindi bikoresho birashobora kuba byiza.
PolyproPylene (pp)
pp ni plastike izwi kubirwanya imiti no guhinduka. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugupakira, ibice byimodoka, nibikoresho byubuvuzi. Birahanganye cyane numunaniro kuruta ab, bigatuma ari uburyo bwiza kubigize bigize flex utavunitse. Kubindi bisobanuro, reba ubuyobozi bwacu kuri Polypropylene Gutera inshinge.
Polyethylene (pe) Pe)
PE ihabwa agaciro kubushake bwayo nubushuhe. Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (HDPE) bukoreshwa mugukoresha inganda, nkumupapes hamwe nibikoresho. Ubucucike bwa Polyethylene (ldpe) birahinduka kandi bikoreshwa muri porogaramu nkimifuka ya pulasitike no gukanda. Wige byinshi kuri itandukaniro hagati ya hdpe na ldpe.
Polycarbonate (PC)
PC izwiho kurwanya ingaruka nziza hamwe no gusobanuka neza. Bikunze gukoreshwa munzira y'amaso y'ijisho, Inzu ya elegitoronike, n'ibice by'imodoka bisaba imbaraga no gukorera mu mucyo.
Nylon
Nylon itanga imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kuramba. Nibikoresho byatoranijwe kubice bya mashini, ibikoresho, kandi bisaba gukomera no guhangana na abus. Ariko, Nylon akunda gukuramo ubushuhe, bushobora kugira ingaruka kumitungo yayo.
Dore igereranya ryihuse ryo gutera incamake zo gusiga Plastike:
plastiki | Umutungo wa | wingenzi |
---|---|---|
ABS | Ikomeye, iramba, iramba, ingaruka-irwanya | Automotive, ibikinisho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki |
PolyproPylene (pp) | Imiti-irwanya, guhinduka | Gupakira, Automotive, Ubuvuzi |
Polyethylene (pe) | Bikomeye, ubuhehere | Ibikoresho, imiyoboro, gupakira |
Polycarbonate (PC) | Ingaruka-irwanya, birasobanutse | Ijisho, Electronics, Automotive |
Nylon | Gukomera, kurwanya ubushyuhe, biramba | Ibice bya mashini, ibikoresho, kwikorera |
Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byo gushinga imibano, hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma:
Imitungo : Reba imbaraga, kuramba, no guhinduka bisabwa kubicuruzwa byawe. Kurugero, Nylon nibyiza kubisabwa byimbaraga nyinshi, mugihe PP itanga guhinduka.
Kurwanya ibidukikije : Abs ifite abakene uv uv, bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoresha hanze. Niba UV yongera kunegura, PC cyangwa UV-ihamye PP ishobora kuba nziza.
Igiciro : Ibikoresho bimwe, nka PC, bikunda kuba bihenze kuruta ibindi, nka pp cyangwa pe. Kuringaniza ikiguzi hamwe n'imikorere ni ngombwa.
Ibisabwa gutunganya : Phostics zitandukanye zifite ibikenewe bitandukanye, nko guhuza ubushyuhe nibihe gukonjesha. Ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumyuga n'ibiciro.
Mugihe ABS ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ifite kandi imbogamizi zituma zidakwiriye kubisabwa:
UV Kurwanya UV : Gutesha agaciro mugihe uhuye nizuba mugihe kinini. Ibi bituma ihitamo nabi kubisabwa hanze keretse iyo inyongera zakoreshejwe.
Kurwanya Umunaniro : ABS ntabwo ikora neza isubirwamo neza. Igihe kirenze, irashobora kumeneka cyangwa kunanirwa mubisabwa aho guhangayika bikomeje. Kubice bikenewe flex buri gihe, PP cyangwa Nylon birashobora kuba amahitamo meza.
Kubindi bisobanuro bijyanye no guhitamo ibikoresho byiza kumushinga watewe no gushushanya, reba umuyobozi wacu Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe Mubumba.
Ibicuruzwa bya ABS biratanga ibyiza byinshi, uhereye kumusaruro mwinshi kubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibice bigoye, kuramba. Ariko, kuringaniza ikiguzi, ubuziranenge, kandi imikorere ni ngombwa. Mugihe tekinoroji yiterambere, inzira zizaza zishobora kubamo inzira zinoze kandi zinoza ibintu. Kugirango ubone ibisubizo byiza, gufatanya hamwe nibabaye ibangamiye abatanga serivisi ni ngombwa. Bafasha guhitamo ibishushanyo, kugabanya ibiciro, no guharanira umusaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Muri ibi byunganda byihuta, bagumye kumenyeshwa no gufata ibyemezo byubwenge bizagukana imishinga igenda neza, ihendutse.
Kubwubuyobozi bwinzobere kumushinga wawe wa ABB, hamagara Ikipe ya Mfg. Abashakashatsi b'inararibonye bazagufasha kuyobora igishushanyo, guhitamo ibintu, nuburyo bwo gukora kugirango habeho ibisubizo byiza. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nitsinda Mfg kugirango atsinde.
Ikipe mfg ni sosiyete ikora byihuse muri Odm na Oem itangira muri 2015.