Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora bugenda neza cyangwa bukuraho ibikoresho? Ibiyobyabwenge no Gukora Gukora biratandukanye muburyo bukomeye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nurufunguzo rwo guhitamo uburyo bukwiye.
Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasesengurwa ibyiza byabo, imbogamizi, hamwe nibisabwa byisi. Uziga guhitamo hagati yubu buryo bubiri kumushinga wawe utaha.
Inganda zinjira ni iki?
Inganda zo gukora (am) ni inzira itera ibintu wongeyeho urwego rwibikoresho, mubisanzwe bishingiye kuri 3D. Bitandukanye nuburyo gakondo, bikuraho ibikoresho, zubaka ibice kuva gushushanya, kwemerera ibishushanyo mbonera no gukora neza.
Amateka magufi yo gukora gukora
Igitekerezo cyo kumarana kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, igihe ikoranabuhanga rya 3D ryatangijwe bwa mbere. Guhanga udushya hakiri kare byari bigamije gufata prototyping, bitanga inzira byihuse, bihendutse yo gukora ibicuruzwa prototypes. Kuva icyo gihe, nkomeje guhinduka mu buryo bunini bw'inganda za porogaramu, harimo n'aeropace, automotive, n'ubuvuzi.
Uburyo Ibikorwa byo gukora
Inganda zinjira zitangirana na cide moderi. Icyitegererezo giciwe mubice bito ukoresheje software. Imashini ndondo noneho yongeraho ibikoresho, igice cya layer, kugeza igihe ikintu cya nyuma cyashizweho. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kuva kuri Plastike kugera ibyuma. Ukurikije inzira, irashobora gusaba nyuma yo gutunganya, nko gukora isuku cyangwa gukiza, kurangiza igice.
Ubuhanga busanzwe bwo gukora
Ubuhanga bwinshi bugwa munsi yumutaka wa AM, buri wese atanga ibyiza bidasanzwe:
3D icapiro
3d icapiro nuburyo buzwi cyane. Yubaka ibintu kubikoresho byo gushyiramo plastiki cyangwa ibyuma. Nibyiza kubice bya Customent na prototypes, birashoboka kandi bihebuje-byiza kuri porogaramu nto.
Guhitamo laser clenter (sls)
SLS ikoresha laser kugirango ibikoresho bikozwe muri center, mubisanzwe plastike cyangwa ibyuma, mubice bikomeye. Birazwi kugirango ushyireho prototypes irambye, ikora hamwe na geometries igoye.
Uburyo bwo kubitsa (FDM)
FDM ikorana na filime yo mu mashini igaragara binyuze mu kazu kegeranye. Bikunze gukoreshwa muri prototyping no kubyara ibice bitinde bya plastike.
StereoliThography (Sla)
Abasebya bakoresheje urumuri rwa ultraviolet kugirango bakize amazi ya resin mukibaya, bitera ibice nyabyo byoroshye hamwe birangira neza. Bikwiranye nibishushanyo bifatika nibisobanuro byiza.
Icyuma cya Laser Croser (DMLS)
DMLS yubaka ibice by'icyuma by constring poweri nziza yicyuma ukoresheje laser. Ubu buhanga ni bwiza bwo gutanga ibintu bigoye, bikabije byicyuma byinganda nka aerospace.
Ubuhanga bwo gukora ibikorwa byo gukora
Usibye uburyo buzwi busanzwe, ubundi buryo butandukanye burahari:
Binder Jetting : Umukozi uhuza uhitamo kubitsa hagati yifu, gukora inzego zigoye.
Iyobowe ingufu (Ded) : Ubu buhanga bukoresha kwibanda ku mbuga zubushyuhe bwo guswera nkuko babitswe, akenshi bikoreshwa mugusana cyangwa kongeramo ibiranga ibice biriho.
Ibikoresho biri : Ibikoresho byatoranijwe binyuze mu gutontoma kugirango wubake ibice, bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe na thermoplastics.
Indege yibintu : Ibitonyanga byibikoresho byashyizwe kumurongo ukoresheje layer kugirango ukore ibice byasobanutse, akenshi ukoresheje amafoto.
Impaka zikamba : Impapuro zibikoresho zihujwe kumurongo, ubereye ibyuma nibikondo.
TVA PhotopolyBeliBation : Porogaramu Yumuzi Yakuweho Numucyo kugirango ukore ibice bikomeye, hamwe nibisabwa muri prototyping no gutanga umusaruro.
Ibyiza byo gukora gukora
Inganda zinjira (AM) itanga inyungu nyinshi munganda. Izi nyungu zibigira imikino yumukino mumusaruro wagezweho.
Kugabanya imyanda
Nkoresha gusa ibikoresho bikenewe kubicuruzwa byanyuma. Ubu buryo bugabanya cyane imyanda ugereranije nuburyo gakondo.
Geometries igoye nibishushanyo mbonera
Ndi indashyikirwa muguteza imiterere igoye. Irashobora gutanga ibice bidashoboka gukora muburyo busanzwe.
Imiyoboro y'imbere
Imiterere ya Lattice
Imiterere kama
Ibihe Byihuta
Rapid Prototyping ihinduka impamo. Iremerera byihuse niterambere ryibicuruzwa byihuse.
| Prototyping | Prototyping Am prototyping |
| Ibyumweru kugeza amezi | Amasaha ku minsi |
| Intambwe nyinshi | Inzira imwe |
| Ibiciro byinshi | Nta gitabo |
Igiciro gito
Ndimurika mu gutanga umusaruro muto. Ikuraho ibishoboka byose cyangwa ibikoresho bihenze.
Kunoza birambye
Kugabanuka mu myanda isobanura kugirango iramba. Ndimo kubungabunga umutungo n'imbaraga.
Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imbaga
Amfasha ibicuruzwa bidoda kubyo umuntu akeneye. Ibi bifungura uburyo bushya mubice bitandukanye:
Gushyira mu buvuzi
Imitako yihariye
Ibicuruzwa byihariye
Ibibi byo Gukora Gukora
Mugihe cyo gukora ibikorwa (AM) itanga inyungu nyinshi, ifite nayo ntarengwa. Gusobanukirwa ibi bikoresho ni ngombwa kugirango usabe neza.
Amahitamo make
Nkoresha ibikoresho bike kuruta uburyo bwo gukuramo. Uku kubuza birashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze yayo munganda runaka.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe:
Thermoplastics
Ibyuma bimwe
Ceramic
Gahoro gahoro umusaruro mwinshi
Ndi indashyikirwa mubyiciro bito ariko birata umusaruro mwinshi. Uburyo gakondo akenshi bugera kubunini bunini.
| Umusaruro wumusaruro | ndihuta | umuvuduko gakondo |
| Nto (1-100) | Byihuse | Gahoro |
| Hagati (100-1000) | Gushyira mu gaciro | Byihuse |
| Binini (1000+) | Gahoro | Byihuta cyane |
Ikiguzi kinini gipima
Kumusaruro mwinshi, am irashobora kuba ihenze. Igiciro kuri buri gice ntabwo gigabanya cyane hamwe nijwi.
Igice cyo hepfo neza no kurangiza
Am Ibice birashobora kugira ibisobanuro byo hasi kuruta ibyakozwe. Ubuso bwabo burangiza akenshi bisaba gutera imbere.
Ibibazo bikomeye byo kwihanganira
Kugera ku kwihanganira kwihanganira biragoye kuri am. Ibi birashobora kuba ikibazo kubice bikeneye gusobanuka.
Ibisabwa nyuma yo gutunganya
Ibice byinshi bikenera akazi k'inyongera nyuma yo gucapa. Ibi byongeraho umwanya nibiciro kumikorere.
Intambwe zisanzwe zo gutunganya:
Inganda zikuramo ni iki?
Inganda zimurika (SM) zitera ibintu mugukuraho ibikoresho biva kuri blok ikomeye. Nuburyo gakondo bukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye.
Amateka magufi
SM Amatariki asubira mubihe bya kera. Ingero zambere zirimo kubaza amabuye no guhumeka. Ibigezweho sm byahindutse hamwe na revolution yinganda, biganisha kubikoresho byiza byimashini.
Uburyo ikora
Sm itangirana nigikoresho kinini. Imashini cyangwa ibikoresho noneho bigabanya ibikoresho birenga kugirango ukore imiterere yifuzwa.
Ubuhanga Rusange
CNC
Igenzura rya mudasobwa (CNC) rikoresha amabwiriza ya gahunda yo gukuraho ibikoresho.
Gusya: Gukata ibikoresho ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka
Guhinduka: shusho ibice bya silindrike uzenguruka aho ukora
Gucukura: Gushiraho umwobo mubikoresho
Gukata Laser
Ubu buhanga bukoresha laser ikoreshwa cyane kugirango bagabanye ibikoresho. Birasobanutse kandi birakora kubikoresho bitandukanye.
Gutema Wabjet
Gukata kw'amazi bikoresha amazi yigitutu, akenshi uvanze nibice bibi, kugirango bigabanye ibikoresho.
Gukata plasma
Gukata plasma gushonga ibikoresho ukoresheje gaze itwara amashanyarazi. Nibyiza gutema icyuma.
Gusohora amashanyarazi (EDM)
EDM ikoresha induru y'amashanyarazi kugirango ikureho ibikoresho. Nibyiza kubinyabuzima bikomeye hamwe nigicucu kitoroshye.
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Inzira yo gusiga
Gusya: ikoresha ibiziga bya ABSISVER KUBA AMASOKO YIZA
Gusubiramo: kwaguka kandi birangira umwobo
Kurambirana: Kugura umwobo hamwe nibikoresho byo gukata ingingo
Amahame ya EDM
EDM ikora mugushiraho ibishishwa byamashanyarazi hagati ya electrode hamwe nakazi.
Laser Gutema Ibipimo
Ibipimo bya Waterpet
Igitutu: Mubisanzwe 60.000 PSI cyangwa irenga
Igipimo cya Abrasive Igipimo: Ingaruka zo gukata umuvuduko nubwiza
Diameter ya Nozzle: Ingaruka zo kugabanya ubugari no gusobanuka
Ibyiza byo gukora gukora neza
Inganda zimurika (SM) itanga inyungu nyinshi munganda. Izi nyungu zigira uburyo bukomeye mu musaruro wa none.
Ibintu byinshi bifatika
Sm ikorana nibikoresho bitandukanye:
Ibyuma (Icyuma, Aluminum, Titanium)
Plastike (ABS, PVC, Acrylic)
Abatumirwa (CARBON fibre, fiberglass)
Inkwi
Ikirahure
Ibuye
Ubu buryo butandukanyemerera sM guhura nibikenewe bitandukanye.
Ukuri gukomeye no gusobanuka
SM Blotls mugukora ibice nyabyo. Igera ku bwitonge bukomeye, akenshi nka nto nka santimetero 0.001.
| Tekinike | Ubusanzwe Kwihanganira |
| Gusw | 0.0005 ' |
| EDM | 0.0001 ' |
| Gukata Laser | 0.003 ' |
Ubutaka buhebuje burarangiye
Sm itanga ibice hamwe nubunini buhebuje. Ibi akenshi bikuraho gukenera inzira yo kurangiza.
Byihuta cyane
Kubisa byinshi, sm outpaces uburyo bwo kongeramo:
Imashini nyinshi za CNC zikora vuba
Igikoresho cyikora gihinduka kigabanya igihe cyo hasi
Ibikorwa icyarimwe mubice bitandukanye
Igiciro Cyiciro Cyane Cyane
SM iba myinshi mubukungu mugihe ingano yumusaruro iriyongera. Ibiciro byashyizweho mbere byahagaritswe nigipimo cyihuse cyumusaruro.
Igice kinini cy'igice
Sm kuvura byoroshye ibice binini. Nibyiza ko inganda zisaba ibice:
Ibibi byo gukora neza
Mugihe inganda zimurika (sm) zitanga inyungu nyinshi, ifite nayo ntarengwa. Gusobanukirwa ibi bikoresho ni ngombwa kugirango usabe neza.
Imyanda yo hejuru
Sm yakuyeho ibikoresho byo gukora ibice. Iyi nzira itanga imyanda ikomeye:
Kugeza kuri 90% yibintu birashobora guhinduka mubihe bimwe
Gutunganya amahitamo birashobora kuba bike kubikoresho bimwe
Kwiyongera ku bidukikije kubera guta imyanda
Ibyaremwe bya geometrie
SM Urugamba rufite ibishushanyo bifatika:
Imyuka y'imbere iragoye kubyara
Imiterere imwe irashobora gusaba setupuke nyinshi cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye
Ibintu bimwe bigoye bishobora kuba bidashoboka ku mashini
Ibihe birebire hamwe nibiciro byo hejuru
Sm akenshi bisaba kwitegura cyane:
| Ingaruka | mubintu |
| Guhitamo ibikoresho | Kutwara igihe |
| Porogaramu | Bisaba ubuhanga |
| Kurema Ibiremwa | Ikiguzi cyinyongera |
Igishushanyo mbonera
Guhindura ibishushanyo muri sm birashobora kuba bihenze:
Impinduka zirashobora gusaba ibikoresho bishya
Imashini za Regraming zikunze gukenerwa
Gushiraho bihari birashobora guhinduka
IBISABWA BYINSHI BIKORESHEJWE
Imashini za Sm zisaba abakora ubuhanga:
Igikoresho cyo kwambara no gusimbuza ibiciro
SM Ibikoresho Byangiza Igihe:
Gusimbuza Ibikoresho bisanzwe birakenewe
Ibikoresho byiza-bimaze kuba bihenze
Ibikoresho byambarwa birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere
Kugereranya na Adspotive VS. Inganda
| zifata | ibisabwa Inganda | zifata inganda |
| Inzira | Yubaka ibintu wongeyeho ibice | Kuraho ibikoresho kuva igice kinini kugirango ukore ibintu |
| Imyanda | Imyanda mike | Imyanda myinshi |
| Ibikoresho bisoza | Kugarukira (cyane cyane plastike hamwe nibyuma bimwe) | Intera nini (ibyuma, plastike, ibiti, ikirahure, ibuye) |
| Bigoye | Irashobora kubyara cyane kandi bigoye kuri geometries | Byiza bikwiranye na geometries yoroshye ugereranije |
| Ukuri | Ntibisanzwe (kwihanganira nka mm 0.100) | Byinshi (kwihanganira gukomera nka mm 0.025 mm) |
| Umusaruro | Bikwiranye nibice bito | Nibyiza kubisaruro binini biruka |
| Umuvuduko | Gahoro gahoro | Byihuse kubijwi kinini |
| Igiciro | Ibiciro byinshi-byiza kugirango bike | Ibiciro byinshi-byiza kubijyanye nibyinshi |
| Gushushanya guhinduka | Guhindura Byinshi Kuri Gushushanya | Bike byoroshye kubishushanyo mbonera |
| Kurangiza | Akenshi bisaba gutunganya | Irashobora kubyara neza |
| Ubuhanga bwo gufata | Bisaba abakora ubuhanga buke | Bisaba abakora ubuhanga buke |
| Ibikoresho bigura | Ibikoresho byo hasi byambere | Ibikoresho byo hejuru byambere |
| Igikoresho | Ibikoresho bike bisabwa | Ibikoresho byinshi bikenewe |
| Kuramba | Birambye kubera imyanda idahwitse | Birambye kubera imyanda yibintu |
| IBIKURIKIRA | Irashobora gukora byoroshye ibintu byimbere | Bigoye gukora ibintu byimbere |
| Ingano | Mubisanzwe bigarukira kubice bito | Irashobora kubyara ibice binini |
| Nyuma yo gutunganya | Akenshi bisaba intambwe nyinshi | Urwego rwo hejuru nyuma yimikorere ya mbere |
Ibikorwa bya Hybrid
Inganda za Hybrid zihuza ibikorwa (am) hamwe no gufata neza (sm). Ubu buryo bugabanya imbaraga zuburyo bushobora, gukora ubuhanga bukomeye mubikorwa.
Ibisobanuro n'inyungu
Inzira ya Hybrid ihungabamo am na sm tekinike:
Inyungu zirimo:
Kwiyongera gukurura
Kunoza ibikoresho
Igabana igice cyiza
Urugero Inzira Yatemba:
3d icapa imiterere hafi-
CNC imashini zikoreshwa neza
Igipolonye cyo hejuru hejuru
Porogaramu rusange
Inganda zigenda zirushaho kuba indashyikirwa mu turere dutandukanye:
| gusaba | Inyungu zo |
| Igikoresho | Ibishushanyo bigoye hamwe no kwihanganira |
| Jigs na Fixture | Imiterere yihariye hamwe ninyuma iramba |
| Ibice byo hejuru | Geometries igoye hamwe nibiranga neza |
Inganda zikoresha inzira ya Hybrid:
Guhitamo hagati yo kongeramo no gukuramo
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye buterwa nibintu bitandukanye. Buri gikorwa gitanga inyungu zitandukanye, rero ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze amahitamo yawe asabwa.
Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhisemo uburyo bwo gukora
Ibisabwa
Guhitamo ibikoresho bifite uruhare runini. Inganda zinjira (AM) mubisanzwe ikora neza hamwe na plastike hamwe ninama zimwe, mugihe inganda zikuramo (sm) zirashobora gukemura ibibazo byinshi, harimo ibikoresho byinshi, harimo na cyuma, ibishushanyo, ibiti, ibiti, n'ikirahure, ibiti, nibirahure. Niba ukeneye ibikoresho bikomeye kuri-imashini cyangwa kuramba hejuru, sm akenshi ni yo nzira nziza.
Igice cyoroshye nigishushanyo
Kubishushanyo bifatika hamwe na geometries igoye-nka keomet yimbere cyangwa imbonankubone-ari indashyikirwa, yemerera kwitega ku mutima. SM, mugihe nyabaranga, ashobora guhangana nibishushanyo bigoye cyane. Nibyiza gukwiranye na geometries yoroshye cyangwa hagati aho kwihanganira gukomeye bikenewe.
Umusaruro wumusaruro no gucika intege
AM nibyiza ko ari hasi kubunini bwo hagati, nkibisanzwe bya prototyping cyangwa umusaruro muto. Kubyara kinini, sm birakora neza cyane, cyane cyane mugihe bitanga ibihumbi bimwe. Mugihe ingano yumusaruro iriyongera, imikorere-ikiciro cya SM iba isobanutse.
Kugeza igihe n'igihe-ku isoko
Imishinga isaba umwanya muto wo kubyungukiramo bitewe na setup ntoya no kwihindura byihuse kuva kumurongo. Kugirango umusaruro unini wiruka, ariko, sm urashobora gutanga ibihe byinjira mubyiciro bimaze kuba byuzuye, cyane cyane kubice by'icyuma.
Ingengo yimari nimbogamizi
AM imeze neza kubice bito, bigoye, cyane cyane iyo prototyping. Ariko, sm iba myinshi mubukungu kubice binini cyangwa Umubumbe wo hejuru. Gushiraho ibiciro nigiciro kuri buri gice kigabanuka nkuko amajwi yiyongera muri sm.
Ibitego birambye
Am Ibidukikije bidakunze, bituma ari amahitamo arambye. SM, mugihe byihuse kubikorwa binini, bitanga imyanda ikomeye muburyo bwa chip cyangwa ibisigazwa. Niba birambye ni ikintu cyingenzi, am irashobora kuba nziza.
Icyemezo Matrix yo kongeramo na Gukora Gukora
Matrix ikurikira itanga igereranya ryihuse kubintu bigufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza:
| Ikintu | cyo kongera gukora (am) | inganda zifata (sm) |
| Intera | Bigarukira (cyane cyane plastiki, ibyuma bimwe) | Ubugari (ibyuma, plastike, ibiti, ikirahure) |
| Igice | Amaboko akomeye, ibishushanyo mbonera | Byiza kuri simpler, nyakabue |
| Umusaruro | Byiza kuri stch, prototyping | Gukora neza |
| Umwanya wo kuyobora | Gushiraho byihuse, guhinduka vuba | Gahoro gahoro, byihuse kubikorwa binini |
| Igiciro | Bihenze kubice binini cyangwa ibyuma | Ibiciro byinshi-bifite akamaro murwego rwo hejuru |
| Kuramba | Imyanda idakabije, irambye | Imyanda ikomeye, irambye |
Koresha iyi matrix kugirango uhuza ibyo umushinga ukeneye nimbaraga zuburyo buri buryo bwo gukora.
Ibikorwa byukuri byisi byo kugoreka no gukuramo
Inganda zo gukora (am) hamwe no gukora ibikorwa bikure (sm) bikinisha inshingano zingenzi munganda zitandukanye. Porogaramu zabo zikomeje kwaguka no guhinduka.
Aerospace na Ailiation
AM: Ibigize byoroheje, geometries igoye
SM: Ibice bya moteri yo hejuru, ibintu byubaka
Inganda zimodoka
AM: Porototyping Prototyping, ibice byihuse
Sm: moteri ya moteri, ibice byohereza
Ubuvuzi na amenyo
AM: Gutera Ibishishwa, Proshetics
SM: Ibikoresho byo kubaga, amakamba amenyo
Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
AM: ibicuruzwa byihariye, ibintu bito
Sm: Gutwara terefone, ibice bya mudasobwa igendanwa
Imashini zinganda hamwe nigikoresho
Ubwubatsi no kubaka
AM: Igipimo cyintoki, ibintu byo gushushanya
Sm: ibice byubatswe, ahantu nyaburanga
Umwanzuro
Kwiyongera no Gukora Gukora buri wese bifite imbaraga nintege nke zidasanzwe. Am indashyikirwa mubishushanyo bigoye no kwitondera. SM itanga ubushishozi nibikoresho bitandukanye.
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ningirakamaro mu gufata ibyemezo bifatika. Reba ibyo umushinga wawe ukeneye mugihe uhisemo uburyo.
Gusuzuma ibintu nkibikoresho, bigoye, ingano, nibiciro. Ibi bizagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gukora intego zawe.
