Precision ni ingenzi mu gukora, ariko nigute ibigo byemeza neza nta bishushanyo bikabije? Injira ISO 2768.
ISO 2768 itanga uburwayi rusange bwibice byafashwe, byorohereza ibishushanyo bya tekiniki no kuzamura ifaranga rikora neza. Kwihanganira ningirakamaro mugukoresha igice cyigice no guharanira imikorere.
Iki gitabo gikubiyemo ibice bibiri bya ISO 2768: linear / kwihanganira (igice cya 1) na geometrike (igice cya 2). Uziga uburyo aya mahame afasha kugabanya amakosa, kugabanya ibiciro, no kunoza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasobanura impamvu ibibazo bya ISO 2768 nuburyo bigenda byumvikana muburyo bukora ku isi.
ISO 2768?
ISO 2768 (uzwi kandi nka iso2768 cyangwa din ISO 2768) ni amahame mpuzamahanga ahindura kwihanganira gutondekanya no koroshya ibishushanyo bya tekiniki. Sisitemu yuzuye yo kwihanganira itanga ubudahangazi rusange nintangarugero, bigatuma ari ngombwa kugirango uhangane na CNC kwihanganira hamwe no kwihanganira ibintu bisanzwe muri MM.
Ibice byingenzi
Ibipimo bigizwe nibice bibiri byibanze, bisobanura ko hazwi cyane kandi bisabwa kwihanganira:
ISO 2768-1 : Igenzura umurongo upima binyuze mumasomo ane yo kwihanganira ashingiye ku mbonerahamwe yororerwa:
ISO 2768-2 : Gucunga ubuziranenge bwa geometricial binyuze mumasomo atatu:
Ihuriro rusange ririmo ISO 2768-Mk, ISO 2768-ML, na ISO 2768-m, hamwe na ISO 2768 MK ikunzwe cyane cyane muri porogaramu zishinzwe kwihanganira imashini.
Intego y'ibanze
ISO 2768 ikora imirimo myinshi yingenzi mugukora:
Streamling tekiniki yerekana ibisobanuro mugukuraho ibintu byihanganira umuntu
Kwemeza ubuzima buhamye bwo kugarura umusaruro hirya no hino
Kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro binyuze muburyo busanzwe bwo kwihanganira
Korohereza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga hagati yabafatanyabikorwa
Kugabanya igishushanyo mbonera ukoresheje umurongo ngenderwaho uhuriweho
Inganda
Inganda
Ibipimo bisanga usaba byinshi munganda zinyuranye:
CNC
Iremeza gukora neza kugirango bihuze bikomeye kandi inteko
Iburiza ibipimo byiza byujuje ubuziranenge kumusaruro mwinshi
Gushoboza neza ibikururwa bishingiye ku nyirubwite rusanzwe
Igikoresho na mold-gukora
Ingwate zisobanutse neza hagati y'ibikoresho bya Mold n'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma
Ishyiraho ibipimo bimwe kubikoresho byambara indishyi
Komeza gushikama gushika ku nzongu nyinshi
Ubwubatsi no kubaka
Ibisanzwe Kwihanganira Ibice byo Kunoza Inteko Yubaka
Kwemeza neza ibintu bifatika hagati yibintu byubwubatsi
Kubungabunga ibipimo byumutekano binyuze mubugenzuzi busobanutse
Inganda rusange
Uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga umusaruro binyuze mubikorwa bisanzwe byo kugenzura ubuziranenge
Kugabanya imyanda mugushiraho ibipimo byerekana neza
Kunoza ibicuruzwa bihuje nibicuruzwa ahantu hatandukanye
Igishushanyo cy'inganda
Kuyobora abashushanya kugirango barenza ibicuruzwa bihurira ibipimo byiza
Korohereza itumanaho hagati yuburyo bwo gushushanya no gukora umusaruro
Gushoboza neza prototyping no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa
ISO 2768 Igice cya 1: Umurongo ninzego zingumi
ISO 2768-1 itanga ubuhangane rusange bwumurongo ningagi, gukuraho gukenera kugereranya kugiti cye. Irimo ibipimo byinshi, nka ingano yo hanze, Radii, diameters, na banama. Ukoresheje kwihanganira bisanzwe, abakora bagabanya amakosa no kunoza imikorere yumusaruro mugihe ukomeje imikorere yigice.
Incamake ya ISO 2768-1
Iki gice cyibanze kikemura ibintu byinshi:
Ibipimo byo hanze bivuguruza ibigize byinshi
Ibipimo by'imbere bisobanura ibyobo, ibibanza, n'ibiranga imbere
Intambwe nini igena impinduka ziyongera
Diamest yerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho
Intera ishyiraho spacing hagati yibiranga
Outdii yo hanze isobanura ibisobanuro byikirere
Chamfer Height igenzura impinduka
Icyiciro cyo kwihanganira
ISO 2768-1 itangiza amasomo ane yitonda, buri wese akorera ibisabwa muburyo bwiza:
Byiza (f) kwihanganira
Gutanga neza neza bikwiranye na Filime Yukuri
Shyigikira amateraniro akomeye asaba itandukaniro riringaniye
Gushoboza neza guhuza ibintu byakanishi
Hagati (m) kwihanganira
Itanga uburinganire bwuzuye kubikorwa bisanzwe
Itanga igisubizo cyiza-cyo gukemura ibibazo rusange
Ikomeza kugenzura ibipimo byumvikana nta biciro birenze
Coarse (c) kwihanganira
Ibigize ibice nta bisabwa bifatika
Kugabanya ibiciro byo gukora binyuze muburyo buruhutse
Shyigikira ibintu byinshi
Coarse cyane (V)
Yakira ibisabwa bidasanzwe
Kugwiza gukora neza binyuze mu kwihanganira kwagutse
Kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro kubice byibanze
urutonde
| byo | guhuza | Ibikoresho | | |
| 0.5 kugeza kuri 3 | ± 0.05 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.2 | - |
| Hejuru ya 3 kugeza kuri 6 | ± 0.05 | ± 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Hejuru ya 6 kugeza 30 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Hejuru ya 30 kugeza 120 | ± 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Hejuru ya 120 kugeza 400 | ± 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2. 2.5 |
| Hejuru ya 400 kugeza 1000 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 2. 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Hejuru ya 1000 kugeza 2000 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3. 3.0 | 6.0 |
| Hejuru ya 2000 kugeza 4000 | - | 2. 2.0 | 4.0 | ± 8.0 |
Ibi bikoresho bifasha abakora:
Hitamo kwihanganira kwihanganira ukurikije ibisabwa byimikorere
Kuringaniza ubusobanuro bwo kwirinda ibiciro byo gukora
Komeza ubuziranenge buhamye mumusaruro bukora
Outdii yo hanze na chamfer Heights
Ibipimo bisobanura kwihanganira ibintu bigoramye:
| Ingano ya Range (MM) | neza / Hagati (± MM) | Coarse / Coarse (± MM) |
| 0.5-3 | ± 0.2 | 0.4 |
| 3-6 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| > 6 | 1.0 | 2. 2.0 |
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi byo gushyira mu bikorwa birimo:
Ubuso burangiza ibisabwa bigira ingaruka ku mico igerwaho
Uburyo bwo gukora bugira ingaruka ku guhitamo
Ibikoresho bifatika bigira ingaruka ku gipimo gihamye
Igenzura ry'inguni
Kwihanganira inguni Kurikira Ibipimo by'ibipimo bitandukanye:
| intera ndende (mm) | neza / hagati | rwose | . |
| ≤10 | 1 ° | 1 ° 30 ° 30 ' | ± 3 ° |
| 10-50 | ± 0 ° 30 ' | 1 ° | ± 2 ° |
| 50-120 | ± 0 ° 20 ' | ± 0 ° 30 ' | 1 ° |
| 120-400 | ± 0 ° 10 ' | ± 0 ° 15 ' | ± 0 ° 30 ' |
Ibi bisobanuro byerekana:
ISO 2768 Igice cya 2: Kwihanganira Geometrike kubiranga
ISO 2768-2 itanga umurongo ngenderwaho mubirori rusange bya geometrike nta bisobanuro byihariye kubishushanyo. Irimo ibintu byingenzi nkibigororotse, muburyo bugororotse, perpendicularty, guhuza, kandi umuzenguruko wahunze. Mugushinga uburwayi, abakora neza ko ibice byujuje ibisabwa mugihe bigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro no gukora umusaruro.
Incamake ya ISO 2768-2
Aderesi isanzwe ikemura ibibazo bya geometrike:
Ubuso Bwihariye Byihariye kubikorwa byiza byimikorere
Ibisabwa neza Guhuza neza mu nteko
Kuri perpendiculartity igenzura kugirango umubano mwiza
Ibisobanuro byumurongo bikomeza kugabanyirizwa ibintu biringaniye
Uruziga rwarumiwe rugabanya kugenzura neza ukuri
Icyiciro cyo kwihanganira
ISO 2768-2 isobanura amasomo atatu yihanganirana ashingiye kubisabwa kugirango abeho ibisabwa:
H-Concerance
Itanga igenzura ryinshi ryibintu bikomeye bya geometrike
Iremeza neza ukuri mu buryo buhanitse
Ikomeza kubahiriza gahunda ya geometric
K-Toprance
Itanga ibisobanuro byuzuye kubikorwa bisanzwe
Itanga igenzura ryiza rya geometrike muri porogaramu rusange
Gushyigikira umusaruro ukora neza mugihe ukomeza ibipimo byiza
L-urwego rwo kwihanganira
Emerera Geometero ya Geometrike Ibice bitari kunegura
Kugabanya ibiciro byo gukora binyuze muburyo buruhutse
Komeza imikorere yibanze mugihe cyo gukora umusaruro mwinshi
Igororoka no gufunga ibisobanuro
| hasi (mm) | h (mm) | k (mm) | l (mm) |
| ≤10 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| 10-30 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 30-100 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| 100-300 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| 300-1000 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
| 1000-3000 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
Ibitekerezo byo gushyira mu bikorwa:
Ubuso burangiza ingaruka zigezweho zo kwihanganira
Uburyo bwo gukora bugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kugenzura
Ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kuri Geometrike
Kuringaniza kuringaniza
| (MM) | H (mm) | k (mm) | l (mm) |
| ≤100 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| 100-300 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| 300-1000 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| 1000-3000 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
Porogaramu nyamukuru zirimo:
Uburebure busabwa
| (MM) | H (mm) | k (mm) | l (mm) |
| ≤100 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 100-300 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| 300-1000 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| 1000-3000 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
Ibitekerezo byingenzi:
Gukwirakwiza ibiranga hejuru yindege
Impirimbanyi zingana kugirango zizenguruke
Ibikoresho byiza byo kugaragara hejuru
Uruziga Rugenda ruhuza amakuru
| yihanganira igice | ntarengwa (MM) |
| H | 0.1 |
| K | 0.2 |
| L | 0.5 |
Porogaramu Zoneye:
Kuzunguruka
Kugira ubuso
Ibisabwa
Amabwiriza yo gushyira mu bikorwa
Kugirango ukore neza:
Hitamo amasomo akwiye yitonda ukurikije ibisabwa
Reba ubushobozi bwo gukora mugihe ugaragaza kwihanganira geometrike
Kuringaniza Ibisabwa
Inyandiko Ibisabwa bidasanzwe birenze ibisobanuro bisanzwe
Komeza Porotokone yo gupima
Binyuze mubikorwa bya ISO 2768-2, abakora barashobora:
Aya mafranga ya geometrike atanga igenzura ryingenzi mugukomeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo guhitamo gukora neza mubisabwa byinganda zinyuranye.
Nigute wasaba ISO 2768 kuri tekiniki
Ibishushanyo byubwubatsi bisaba ibisobanuro byukuri kugirango habeho ibisubizo byo gukora neza. ISO 2768 itanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo gusobanura itandukaniro ryemewe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bisabwa bifasha injeniyeri guhitamo ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no gutanga umusaruro.
Akamaro ko kwihanganira
Ibisobanuro bikwiye byo kwihanganira ingaruka itaziguye ibintu byinshi byo gukora intsinzi. Ba injeniyeri bagomba gushyira mu gaciro ibisabwa kugirango ubushobozi bwabaturage. Inyandiko zisobanutse zirikumira amakosa ahenze mugihe uteguwe neza.
Amakipe yo gukora yishingikiriza ku makuru yishyurwa kuri:
Shiraho ibipimo bifatika bishingiye ku bisabwa byihariye
Hitamo ibikoresho biryoha hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura kugirango ugenzurwe neza
Kugena ibyakozwe byemewe bidasanzwe utabangamiye ibicuruzwa
Kugenzura ibiciro ukoresheje ibisobanuro byishyurwa byoroshye
Compressor Will Kwiga
Umuyoboro wa moteri y'ibinyabiziga ugaragaza neza ISO 2768. Ibi bigize bihuza na ac compressor kuri moteri guhagarika moteri, bisaba gusuzuma witonze ibisabwa bidasanzwe.
Kumenya ibintu bikomeye
Isesengura rya prototype ryagaragaje ko uturere twingenzi dusaba kugenzura byihariye:
Moteri yinzitizi isaba umwanya usobanutse kugirango uhuze kandi Inteko
Inyungu Zihuza Ibigize Gukenera Kugenzurwa Kubwicana neza
Urubavu rusaba Igenzura ryibanze kugirango ribungabunge ubunyangamugayo
Indege yerekanwe Shiraho Tatumu ikomeye yo gupima ibindi biranga
Inshingano yo kwihanganira
Itsinda ryubwubatsi ryahaye amasomo yihanganira ishingiye kumikorere:
| ibiranga | mucyiciro | ibitekerezo byo |
| Imyobo | Byiza | Guhuza bikomeye byemeza ko guterana no gukora |
| Uburebure | Giciriritse | Kuringaniza neza Ibigize Imigaragarire Ibice |
| IMITERERE | Coarse | Igenzura ryibanze ritanga imbaraga zihagije |
| Umubiri nyamukuru | Coarse | Ibipimo rusange bikomeza ibisabwa muri rusange |
Gucunga imanza zidasanzwe
Kurenga kwihanganira ibintu bisanzwe
ISO 2768 itanga umurongo ngenderwaho rusange, ariko ibihe bimwe na bimwe bisaba ibisobanuro bikomeye:
Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka usaba igenzura rya geometrike neza kubikorwa bikwiye
Ibiranga umutekano bikenewe byiyongera neza kubintu byizewe
Gusobanuka neza placcalics isaba kwihanganira umwanya ugereranije kuruta ibisobanuro bisanzwe
Umutwe uhagarika ibisabwa
Amakipe yo Gukora agomba gusuzuma umutwe ushushanya kugirango ubone amakuru yuzuye:
Mburabuzi ISO 2768 Kwihanganira Ishuri Rikuru Gukora Inganda rusange
Ibisabwa bidasanzwe byoroherwa birenze ibisobanuro bisanzwe mugihe byerekanwe
Guhindura imiterere-yihariye kwakira inyandiko zisobanutse mubice byagenwe
Ibisobanuro bigenzura neza bisobanura ibisabwa kugenzura no kwemerwa
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu byatsinze
Ba injeniyeri bagomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi mugihe usaba ISO 2768:
Ubushobozi bwo gukora buhari bugira ingaruka ku nyirubwite
Ibiranga ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cya kabiri mugihe cyo gukora
Ibidukikije Ibidukikije Ingaruka Gupima neza no gutandukana
Umusaruro Ushobora Guhuza Guhitamo Ubukungu
Inyungu zo gukoresha ISO 2768
ISO 2768 bizana ibyiza byinshi mubikorwa bigezweho. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rifasha ibigo kugera ku bwiza, amafaranga yo hasi, no kunoza imikorere. Reka dusuzume izi nyungu zingenzi.
Guhuza ibice
Ibice byatanzwe mubice bitandukanye bigomba guhuza neza. ISO 2768 ituma ibi bishoboka mugushiraho amategeko asobanutse yo gutandukana. Iyo abakora bakurikije aya mategeko:
Ibice bivuye kubitanga bitandukanye bihuye hamwe bidakenewe guhinduka
Imirongo yinteko ikora neza kuko ibice bihuye burigihe buri gihe
Ibice byo gusimbuza bikora neza mugihe ibice bishaje bakeneye guhinduka
Igishushanyo mpuruwe
Injeniyeri kwisi yose bavuga ururimi rumwe binyuze muri ISO 2768. Iyi myumvire isanzwe ifasha:
Gushushanya amakipe irema ibishushanyo bisobanutse buriwese yumva
Abagize itsinda rishya bakoresheje vuba ibikorwa bisanzwe
Amashami atandukanye akorana neza
Bitekerezeho nkigitabo cya resept - mugihe buriwese akoresha ibipimo bimwe, ibisubizo bikomeza gushikama.
Igenzura ryiza
ISO 2768 itanga igenzura igice cyoroshye kandi cyizewe. Amakipe yungukirwa na:
| Gutezimbere | meza |
| Kugenzura | Gukuramo Pass / Kunanirwa Ibipimo Kubipimo |
| Inyandiko | Imiterere isanzwe yo gufata amajwi |
| Amahugurwa | Amabwiriza yoroshye kubakozi beza |
| Guhuzagurika | Ibipimo ngenderwaho kimwe |
Kugabanya ibiciro
Gukoresha ubwenge bwa ISO 2768 bikiza amafaranga muburyo bwinshi:
Gukora biba byihuse mugugabanya ibisabwa bidakenewe
Imyanda itabuze kuko ibisabwa byitonda bihuye nibyo
Ibice bike byanze mugihe cyo kugenzura
Ibiciro byamahugurwa bigabanuka binyuze muburyo busanzwe
Guhuza International
Ubucuruzi bukoroherwa n'imipaka. ISO 2768 ifasha na:
Gushiraho ikizere hagati yabafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga
Kugabanya urujijo mugihe ukorana nabatanga isoko mumahanga
Gukora byoroshye kugurisha ibicuruzwa mubihugu bitandukanye
Gushyigikira ibikorwa byo gukora ku isi
Ingaruka NYAKURI
Ibigo ukoresheje ISO 2768 reba Inyungu Zifatika:
Umusaruro wiyongera kuko buriwese yumva ibisabwa
Ibice bihuye neza bwa mbere, kugabanya ibibazo byiterana
Kunyurwa kwabakiriya imbere binyuze muburyo buhoraho
Ubucuruzi burangwa no mumasoko mpuzamahanga
Kubikora
Kugirango ubone izindi nyungu, ibigo bigomba:
Hugura amakipe yabo kumahame ya ISO 2768
Vugurura ibishushanyo byabo bya tekiniki kugirango ushiremo kwihanganira
Koresha ibikoresho byiza byo gupima ibice
Komeza inyandiko nziza ya cheque nziza
Izi ntambwe zoroshye zifasha ubucuruzi gukora ibicuruzwa byiza mugihe uzigama igihe namafaranga. ISO 2768 birasa nkaho bigoye mbere, ariko inyungu zayo zituma ikwiye kwiga no gukoresha.
Ibindi byemezo no kubyemewe bisa na ISO 2768
Indangamuntu yo gukora irasaba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Mugihe ISO 2768 yibanda ku kwihanganira ibipimo, izindi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ibintu bigari, umutekano, no gukora neza.
ISO 9001: Sisitemu yubuyobozi bwiza
ISO 9001 ishyiraho ibisabwa byuzuye ubuziranenge kunganda. Iri tegeko:
Yerekana ko wiyemeje gutunganya ibicuruzwa bihamye nibicuruzwa bihamye
Ongeraho kunyurwa nabakiriya binyuze muburyo butunganijwe
Streamlines Contileation hamwe nuburyo bwo gutumanaho imbere
Inkunga ikomeza gutera imbere muburyo bukora
ISO 14001: Ubuyobozi bwibidukikije
Gukora igezweho bigomba gusuzuma ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije. ISO 14001 itanga:
| zibandaho | Inyungu |
| Gucunga umutungo | Gukoresha ibikoresho byateguwe no kugabanya imyanda |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Kugabanya umwanda no kunoza birambye |
| Kubahiriza amategeko | Yijejwe kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije |
| Ishusho | Yongerewe izwi ku nshingano y'ibidukikije |
ISO / IEC 17025: Intandare ya Laboratoire
Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha bisaba ibipimo byihariye. ISO / IEC 17025 Aderesi:
Uburyo busobanutse bwa kalibration bugenga gupima neza ibikoresho byo kwipimisha
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwipimisha butanga ibisubizo byizewe, bisubirwamo
Sisitemu yuzuye ikurikirana ibikorwa byose bya laboratoire
Ibisabwa byumwuga kubakozi ba laboratoire
AS100: Ibisobanuro bya Aerospace
Inganda ya Aerospace irasaba neza ubushishozi budasanzwe. AS1100 yubaka kuri ISO 9001 yongeraho:
Sisitemu yo kugenzura imbaraga zindege, umwanya, nibigize kwirwanaho
Kongera ibintu byakira umusaruro wose
Amasezerano yo gucunga ibyago byo gucunga umutekano
Amabwiriza yihariye yo gutanga isoko ya Aerospace Porogaramu
ISO / TS 16949: Ibipimo byimodoka
Umusaruro wimodoka gasaba ibitekerezo byihariye. Iki gipimo cyemeza:
Ubwiza buhoraho hirya no hino ku isi
Kwirinda kwirinda binyuze muri gahunda nziza
Kugabanuka muburyo butandukanye nimyanda mubice byimodoka
Gukomeza Gutezimbere mubikorwa byo gukora
ISO 13485: Gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi
Ibicuruzwa byubuzima bisaba ubwitonzi budasanzwe. ISO 13485 itanga:
| y'ibisabwa | Intego |
| Gucunga ibyago | Ibyiringiro byumutekano byose mubuzima bwumutungo |
| Kugenzura inzira | Gutanga umusaruro uhoraho yibikoresho byubuvuzi neza |
| Inyandiko | Kurikirana Byuzuye Ibikorwa byose byo Gukora |
| Kumenyekanisha | Kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi |
Incamake
ISO 2768 zigira uruhare rukomeye mu kwemeza neza inganda zinyuranye. Koresha koroshya inzira ishushanya kandi itanga ibisobanuro muburyo bwo gukora. Mugukurikiza ISO 2768 mubishushanyo bya tekiniki, abashushanya nabakora barashobora kunonosora umusaruro, kugabanya amakosa, no kuzamura ubufatanye bwisi yose.
Gukoresha iki gipimo bifasha kugabanya minda, byongera igice cyo kubyuka, kandi bitezimbere ubushobozi bwiza. Waba urimo Imashini ya CNC , Aerospace, cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy'inganda, gusaba ISO 2768 byemeza ko ibiciro byo kugura no gusobanuka mu gihe cyo gukora igice.
