Shin ya taba yin mamaki menene ainihin tafkin farashin allurar da aka yi? Ko kuna samar da wasu 'yan ɗari ko miliyoyin bangarorin, fahimtar abubuwan da ke bayan ciyarwa na yanayi shine mabuɗin don haɓaka kasafin kuɗin ku. Daga ƙirar mold zuwa zaɓi na kayan abu da ƙarar samarwa, bari mu daddare cikin yadda zaku iya sarrafa farashi yayin da muke riƙe sakamako mai inganci.
Mene ne allurar rigakafi?
Yin allurar rigakafi shine tsarin masana'antu wanda ya shafi allurar maganganu a cikin mold don ƙirƙirar sassa. Wannan tsari yana aiki ta narkar da filastik ko wani abu, yana ba da shi cikin ƙirar da aka riga aka tsara, kuma ya ƙyale shi yayi sanyi da ƙarfi. Yana daya daga cikin dabarun da aka fi amfani da kayan aikin samar da kayan aikin filastik a adadi mai yawa.
Ta yaya tsarin yin gyara yake aiki?
Tsarin rashin ingantawa ya hada da matakai da yawa:
Kayan aiki : pellets thermoplastastic pellets, kamar su abs ko polypropylene, suna da zafi har sai sun narke.
Tsarin allura : kayan molten suna allura cikin mold a babban matsin lamba.
Sanyaya da karyatawa : kayan sanyaya ƙasa, da wuyansu, kuma suna ɗaukar sifar mold.
Ke : An fitar da sashin haddi daga mold, kammala zagaye guda.
Abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin daidaitaccen tsari
Mold : Mold shine kayan aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana yin su ne daga ƙarfe kuma ya ƙunshi biyu.
Mallaka abu : An yi yawancin molds daga aluminum ko karfe, gwargwadon ƙarfin samarwa da kayan aikinta.
Abubuwan zane : Tsarin molds sun haɗa da tashoshin sanyaya mai sanyaya, ejector fil, da tsarin Rusher don jagorantar kayan aikin.
Ingain insiction Molding incine : injin ya hada da wani hopper don ciyar da albarkatun kasa, ganga mai zafi don yin allurar filastik a cikin mold.
Kayan aiki : thermoplaststics, kamar polypropylene (PP) da acrylonitrile butyadiene Styrene (ABS), ana amfani dasu kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi saboda abubuwan da suka shafi su.
Me yasa allurar alluna ta dace da samar da taro
Hycles na sauri : Tsarin kewaya guda ɗaya na iya ɗaukar ƙasa da minti ɗaya, yana sa ya dace da babban gudu.
Kudin farashi : Yayinda farashin farko na farko suna da yawa, farashin kowane sashi na saukad da yawa tare da adadi mai yawa.
Babban daidaito : allurar rigakafi yana haifar da sassan da m juriya da daidaitaccen inganci, rage sharar gida.
Abubuwa waɗanda suka ƙayyade farashin kayan allura
1. Kudin kayan aiki
Fara aikin sarrafa kayan aiki
Motar galibi shine mafi girman farashin farashi a cikin allurar. Ana iya buga shi 3d, wanda aka yi shi ne daga aluminum, ko kuma aka kera shi daga ƙarfe. Farashin mold ya bambanta dangane da hadaddun, girman, da zaɓin kayan:
3D da aka buga molds : mafi kyau ga prototy ko ara-girma yana gudana, farashi daga $ 100 zuwa $ 1,000.
Aluminum mols : Ya dace da samar da ƙara tsakiyar, kashe $ 2,000 zuwa $ 5,000.
Karfe Marrs : Mafi dacewa ga samar da ƙarawa, jere daga $ 5,000 zuwa sama da $ 100,000.
Yaya tasirin wahalar rinjaye
Tsararrun mold zane-zane na iya fitar da farashi. Fasali kamar ruwan tabarau, sigari sashi, da kuma zane-zane suna ƙara yawan kayan aiki:
Lamarin da aka yi da zane-zane : An sami cikakkiyar zane-zane na iya buƙatar ci gaba da ƙirar ƙasa, wanda ke ƙara farashin.
Kashi na Kashi : Fasaha mafi girma suna buƙatar manyan molds, wanda ya fi tsada.
Molds na al'ada vs. Universal molds : Matsayin Molds daidai bayani, amma duniya molds na iya yanke farashi idan an yarda da shi.
Moldspan mai rai da karko
Mold Life ya dogara da girman samarwa da kayan samarwa. Mormologi mai girma yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarfe ne don tsoratarwa, yayin da maɓallin ƙara mai ƙarancin ƙasa zai iya amfani da alumini ko kayan haɗin 3D:
| nau'in mold | mafi kyawun amfani | da kuɗi |
| 3d buga mold | Yawan karancin gudu | $ 100 - $ 1,000 |
| Alamun Aluminum | Tsakiyar Tsakanin Rana | $ 2,000 - $ 5,000 |
| Baƙin ƙarfe m karfe | Babban girma yana gudana | $ 5,000 - $ 100,000 + |
2. Kayan aiki
Nau'in injunan Molding
Mashin daban-daban suna ba da bambance-bambancen daidaito, saurin, da tsada:
Injin injina : babban daidaito, ƙarfin kuzari, amma mafi girman farashin farko.
Injin hydraulic : injinan hydraulic: mai saurin tasiri, amma ba daidai ba.
Injinan matalauta : haɗaɗɗun duka biyun, suna ba da wuri ɗaya da karko, amma a farashi mai girma.
Farashi ya bambanta:
Smallarancin sikelin-sikelin : Machinesan tebur na iya kashe kasa da $ 10,000.
Manyan manyan-sikelin : injin masana'antu na iya wuce $ 100,000.
Cikin gida na gida vs. Fitar waje
Kasuwanci dole ne ya yanke shawarar ko don siyan injuna ko samar da bunkasa. Kowane zaɓi yana da ribobi da kuma fa'ida:
Inshonin Goma : Mafi iko akan inganci da jagoran lokuta, amma yana buƙatar mahimman mahimmancin saka jari.
Outuring : Ladadancin farashi, da kyau ga ƙananan kasuwanci, amma na iya haifar da karancin iko akan ingancin samarwa da lokacin.
| Nau'in na'ura | mafi kyau ana amfani | da kuɗi |
| Injinan dattawa | Yawan karancin gudu | <$ 10,000 |
| Na'ura masana'antu | Babban girma yana gudana | $ 50,000 - $ 200,000 + |
3. Farashi na kayan don allurar gyara
Abubuwan da aka gyara gama gari da kuma farashinsu
A zabi na kayan da muhimmanci yana shafar farashin. An yi amfani da thermoplastics mafi yawanci a cikin allurar gyada, kuma kowannensu yana da keɓaɓɓun kaddarorin da farashi:
Abs : m, m; kusan $ 1.30 a kowace kg.
Polypropylene (PP) : Haske, mai jure sinadarai; Kimanin $ 0.90 a kowace kg.
Polyethylene (pe) : M, mai tasiri, tasiri-resistator. kusan $ 1.20 a kowace kg.
Polycarbonate (PC) : mai ƙarfi, babban tsabta; Kudin $ 2.30 a kowace kg.
Zabi kayan da ya dace don aikinku
Zabi kayan da ya dogara ne akan aikace-aikacen. Ingantaccen abu dole ne daidaitaccen ƙarfi, sassauci, da jure zafin jiki ko sinadarai:
Kayayyakin abu vs. Farashi : kayan ƙaramin abu kamar PP na iya zama da kyau don sassa sauƙaƙe, yayin da suke da tsada kamar PC suka zama dole don samfuran aiki.
Tasirin ƙari : flurers da ƙari (kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko gyare-gyare na imel) suna ƙara farashin kayan aiki amma ana buƙatar tushen abubuwan samfurori amma ana buƙatar tushen bayanan samfurin.
| Mumures : | Mabysys | Maballin Samfura A kowace kg |
| Abin da | M, nauyi | $ 1.30 |
| Polypropylene (PP) | M, sinadarai na sinadarai | $ 0.90 |
| Polyethylene (pe) | Tasiri mai tsauri, sake amfani | $ 1.20 |
| Polycarbonate (PC) | Babban bayani, mai ƙarfi | $ 2.30 |
4. Aiki da farashin sabis
Aiki a cikin allurar rigakafi
Duk da cewa yawancin tsarin ingin na allurar suna sarrafa kansa, har yanzu aiki ya taka rawa. Yankunan maɓalli inda farashin aiki ya taso ya haɗa da:
Kudin saiti : Kanfigareshan farko na takamaiman sashi.
Kudin gyara : kiyayewa da sauya canzawa don injin da mold.
Kudin Kudi : Masu aiki suna kula da tsarin sarrafa kansa, tabbatar da sassan an samar dasu daidai.
Kudaden sabis na waje
A lokacin da waje, kudade masu ba da sabis na aiki da yawa ƙara zuwa jimlar farashin. Wadannan farashi sun hada da:
Sufuri da dabaru : Aikin jigilar kayayyaki daga mai bayarwa na waje.
Ikon ingancin inganci : tabbatar da sassan sun cika ka'idodi, galibi suna buƙatar ƙarin kudade.
MarkUp : Cowrers Comprers Comprers don gudanar da tsarin allurar rigakafi.
Kudin allurar rigakafi ta girma
1. Low-m
Menene more-girma girma?
Productionerarancin haɓaka haɓaka yana nufin masana'antu ƙarami, yawanci tsakanin sassan 100 zuwa 1,000. Ana amfani da shi don ƙarin umarni ko umarni na al'ada inda adadi mai yawa ba ya zama dole. Manya-batch tsari yana da kyau don gwada sabbin samfuran kafin hawa sama.
Kudaden don karancin girma ingin
Kudin molds : Don ƙarancin gudu, kasuwancin yana amfani da 3D da aka buga molds . Waɗannan su ne mafi inganci-tsada, yawanci jere daga $ 100 zuwa $ 1,000.
Farashi mai tsada : farashin kowane bangare ya fi girma a cikin mawuyacin girma saboda ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun fadin ƙasa. Misali, idan ana yin molds $ 1,000 da 100 sassan sun jawo kashi 100, kowane bangare ya jawo $ 10 a cikin farashin da kawai.
| ingantawa na | mold | Rashin | samar da |
| 100 - 1,000 sassa | 3d buga mold | $ 100 - $ 1,000 | Mafi girma ($ 4.5 +) |
Yaushe ne samar da karancin girma?
Samfurin ƙara ƙasa cikakke ne don sabon zane mai mahimmanci ko masana'antu iyakataccen samfurin yana gudana don gwajin kasuwa. Hakanan yana da amfani ga kamfanoni waɗanda suke son sassauci a cikin gyare-gyare na kayan aiki ba tare da aikata babban kundin ba.
2. Orange girma
Menene samarwar tsakar ƙasa?
Sadarwar girma yawanci yana fuskantar tsakanin 5,000 zuwa 10,000 raka'a . Ya buge ma'auni tsakanin masana'antu da kuma cikakken masana'antu. Wannan matakin samarwa yana da kyau don kasuwancin-matsakaici-matsakaiciyar neman samar da samfuri a matsakaici adadi.
Rashin fashewar farashi don haɓakar
Kudin molds : Murmushin kayan molds ana amfani da su na yawanci ana amfani dasu don samar da tsakiyar tsakiyar saboda suna yin sulhu masu tsada da ƙira. Waɗannan kuɗi masu tsada tsakanin $ 2,000 zuwa $ 5,000.
Mold wit da hawaye na alumini na aluminum na iya ramawa ga sassa dubu ɗaya kafin sa da tsagewa fara tasiri inganci. Wannan yanayin yana taimakawa iko na dogon lokaci.
| haɓakar haɓakar | haɓakar | mold | kayan |
| 5,000 - 10,000 | Alumin da aka ruwaito | $ 2,000 - $ 5,000 | Matsakaici ($ 3) |
3
Menene babban girman girma?
Hanyoyi na girma-girma yana magana ne don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan dubun dubatar da dubunnan sassa . Wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci don manyan-sikelin samarwa, da kyau ga masana'antu kamar kayayyaki masu amfani da kaya.
Kudin ingancin girma na babban girma samarwa
Morms molds : ayyukan ƙara na girma suna buƙatar molds molds , wanda aka sani da ƙarfin su da ikon sarrafa maimaitawa hawan keke. Wadannan molds suna da kuɗi sama da $ 5,000 zuwa sama da $ 100,000 , amma sun fi tsayi tsayi.
Kudin ƙasa mai tsada : kamar yadda kunar samarwa yana ƙaruwa, farashin mutum ya ragu saboda ƙayyadaddun farashi a ƙasan dubbai ko miliyoyin raka'a.
| girma girma | mold nau'in | mold farashin | kuɗi na kowane bangare |
| 10,000+ sassa | Baƙin ƙarfe m karfe | $ 5,000 - $ 100,000 + | Low ($ 1.75) |
Abubuwa masu mahimmanci don la'akari da ayyukan farko
Zabi na na'ura : Don babban girma yana gudana, zaɓi na inji (lantarki, hydraulic, ko matasan hydraulic, ko matasan hydraulic, ko matasan hydraulic, ko matasan) na iya tasiri aiki da farashi.
Zaɓin Kayan Aiki : Zabi Abubuwan da suka dace yana taimakawa wajen kula da ƙuraje da ƙananan farashi akan manyan hawan keke.
Yadda za a rage farashi mai inganci
1. Inganta zane mai narkewa
Tsara don masana'antu (DFM) ƙa'idodi
Aiwatar da ka'idodin DFM na iya rage farashin kayan kwalliyar allura ta hanyar sauƙaƙe ƙirar ƙira:
Cire abubuwan da ba dole ba : Cire hadaddun geometries, ana lullube da ba dole ba ne rage hadaddun murhun da ba shi da tsari da kuma farashin kayan masana'antu.
Sauƙaƙe ƙirar mold : fasali kamar tsararren daftarin kusurwa ko intricate na ciki yana ƙaruwa farashi. Sauƙaƙan zane-zane suna rage buƙatar ci gaba dabarun ƙirar mold, yin molds mai rahusa da sauri don samar da.
Yin amfani da Mummunan duniya
Mummunan duniya galibi ne sauƙin tsari mai tsada zuwa ga molds na al'ada:
A lokacin da za a yi amfani da morsal moldsal : masarsal molds na duniya suna da kyau lokacin da sassan suna da irin bukatun ƙira iri ɗaya, suna ba da damar wannan ƙirar da za a sake amfani da su a dukkanin ayyuka daban-daban.
Adanar da kuɗi : sassan kayan tari da kuma sauƙaƙe fasali na iya rage buƙatar buƙatun molds da yawa. Za'a iya rage farashin kayan aikin da ke ƙasa ta hanyar kawar da buƙatar ƙirƙirar molds daban don kowane bangare na musamman.
| ƙirar ƙirar mold | dabarun |
| Kawar da kayan aikin da ba dole ba | Rage rikitarwa da farashi |
| Mummunan duniya | Kadan molds, ƙananan kayan aikin kayan aiki |
2. Zabi na abu da ingantawa
Zabi ƙananan abubuwa masu tsada
Zabi kayan da ya dace shine mabuɗin don rage farashi ba tare da sasantawa ba:
Daidaitawa kudi da wasan kwaikwayo : Kayan kayan kamar ana amfani . da polypropylene saboda ƙarancin farashinsu da halaye masu kyau Abs yana kashe kusan $ 1.30 a kowace kilo, yayin da Polypropylene ke da rahusa a $ 0.90 a kowace kg.
Lokacin da za a yi amfani da kayan ƙimar kuɗi : don sassan da ke buƙatar zafi ko ƙarfin hali, kayan aikin da suka fi so na polycarbonate duk da babban farashin su.
Ragewar kayan duniya
Rage kayan sharar gida na iya ƙarancin farashi mai mahimmanci:
Inganta kauri . Wasu Takener bango suna rage amfani da kayan da ke shafar wani karfi, in ba ƙirar da ke tallafawa ta.
Amfani da hanyoyin shakatawa : Haɗa shirye-shirye masu amfani cikin masana'antu cikin masana'antun yana rage farashin kayan aiki da inganta dorewa. Scyclasticled thermoplastics na da irin wannan kaddarorin a wani ƙaramin farashi.
| Tsarin Tsarin Kayan Kayan | Aiki |
| Zabi ƙananan abubuwa masu tsada | Rage Per-Per Part |
| Rukunin Ruwa | Ƙananan farashin kayan, dorewa |
3. Kara yawan samarwa
Tattalin arzikin sikeli a cikin allurar
Inganta mafi girman kundin yana taimakawa wajen rarraba farashi a duk da ƙarin sassa, rage farashin kowane yanki:
Babban Batches ƙananan farashi : A matsayin ƙarar samarwa da ci, farashinsa na farko ana yada ƙasƙantar da adadin kuɗi mai yawa, yana lalata farashin kuɗi.
Balancing Production bukukuwan : Yayin da babban girma girma yana ba da ƙananan farashi na kowane bangare, yana da mahimmanci a daidaita haɓakar kundin da keɓancewar ƙirar da ba dole ba don guje wa farashi mai amfani.
Baturing makamancin waɗannan ayyukan tare
Hada irin wadannan ayyukan na iya kara ingancin tanadi:
| dabarun | biyan kuɗi |
| Kara yawan samarwa | Rage farashi a kowane bangare ta hanyar sikelin sikeli |
| Batching irin wannan ayyukan | Yada ƙayyadadden farashi a duk fadin raka'a |
4. Rungumi 3d buga molds don prototying
Lokacin amfani da 3D buga molds
3D da aka buga da aka buga sune ingantaccen bayani don karamin samarwa ko kuma prototying:
Short Runs da PrototyPing : Fitar da 3D na iya samar da ƙirar molds da sauri don ƙarancin haɓakawa, wanda ya kawar da buƙatar ƙimar ƙarfe masu tsada a lokacin prototy lokaci.
Farmsffffffffffffantron ci gaba mai tsada: Kudinsa na 3D wanda aka buga yana da ƙasa da sirir na gargajiya ko ƙirar Karfe, sau da yawa daga $ 100 zuwa $ 1,000 , sau da yawa daga $ 100,000, sau da yawa daga cikin $ 100,000, sau da yawa daga cikin $ 100 zuwa ga $ 100 zuwa $ 1,000, yana fitowa da shi da kyau don saurin haɓakar haɓakawa da samarwa.
Iyakantarwa na 3D buga a cikin allurar m
Yayinda 3D buga molds suna ba da tanadin kuɗi masu tsada, suma suna zuwa tare da Lafiya:
Dorrility : 3D da aka buga da aka buga ba su da dorewa kamar ƙirar ƙarfe, yana sa su ƙasa da ya dace da haɓaka girma girma.
Litaita iyaka ga zane mai sauƙi : mafi hadaddun zane zane na iya buƙatar molds na gargajiya na al'ada don daidaito da karko.
| 3D Buga | fa'idodi da iyakoki da iyakoki |
| Fa'idodi | Low farashi, samar da sauri don gajeriyar gudu |
| Iyakance | Iyakance tsaka-tsakin, zane mai sauki kawai |
Kayan allurar rigakafi
Yadda za a kimanta farashin kayan aikinku na allurarku
Kimanin farashin kayan kwalliyar allura na iya zama da wahala, amma kayan aikin kan layi da yawa suna sauƙaƙe aiwatarwa. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna amfani da kayan aiki kamar sashi.
Takaitaccen misalin sanannun kimantawa na kan layi
Kayan aikin Artimates da yawa na iya taimaka muku ƙididdige kuɗin da kuka daidaita abubuwan haɗin ku:
Kidaya : Wannan kayan aikin yana ba masu amfani damar shigar da cikakkun bayanai daban-daban don samun ƙididdigar farashi mai sauri. Yana da amfani-abokantaka kuma yana ba da rushewar abu, ƙiyayya, da samarwa.
Abubuwan da suka gabata : Sanannen sa, abubuwan da suka dace suna ba da kalkuleta wanda ke ba da tabbatattun abubuwan da ke dogara da ƙarar samarwa da zaɓi. Yana da taimako musamman ga waɗanda suke neman samun sassan da sauri.
Icomold : Wannan magudi yana samar da cikakken ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun dangane da samfuran CAD, yana ba masu amfani damar shigar da zane-zane da karɓar amsa nan take. Ya yi kyau sosai ga ƙarin ayyukan rikitarwa waɗanda ke buƙatar cikakken bincike.
| kayan aiki | fasalolin |
| Yantad da | Masu saurin kiyayewa don kayan, mold, aiki |
| Fanni | Bayanan nan-sauri, Zaɓuɓɓukan Ingantaccen Zabi |
| Na iommold | Kalmomin tushen CAD don hadaddun kayan gini |
Samun maganganu daga masu ba da sabis
Da zarar kun yi amfani da kalkuleta mai tsada don samun kimantawa, kai ga masu ba da sabis na maganganu na iya ba ku hoto mai ƙyalli na ainihin farashin.
Abin da za a nema a cikin maganganu da yarjejeniyar sabis
A lokacin da bita da aka ambata daga masu samar da allurar rigakafi, yana da mahimmanci don kula da dalilai da yawa:
Kudin saiti na saitawa : Wasu masu samar da cajin ƙarin kudade don saitin injin ko shiri na mold.
Takaddun Jagoran : Nemi lokutan jagora na gaske wanda ya dace da tsarin aikinku. Ayyuka masu sauri sau da yawa suna zuwa farashi.
Tabbataccen inganci : Tabbatar da mai ba da sabis ɗin ya ba da tabbacin ingantaccen inganci, gami da haƙuri, daidaiton abu.
Nasihu don yin sulhu da masu kaya
Yin shawarwari mafi kyau mafi kyawun kudadenku na iya rage farashin ƙimar allurar ku ta gaba ɗaya:
Umarnin da yawa : hada ayyuka da yawa zuwa tsari mafi girma ɗaya na iya taimakawa wajen yada ƙa'idodin farashin, yana ba ku mafi kyawun farashi.
Buƙatar ɗaukakawa da yawa : Samun bayanai daga masu siyarwa daban-daban yana baka damar kwatanta farashin kuma sharuɗɗa sasantawa.
Sauye-sauye-sauye : Idan kuna da jerin abubuwa masu sassauci, zaku iya sasantawa kan ƙananan farashi ta hanyar ba da damar samar da odarka cikin jadawalin su.
| abubuwan mahalli suyi la'akari da | dalilin da yasa suke damuwa |
| Kudin Saiti | Yana shafar farashin farashi |
| Jagoran lokuta | Tasirin tsarin aikin |
| Tabbataccen inganci | Tabbatar da ingancin ingancin |
| Tukwarin tattaunawar | Yana taimaka wa ƙananan farashi ta hanyar haɗawa ko abubuwan da suka dace |
Kammalawa: Kudin allurar rigakafi
Kudin allurar rigakafi yana rinjayi abubuwa masu yawa da yawa, gami da zane da , kayan aikin kayan aiki , kayan na kayan aiki . Don rage kashe kudaden da ake yisti ba tare da ingancin yin sadaukarwa ba, za a iya amfani da ƙa'idodi na masana'antu (DFM) , zaɓi kayan da ake haɓaka , da haɓaka haɓakar farashi. Yin amfani da moldsal na duniya ko 3d wanda aka buga don gajerun gudanarwa, da kuma hada ayyukan don karuwa, kuma hanyoyi masu tasiri ne don ci gaba da farashi.
Idan kuna shirin aiwatar da aikin gyara na allura, yi la'akari da hadin kai tare da kungiyar MFG. Don ƙarin shawarar da ya dace ko ƙirar ƙwararru, tuntuɓar sabis na ƙwararru don samun jagora da inganta tsarin samarwa.
Tambayoyin Tambayoyi: Kudaden allurar rigakafi
Menene kewayon farashi na yau da kullun don kayan aikin shiriya?
Low compgs molds: $ 2,000 - $ 25,000
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin: $ 25,000 - $ 100,000
Babban hadaddun: $ 100,000 - $ 1,000,000 na +
Ta yaya yawan samarwa yana shafar farashin naúrar?
Mafi girman kundin ƙasa kaɗan
Misali: raka'a 1,000 na iya kashe $ 10/2xan, yayin da raka'a 100,000 zasu iya sauke $ 1 / Sashin
Menene kayan aikin mafi inganci don allurar gyara?
Polypropylene (PP) yawanci mafi arha
Abs yana ba da daidaitaccen farashi da wasan kwaikwayon
Zaɓin kayan ya dogara da takamaiman abubuwan buƙatu
Nawa ne za'a iya buga molds na 3D Ajiye akan farashin farashi?
Menene hutu-ma nuna a cikin gida vs. samarwa na waje?
Ya bambanta sosai bisa tsarin rikitarwa da kuma girma
Babban Dokar: Cikin gida ya zama mai tsada a sassa 10,000+ kowace shekara
Nawa ne kayan sharar gida da masu gudu suka kara zuwa farashi na gaba ɗaya?
Menene tasirin sakamako na ɓangare na al'ada?
Sauran sassa na iya kashe kashi 25-50% don samarwa fiye da masu hade
Kowane ƙarin fasalin (an ruwaits, atomatik, da sauransu) yana ƙara yawan kuɗin samar da abinci
